Kwiminyaka yakutshanje kwiLatin America, ezahlukeneyo Uhlaziyo lwamandla ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Le mpembelelo ixhaswe ziimeko ezivumayo zejografi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu ezama ukuguqula i-matrix yamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili.
Kuwo onke amandla avuselelekayo, lowo ukhule kakhulu amandla elanga, izibeka njengeyona ndlela inexabiso eliphantsi nefikelelekayo kwihlabathi jikelele. Le teknoloji ayizange ivumele kuphela ukunciphisa iindleko, kodwa ibuye iququzelele ukungena kweeprojekthi zamandla acocekileyo kumazwe ngaphambili ayexhomekeke kwimithombo yemveli.
Ukukhula koxinzelelo lwamandla avuselelekayo kwiLatin America
KwiLatin America, sifumana imizekelo eyimpumelelo yokwamkelwa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Umzekelo ongumzekelo yinkqubo PaZa uMsinga eColombia, eye yavumela ukuba umbane usiwe kwiindawo ezichatshazelwa ziimfazwe. Le nkqubo ibonise indlela amandla avuselelekayo anokuba sisisombululo esizinzileyo kwiingxaki zembali zokufikelela kumandla.
Elinye ilizwe elibalaseleyo kulo mmandla Chile. Ngo-2012, iChile yayine-5 MW efakelweyo yomthamo welanga; Namhlanje, inani lingaphezulu kwama-362 MW, kunye nama-873 MW ngaphezulu asakhiwayo. I-Chile iphumeze umgaqo-nkqubo onobundlobongela weefandesi zamandla oye wavumela ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kweeprojekthi zelanga kunye nomoya, ukuzibeka njengenkokeli yengingqi.
Chile: Ubunkokeli kumandla elanga nangaphaya
I-Chile iye yaqinisa ubunkokeli bayo kwintsimi yokuhlaziywa ngokubulela kwisikhokelo esicacileyo solawulo kunye notyalo-mali lwabucala. Ingxelo evela kwiLatin American Energy Organisation (OLADE) igxininisa ukuba iChile iholele ukufakwa kwe-photovoltaic kwi-2014, inika iikota ezintathu zamandla avela kuyo yonke iLatin America ngaloo nyaka. Olu hlumo belusoloko luthe gqolo, oluye lwavumela ngoku ngaphezulu kwe-50% ye-matrix yayo yombane ukuba yenziwe ngamandla acocekileyo.
IChile nayo ibihamba phambili kwi ihydrogen eluhlaza, ubuchwephesha obusakhulayo obunamandla okuguqula icandelo lezamandla. NgoNovemba ka-2020, ilizwe liqalise "iSicwangciso seSizwe seHydrogen yeSizwe", esijolise ekwenzeni ilizwe libe yinkokeli yehlabathi ekuthunyelweni kwamanye amazwe la mafutha acocekileyo.
Utyalo-mali kumandla ahlaziyekayo eChile lugqithile 7.000 iidola ezigidi kule minyaka isixhenxe idlulileyo, equka amandla elanga, umoya kunye nombane omncinci owenziwe ngamanzi kunye neeprojekthi zebiomass. Eli nani liguqulela kwiiprojekthi ezivunyiweyo ezingaphezu kwama-80 kunye nezinye ezininzi ezisaphuhliswayo, ezidibanisa ilizwe njengenkokeli engenakuphikiswa kulo mmandla.
EArgentina: Ibhekisa kwindlela ecocekileyo yematrix
Argentina, ukungakhathali ngokwembali kumandla ahlaziyekayo, sele iqalile ukutshintsha. Kwi-Jujuy, umzekelo, kukho idolophu eqhuba i-100% kumandla elanga, ebonise amandla ale teknoloji ukutshintsha ubomi boluntu lonke. Umnqweno welizwe kukudibanisa i-8% yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwi-energy matrix yayo kwiminyaka ezayo, injongo exhaswa yimigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente.
Nangona kunjalo, enye yeengxaki ezinkulu zaseArgentina kukungabikho kotyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo, nangona imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemibutho yabucala sele iqalile ukuthatha umdla ekuphuhliseni iiprojekthi ezinkulu zelanga nezomoya kweli lizwe.
EMexico: Isityalo se-mega solar Aura Solar I
Isiganeko esibalulekileyo eMexico kwiminyaka yakutshanje ibe kukusungulwa kwesityalo selanga Solar Aura I e Baja California Sur, eyakhiwa ngeenyanga nje ezisixhenxe. Namhlanje, isityalo sibonelela ngamakhaya angaphezu kwe-130.000, sinqanda ukukhutshwa kweetoni ezingamawaka angama-60 e-CO2 ngonyaka. Ezi ntlobo zeeprojekthi ziyimfuneko kweli lizwe, njengoko zisivumela ukuba senze iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa amandla kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwii-hydrocarbons.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili, iMexico ijongene nemingeni yezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho eziye zanciphisa ukukhula kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, umthamo ofakelweyo kumandla elanga nawomoya usathembisa, ngokukhula komndilili wonyaka we-12%.
EPeru: Zisa amandla emaphandleni
EPeru ikhethe umbane welanga njengesona sisombululo sokubonelela ngombane kwiindawo zayo ezisemaphandleni. Inkqubo yofakelo lweepaneli zesola ibe yenye yezona zinto zinqweneleka kakhulu kulo mmandla, ngenjongo yokufakela iiphaneli zesola ezingama-500 eziza kuzisa amandla kubantu abaphantse babe zizigidi ezi-2,2.
Lo mzamo uncediswa kukwandiswa kwamanethiwekhi okusasaza adibanisa iindawo ezikude kakhulu zelizwe, ukuququzelela ukufikelela kumandla acocekileyo kwinxalenye enkulu yabemi.
Amanye amazwe kwimephu evuselelekayo
IPanama, umzekelo, usungule iithenda zokufakelwa kwe-66 MW yamandla elanga. Ngokufanayo, Guatemale iye yaseka izityalo ze-photovoltaic ezivelisa ngoku i-5 MW kwaye zisendleleni yokuphinda kabini lo mthamo kwiminyaka ezayo.
El IBhanki yoPhuhliso yaseJamani ibe ngamandla okuqhuba El Salvado , ukubonelela ngeemali-mboleko ezifikelela kwi-30 yezigidi zeedola ukukhuthaza amashishini amancinci ahlaziyekayo. Ilizwe lityikitye iikhontrakthi ezingaphezulu kwe-250 yezigidi zeedola ukuphuhlisa uthungelwano lwamandla elanga oluza kugubungela uninzi lweemfuno zalo zombane.
Honduras igqame ngokuba yinkokeli kumandla elanga kuMbindi Merika. Okwangoku, ilizwe lineshumi elinesibini lezityalo zelanga ezivelisa amandla amakhulu okubonelela ngombane, okuye kwavumela ukuba lizibeke njengelinye lawona mazwe ahambele phambili ekwamkelweni kwamandla acocekileyo kulo mmandla.
I-Latin America ikwimeko enokumoneleka malunga nophuhliso lwamandla ahlaziyekayo, amazwe afana neChile neMexico akhokelayo ngokomthamo ofakiweyo. Kwelinye icala, ezinye izizwe zihambela phambili ngokukhawuleza, ziqhutywa ngumxube wotyalo-mali lukarhulumente nolwabucala. Ukukhula kwamandla elanga kunye nomoya ngokukodwa kuthembisa ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko lwamandla.