Amandla e-Geothermal sesinye semithombo yamandla anokuphinda asetyenziswe kancinci eSpain, ngaphandle kokuba namandla amakhulu. Ngelixa amanye amazwe aseYurophu azibophelele ngokuqinileyo kobu buchwephesha, iSpain isandula ukuqalisa ukuphuhlisa amandla ayo e-geothermal. Noko ke, iimeko subsoil Spanish, ingakumbi kwimimandla ezifana IItary Islands kunye usingasiqithi osemantla, yenza esi sixhobo sisebenze kakhulu ekuveliseni umbane, ukufudumeza kunye nokupholisa.
Kweli nqaku sihlalutya nzulu imeko yangoku yamandla e-geothermal eSpain, uphuhliso lwayo, amathuba abonisayo kunye nemingeni ejongene nayo. Ukongeza, siza kubona indlela obu buchwepheshe bunokuba negalelo ngayo ekuzimeleni kwamandla kunye nokunciphisa CO₂ ezikhutshwayo kweli lizwe
Yintoni amandla e-geothermal?
Amandla ombane Yeyokusebenzisa ubushushu obugcinwe ngaphakathi eMhlabeni ukuvelisa umbane okanye ukubonelela ngokufudumeza nokupholisa izakhiwo. Obu bushushu bugcinwa kwimigangatho engaphantsi komhlaba kwaye bunokutsalwa ngokugrunjwa, buvumela ukuba busetyenziswe kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zemithombo ye-geothermal:
- Ubushushu obuphezulu (ngaphezu kwe-150 ºC): Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane kwizityalo zamandla obushushu behlabathi.
- Ubushushu obuphakathi nobuphantsi (phakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-150 ºC): Izicelo zokufudumeza, ukupholisa kunye nokuveliswa kwamanzi ashushu.
- Ubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-30 ºC): Iinkqubo zokupholisa umoya zisebenzisa iimpompo zobushushu be-geothermal.
Ukubakho kweGeothermal eSpain
Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-geothermal eSpain kusenomda, izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba ilizwe linamandla amakhulu kobu buchwepheshe. Imimandla efana Iziqithi zaseCanary, eGalicia, eCastile naseLeon, eAndalusia naseCatalonia zibonelela ngeemeko ezifanelekileyo zophuhliso lwabo.
ISpain ineentlobo ngeentlobo izixhobo ze-geothermal, ukusuka kwi-aquifers eshushu ukuya kwiindawo ezinomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo kwiiCanary Islands. Nangona kunjalo, owona mceli-mngeni ibe kukunqongophala kotyalo-mali kunye nenkuthazo yophuhliso lwayo. Ngale ndlela, amaphulo afana nala Ukuzinikela kukaGalicia ekukhokeleni kwimveliso amandla ahlaziyekayo yimizekelo yendlela inkqubela enokwenziwa ngayo kule ndawo.
Usetyenziso lwamandla e-geothermal eSpain
Kwilizwe lethu, amandla e-geothermal asetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezimbini:
- Ukuveliswa kombane: Nangona iSpain okwangoku ingenazo izixhobo zamandla e-geothermal, ithuba lokuphuhlisa izityalo ezinjalo kwixesha elizayo liphononongwa kwiiCanary Islands.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweThermal: Kwintsimi ye-air conditioning, amandla e-geothermal asetyenziswa kwizakhiwo kunye nezindlu ngokusebenzisa iimpompo zokushisa ukubonelela ngokufudumeza okuzinzileyo kunye nokupholisa. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo lunxulumene ne Izisombululo ezisebenzayo zokufudumeza.
Iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zibonise ukuba amandla e-geothermal anokuba yenye indlela esebenzayo kwaye enengeniso ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili kumacandelo afana neshishini, ukhenketho kunye nolwakhiwo.
Ukongeza, ukuphunyezwa kwamandla e-geothermal kunokuba negalelo elikhulu kwi Ukukhula kweGDP kumandla ahlaziyekayo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kuqhutywe ezi projekthi, kubalulekile ukuba nenkqubo-sikhokelo yomthetho ekhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso kwi-geothermal field, kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo engcono yokuxhasa.
Ukuthatha ithuba lokubakho kwamandla e-geothermal nako kufuna utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo. Sithetha nje, nangona siqala ukubona inkqubela, kusekude ukuba sihambe.
Ukuqonda izibonelelo zamandla e-geothermal kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo eSpain ngundoqo ekwamkelweni kwawo kunye nokwandiswa. Zazi iingenelo nezingeloncedo Lo mthombo wamandla unokunceda ukwazisa uluntu kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo malunga nokuba nokwenzeka kwawo.
Ke ngoko, unxibelelwano olusebenzayo kunye nemfundo malunga nokunokwenzeka kwamandla e-geothermal kuya kuba yimfuneko kuphuhliso lwayo eSpain.
Izibonelelo zamandla e-geothermal
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla e-geothermal eSpain kunezibonelelo ezininzi:
- Umthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo nococekileyo: Ayivelisi ukukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-CO₂ okanye ezinye izinto ezingcolisayo.
- Ukufumaneka rhoqo: Ngokungafaniyo nelanga nomoya, amandla e-geothermal awaxhomekekanga kwizinto zemozulu.
- Ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwamandla: Uphuhliso lwayo luya kuba negalelo ekunciphiseni ukuthengwa kwegesi neoli kumazwe angaphandle.
- Ukuveliswa kwemisebenzi yasekuhlaleni: Ukuphunyezwa kwayo kuya kukhuthaza ukukhula kwecandelo elivuselelekayo eSpain, okubalulekileyo ngexesha apho ingqesho ezinzileyo iyimfuneko ngakumbi kunangaphambili.
Imiceli mngeni yophuhliso lwamandla e-geothermal
Ngaphandle kokuba namandla, amandla e-geothermal eSpain ajongene nemingeni ethile eye yacothisa uphuhliso lwayo:
- Iindleko zokuqala eziphezulu: Utyalo-mali ekuhloleni nasekwembeni luphezulu.
- Ukunqongophala kwenkuthazo kunye nenkxaso yeziko: Iipolisi ezinobundlobongela ngakumbi ziyafuneka ukukhuthaza le teknoloji, into enokulungiswa ngezicwangciso ezifana nezo zikhuthazwa EBrussels.
- Ukunqongophala kolwazi lwecandelo: Amandla e-Geothermal ahlala eyitekhnoloji eyaziwa kancinci eSpain, ethintela ukwamkelwa kunye nophuhliso.
Amathemba e-Geothermal eSpain
Ngokutyhala amandla ahlaziyekayo eYurophu kunye nesidingo sokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili, amandla e-geothermal angadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinguqu yamandla eSpain. Iiprojekthi ezilingwayo ziyaqhubeka ngoku kwaye iziseko ezingundoqo ezitsha kulindeleke ukuba zisekwe kwiminyaka ezayo ukuze kusetyenziswe eli thuba.
Ukukhula kwecandelo le-geothermal akuyi kunciphisa kuphela mpe mbelelo, kodwa iza kuvelisa namathuba amatsha engqesho kwaye iqinise ukuzimela kwezamandla eli lizwe. Ikamva apho amandla e-geothermal eyinxalenye ye-matrix yethu yamandla anokwenzeka ukuba izibonelelo zilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo. iinjongo zamandla ze-2030.
I-Spain inamandla amakhulu okuba yi-benchmark kumandla we-geothermal, kodwa oku kufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu, imigaqo-nkqubo yenkxaso kunye nokutshintsha kwengqondo kwindlela yokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla.