Ngokuqinisekileyo ufunde kwiziko amandla e-kinetic kwisifundo sefiziksi. Ukuba akunjalo, mhlawumbi ukhe wayiva kuphononongo lwezenzululwazi okanye kumajelo eendaba. Kwaye ingamandla abalulekileyo ekufundweni kwentshukumo yezinto. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abakacaci malunga nokuba yintoni na amandla e-kinetic abandakanya ngokwenene, asebenza njani, kwaye alinganiswa njani.
Kweli nqaku siza kunika a Isikhokelo esipheleleyo malunga namandla e-kinetic, ukuphonononga kwinkcazo yayo, ukusetyenziswa, iintlobo kunye nokubalwa njani. Ukongeza, siya kubonelela ngemizekelo eluncedo kunye neekhonsepthi zokuphonononga ezinxulumene nezinye iintlobo zamandla, ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo ukubaluleka kwamandla e-kinetic kwifiziksi kunye nobomi bemihla ngemihla.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi yonke into malunga namandla e-kinetic? Kufuneka uqhubeke ufunda ukuze ufumane
Iyintoni inkcazo yamandla ekinetic?
Xa bethetha ngamandla e-kinetic, abanye abantu bacinga ukuba kubhekiselwa kuhlobo oluthile lwamandla asetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane okanye isixhobo esifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, amandla e-kinetic ayinto nje amandla into enayo ngenxa yentshukumo yayo. Ngendlela elula, sinokuthi nayiphi na into ehambayo inamandla ekinetic.
Ukuze into ephumleyo iqalise ukuhamba, kufuneka kusetyenziswe amandla kuyo. Njengoko loo mandla esetyenziswa, into iyayinqoba imikhosi yokumelana (efana nomhlaba okanye i-friction air) kwaye iqala ukuhamba. Ngethuba le nkqubo, amandla ahambelana nento ehambayo yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-kinetic energy.
Ngoko ke, Amandla eKinetic axhomekeke kwizinto ezimbini eziphambili: ubunzima bento kunye nesantya sayo. Okukhona ubukhulu kunye nesantya, kokukhona amandla ekinetic aya kuba nawo into. Ukunyuka kwesantya kubangela ukwanda okukhulu kwamandla, kuba amandla axhomekeke kwisantya se-quadratically.
La mandla anokudluliselwa ukusuka kwenye into ukuya kwenye. Umzekelo, kwimeko yongquzulwano, amanye amandla e-kinetic ento ebethayo akhutshelwa kwinto echaphazelekileyo.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kwamandla e-kinetic kunye nomsebenzi
Amandla eKinetic anxulumene ngokusondeleyo nombono womsebenzi kwifiziksi. Yena msebenzi eyenziwa entweni ukutshintsha isantya yilonto iyinika amandla ekinetic. Lo msebenzi uchazwa njengemveliso yamandla asetyenziswa kwinto kunye nomgama owuhambayo ngenxa yaloo mandla.
Inxaki yomsebenzi yile:
W = F · d · cos(θ)
Apha, W umsebenzi wenziwe, F bubukhulu bamandla asetyenziswayo, d ngumgama ohanjiweyo, kwaye θ yi-engile phakathi kwamandla kunye nokufuduswa.
Sinokucinga ngamandla e-kinetic njengomsebenzi ofunekayo ukuzisa into ekuphumleni ukuya kwisantya sayo sangoku.
Iindidi zamandla eKinetic
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zamandla e-kinetic, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwentshukumo echazwa yinto:
- Amandla aguquguqukayo ekinetic: Kwenzeka xa into ihamba ngendlela ethe tye. Umzekelo, xa imoto ihamba ngendlela ethe tye, inamandla okuguqulela kinetic.
- Amandla e-Rotary kinetic: Ibonakala xa into ijikeleza kwi-axis yayo. Owona mzekelo ucacileyo ngowokujikeleza kwevili, okanye iincakuba zefeni eshukumayo.
Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo, amandla e-kinetic angabonakalisa nakwamanye amanqanaba. Umzekelo, kwinqanaba le-microscopic, intshukumo yee-athomu kwindawo eqinileyo yenza i-a amandla kinetic thermal, ojongene nobushushu. Ii-electron ezihamba kwisekethe nazo zivelisa amandla kinetic ombane.
Ubala njani amandla e-kinetic?
