Kutshanje, i I-Arhente yokusiNgqongileyo yaseYurophu upapashe uxwebhu olunesihloko Amandla ahlaziyiweyo eYurophu 2017. Ukukhula kwamva nje kunye neziphumo zokunkqonkqoza, apho inkqubela phambili eqaphelekayo ezuziweyo kwinkalo ye amandla avuselelekayo kwiManyano yaseYurophu ngo-2014. Le ngxelo inika ingcaciso ngendlela ukwanda kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kube negalelo ngayo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha eefosili, kwakhona kuthelekisa ukuvela kwezinto ezivuselelekayo kweminye imimandla yehlabathi.
Ukuqhubela phambili kwamandla avuselelekayo eYurophu
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amandla avuselelekayo adlale indima ephambili kwi-ajenda yezopolitiko nezoqoqosho yaseYurophu. Okwangoku, i-EU ichaze amabhongo iinjongo ze-2030 kwi-European Green Pact, efuna ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse nge-55% xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba e-1990.
Kwakhona, i ukuhlasela kwe-Ukraine kunye nokuphazamiseka kwegesi yaseRashiya ziye zakhawulezisa inguqulelo kumandla ahlaziyekayo kulo lonke elaseYurophu, nto leyo ebonisa ukungxamiseka kokhuseleko lwamandla ngaphandle kwamafutha efosili. Kwesi sikhokelo, isicwangciso REPowerEU ifuna ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwirhasi yaseRashiya kunye nokukhawulezisa ukufakwa kombane ngamandla acocekileyo.
Amazwe aphambili kumandla ahlaziyekayo
IYurophu ibonisa umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazwe ngokumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. amazwe aseScandinavia afana Suecia y EFinland Bagqama ngokuthatha inxaxheba kumxube wamandla angaphezu kwama-40%, kunye neSweden ekhokela iqela nge-60%. Amanye amazwe athanda IsiEstonian, isiLatvian y EDenmark Bakwagqwesa ngokudibanisa amandla ahlaziyekayo.
Nangona kunjalo, amazwe athanda Malta, Luxembourg y Ireland Basenendlela ende ekufuneka beyihambile, kuba benepesenti ephantsi kakhulu ekungeneni kwamandla avuselelekayo (malunga ne-10-15%). Nangona kunjalo, ukukhula bekuhlala kuhleli, kuqhutywa yimigaqo-nkqubo esebenzayo exhasa ukwamkelwa kobuchwepheshe obucocekileyo.
Ukukhula kwamandla ahlaziyekayo ngokwecandelo
Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu
El ukusetyenziswa kobushushu Yenye yeendawo eziphambili zokuya kumandla avuselelekayo eYurophu. Kwimimandla efana eFransi, ePoland naseFinland, ngaphezu kwe-50% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kujoliswe kwiinjongo ze-thermal. I Ingca iyaqhubeka nokulawula eli candelo, nangona ukusetyenziswa kweteknoloji entsha ezifana biogas kunye iimpompo zobushushu be-geothermal Iyachuma.
Ukukhula okuqinileyo okubonwa ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla ahlaziyekayo ngeenjongo zobushushu kusabela kwimfuno yokwenza uninzi lwezixhobo ezikhoyo, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili kunye negalelo kwiinjongo ze-decarbonization.
Umoya kunye nelanga photovoltaic amandla
Umbane owenziwe kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo iyaqhubeka ukufumana umhlaba eYurophu. Ngo-2021, i-22% yombane osetyenzisiweyo kwi-EU yavela kwimithombo ecocekileyo, kunye nenkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezifana amandla omoya elunxwemeni naselwandle kunye I-Photovoltaic Energy yamandla.
El EUnited Kingdom y España Bagqama ekufakweni kweeprojekthi zamandla omoya we-offshore, ngelixa iJamani iye yaphindaphinda imizamo yokuphucula amandla e-photovoltaic. Kwelakhe icala, EFransi iyaqhubeka nokuxhasa amandla ombane oqhutywa ngamanzi njengomthombo ongundoqo wombane ohlaziyekayo.
I-biofuels kunye nokuhamba kombane
Kulo Icandelo lezothutho, i-biofuels imele kufuphi ne-90% yamandla ahlaziyekayo. Njengoko ubugcisa obutsha buphuhliswa, zombini i-biofuels kunye nokuhamba kombane zifumana umhlaba. Isicwangciso seREPowerEU ifuna ukwandisa kakhulu ukungena kwezithuthi zombane, okuyimfuneko kwi-decarbonization yothutho lwasezidolophini kunye ne-interurban.
Ngaphaya koko, ukukhula kwimveliso ye ii-biofuels iya kusivumela ukuba sifikelele kumacandelo abalulekileyo afana inqwelomoya kunye nothutho lwaselwandle, apho ukufakelwa kombane ngqo kusajongene nemingeni emikhulu.
Utyalo-mali kumandla ahlaziyekayo
Utyalo-mali kumandla ahlaziyekayo lufumene ukonyuka olomeleleyo kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, kwihlabathi jikelele naseYurophu. I-China, i-Indiya kunye ne-Brazil zikhokela utyalo-mali lwehlabathi, kodwa Europe kananjalo wenze inkqubela ebonakalayo. I-China iwaphindaphinde kane amandla ayo ahlaziyiweyo afakiweyo, ngelixa iSpain ibalasele ngeeprojekthi ezifana ne Guillena Solar Super Park eSeville, enomthamo we-110,4 MW.
Ukukhula kweeprojekthi ukugcinwa kwamandla Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa uthungelwano lombane oluzinzileyo, olukwaziyo ukufunxa nokusasaza intsalela yemveliso ehlaziyekayo ngamaxesha okwenziwa kwemveliso ephezulu. Amanyathelo afana ne Isivumelwano soHlaza saseYurophu kunye nenkxaso yemali ye IBhanki yoTyalo-mali yaseYurophu Balomeleza olu lwando.
Eyona njongo iphambili ye-EU kukuphumeza a inkangeleko yamandla ekhutshwa yikhabhoni ngo-2050, umceli mngeni onamabhongo ofuna inkxaso yemali kunye nophuhliso lobuchwepheshe obutsha kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwabo bonke abadlali ababandakanyekayo kwicandelo lamandla.
Ukuzibophelela kwe-European Union kwi-decarbonisation kucacile, kunye notyalo-mali olufanelekileyo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthaza ukutsha kunye nentsebenziswano, ilizwekazi lisendleleni eya ekuphumezeni ikamva elicocekileyo nelikhuselekileyo.