Kunokuthiwa njalo Amandla ahlaziyekayo adala imisebenzi engaphezulu kune-fuels, Ukuchaneka ngakumbi malunga nezigidi ezili-10 zabantu usebenze kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo ngo-2016.
Ezi datha zifunyenwe kwingxelo yaMandla aVuselelekayo kunye nokuQeshwa kwe I-Arhente yaMandla aHlaziyiweyo yeHlabathi, yaziwa njenge IRENA, ukubonelela ngamanani engqesho amva nje kweli candelo kunye nesishwankathelo semiba echaphazela le marike yabasebenzi ngexesha lentlanganiso ye-13 yeBhunga le-IRENA.
Umlawuli we-arhente, Adnan Z. Amin Uthe: “Ukuwa kweendleko kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo evumayo bezisoloko zikhulisa utyalomali nengqesho kumandla ahlaziyekayo kwihlabathi jikelele ukusukela kuvavanyo lokuqala lonyaka lwe-IRENA, olwenziwa ngo-2012, xa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezihlanu bebesebenza kweli candelo. Wathi kamva wongezelela: “Kwiminyaka emine edlulileyo, ngokomzekelo, inani lilonke lemisebenzi Amacandelo elanga nawomoya aphindaphindwe kabini".
Oku kunokubonwa ngokucacileyo kwigrafu elandelayo.
Njengoko uAmin wabalaselisa, i Amandla ahlaziyekayo axhasa ngokuthe ngqo iinjongo zentlalo noqoqosho ngokubanzi, ngokudalwa kwemisebenzi ibe yeyona nto iphambili kwinguqu yamandla ehlabathi.
Njengoko izikali ziqhubeka zithambeka zixhasa amandla acocekileyo, kuqikelelwa ukuba inani lemisebenzi kwicandelo linokufikelela kwizigidi ezingama-24 ngowama-2030. Oku kukhula kungekhona kuphela ingalungisa ilahleko evela kwicandelo leefosili, kodwa inokuba ngumqhubi wezoqoqosho wehlabathi jikelele.
Imisebenzi ngokwemimandla kunye namazwe
Ngokubhekiselele kulwabiwo lwejografi, uninzi lwemisebenzi yamandla ahlaziyekayo ifumaneka eTshayina, eBrazil, eMelika, eIndiya, eJapan naseJamani. Kwi-2016, i-China irekhode i I-3,4% yabasebenzi abangaphezulu kumandla ahlaziyekayo, efikelela kubantu abazizigidi ezisisi-3,64.
I-Asiya, iyonke, imele i I-62% yemisebenzi iyonke kwihlabathi jikelele. Lo ngumkhwa othe wahlala ungaguquguquki, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba uqhubeke nokudluliselwa kofakelo kunye nemisebenzi yokuvelisa kulo mmandla, ngakumbi kumazwe afana EMalaysia naseThailand, eziye zaba ngamaziko okuvelisa kwihlabathi jikelele kwiinkqubo ze-photovoltaic zelanga.
Kwimeko EUnited States, I-photovoltaic amandla elanga ibe licandelo eliye lavelisa umsebenzi omningi. Ngo-2016, imisebenzi kushishino lwelanga ikhule ngo 24,5%, yaye elinye lawona manani aphawulekayo lelokuba imisebenzi yelanga eUnited States ikhule ngokukhawuleza kangangezihlandlo ezili-17 kunoqoqosho lwelizwe ngokubanzi.
Kwelinye icala, eJapan nakwiManyano yaseYurophu, kuye kwakho ukuncipha kwemisebenzi enxulumene namandla ahlaziyekayo, okubangelwa ikakhulu kukuncitshiswa kokufakelwa kwezityalo ezitsha zelanga.
Icandelo lomoya ikwafumene ukukhula okubonakalayo, nge-1,2 yezigidi zemisebenzi eveliswe ngamaziko amatsha, nto leyo emele ukwanda 7% Ngonyaka ophelileyo.
Ekugqibeleni, isishwankathelo Lelinye lamacandelo aphambili ekudaleni imisebenzi. I-China, i-United States, i-Indiya kunye ne-Brazil zezona ntengiso ziphambili kule ndawo, zigxininisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-biofuels (1,7 izigidi), i-biomass (0,7 izigidi) kunye ne-biogas (0,3 izigidi).
Uphuhliso lweAfrika kunye nemingeni yalo
Ilizwekazi lase-Afrika nalo sele liqalile ukuxhamla kuhlumo lwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Okwangoku, kuqikelelwa ukuba zikho Imisebenzi engama-62.000 enxulumene namandla acocekileyo e-Afrika, i-75% yabo igxile eMzantsi Afrika nakumantla welizwekazi.
Amandla okukhula e-Afrika makhulu kakhulu, kwaye kwamanye amazwe anemithombo eyaneleyo, utyalo-mali kumandla ahlaziyekayo lukhuthaze ukudalwa kwamathuba emisebenzi kwimveliso kunye nokufakwa kweeprojekthi ezinkulu. Ukongeza, kwimimandla yasemaphandleni apho iigridi zombane zesiqhelo zingenako ukufikelela, ukufakelwa kombane welanga kuzisa ufikelelo oluzinzileyo kumbane, ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi boluntu kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho.
UGqr Rabia Ferroukhi, uMlawuli woLwazi, uMgaqo-nkqubo kunye neMali kwi-IRENA, uqaphele oko izisombululo zesolar mini-grid Bavumela uluntu lwasemaphandleni ukuba loyise imiqobo yemveli kunye nokutshintshela kwimodeli yokuvelisa amandla enabekelwe amagunya.
Ukuthelekisa imisebenzi ye-fossil fuel
Umahluko osisiseko phakathi kwemisebenzi eveliswa ngamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye necandelo le-fossil fuel kukuba ukudala imisebenzi emininzi ngeyunithi nganye yamandla avelisiweyo. Enyanisweni, kuqikelelwa ukuba imisebenzi kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo ingaphezulu ngokuphindwe kahlanu xa kuthelekiswa namafutha efosili.
Ngaphandle kokuncitshiswa kwemisebenzi kumacandelo afana ne-oyile, igesi kunye nemigodi, izinto ezinokuhlaziywa ziyaqhubeka zibonisa amandla azo okuvelisa imisebenzi, kwaye zikwenza oko rhoqo. Umzekelo, kwi 2015, ngelixa icandelo lamafutha efosili liphulukene nemisebenzi engaphezu kwama-280.000, izinto ezihlaziyiweyo zadalwa. Imisebenzi emitsha engama-400.000. Ngo-2050, ukuvuselelwa kulindeleke ukuba kufikelele I-84% yemisebenzi yecandelo lamandla iyonke, ngelixa amafutha efosili aya kuba negalelo kuphela kwi-11%.
Lo mthamo mkhulu wokudala imisebenzi ubangelwe, ngokuyinxenye, kukusebenza nzima kokufakelwa nokusebenza ngokutsha kwemizi-mveliso, xa kuthelekiswa namashishini asele ekhulile afana ne-oyile negesi.
Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba ingqesho kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo inekamva elithembisayo kwaye ikhula rhoqo. Umzila omhle, oxhaswa yimigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu kunye nokwamkelwa okwandayo kobu buchwepheshe, kufuneka kuqhubeleke nenjongo yokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwethu kumafutha eefosili, ukuphucula iimeko zoqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokukhuthaza ukudalwa kwemisebenzi kwimimandla ebalulekileyo yehlabathi.