Ukubala amandla ekinetic ento kulula ukuba uyabazi ubunzima kunye nesantya. Ifomula ngokubanzi ye Amandla eKinetic inikwa ngu:
Ukuqonda ngcono le nxaki, kuluncedo ukucacisa amagama:
- Ec: Imele amandla e-kinetic, alinganiswa kwiijoules (J).
- m: Bubunzima bento, elinganiswa ngeekhilogram (kg).
- v: Ihambelana nesantya sento, ilinganiswa ngeemitha ngesekhondi (m / s).
Njengoko ubona, amandla e-kinetic alingana nobunzima, kodwa kuxhomekeke kwisikwere sesantya, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ukuphinda-phindwe kabini kwesantya sento kuphindaphindeka kane amandla ayo ekinetic.
Ngaphaya koko, amandla e-kinetic ento anokuhlala elungile okanye alingane no-zero ukuba into iphumle.
Ukukhawuleza kunye nokungqubuzana kumandla e-kinetic
amandla ekinetic Ayenzi yodwa kwindalo iphela. Ihlala iphenjelelwa ngamanye amandla, ngokuyintloko amandla omlo kunye nokukhawulezisa.
Xa sifaka amandla entweni, iqalisa ukukhawuleza. Njengoko isantya sakho sikhula, ngokunjalo amandla akho e-kinetic. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba siyayeka ukusebenzisa amandla, ezinye izinto, ezifana nokungqubuzana komoya okanye ukudibanisa nomhlaba, ziya kuqala ukunciphisa into. Le nkqubo inciphisa amandla e-kinetic de ekugqibeleni into ifike ime.
Ngesi sizathu, ulwazi lwamandla okukhuhlana lubalulekile ukuze uqonde indlela yokuziphatha kwento ehambayo. Ngokomzekelo, xa uqhuba imoto, amandla e-kinetic amavili ahlala edibana nomhlaba, nto leyo emisela ubungakanani bamandla afunekayo ukugcina imoto ihamba.
Ifomula yamandla e-kinetic: usetyenziso kubuxhakaxhaka beklasiki kunye ne-relativistic
Kwi-classical mechanics, izantya ezibandakanyekayo zingaphantsi kwesantya sokukhanya. Kule meko, ifomula Ec = ½ mv² Isebenza ngokugqibeleleyo ekubaleni amandla ekinetic ento.
Nangona kunjalo, kwi iindlela zokulungisa izinto, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela imiphumo ye Ithiyori kaEinstein yonxulumano olukhethekileyo, xa izinto zihamba ngesantya esikufutshane nokukhanya. Kule meko, ifom ye-classical yefomyula ayichanekanga, kwaye inguqulelo eyinkimbinkimbi evela kwi-equation eyaziwayo ka-Einstein isetyenziswa. E=m².
Imizekelo yamandla ekinetic
- Ibhola ephosiweyo: Xa uphosa ibhola, uyinika amandla ekinetic. Ubungakanani bamandla buxhomekeke kwisantya sebhola kunye nobunzima bayo.
- Imoto ehambayo: Imoto ejikelezayo inamandla e-kinetic, eya kuxhomekeka kubunzima bayo kunye nesantya. Xa i-braking, amandla e-kinetic ayachithwa, ngokukodwa ngokuxutywa kweebhuleki kunye namatayara kunye nomhlaba.
- Ii-roller coasters: Xa ukhwele i-roller coaster, iimoto zigcina amandla anokubakho, aguqulwa abe ngamandla e-kinetic njengoko imoto ihla kwimithambeka.
- amatye awayo: Into ewa kumphakamo othile ifumana amandla ekinetic njengoko ikhawuleza. Olu hlobo lwentshukumo eyongezelekayo lusetyenziswa kwiimfuniselo zomzimba ezininzi kunye nemizekelo yokwenyani yehlabathi.
Amandla e-Kinetic adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiimeko ezininzi zemihla ngemihla kwaye abalulekile ekuqondeni ukuba izinto ezihambayo zidibana njani kwihlabathi lethu. Ukususela kwintshukumo elula yebhola ukuya ekufundeni kwee-electron kwi-physics ye-quantum, yonke into ixhunywe yimithetho elawula le ndlela yamandla.
Khange indincede tu, yonke into endiyifunayo kukwazi ukubala amandla e-kinetic, yonke into ebhaliweyo, sendisele ndiyazi