Amandla enyukliya yenye yezona mithombo zibalulekileyo zombane ehlabathini.. Nangona ivelisa iingxoxo-mpikiswano ngenxa yeenzuzo kunye nokungalunganga kwayo, impembelelo yayo kwimveliso yamandla ayinakuphikiswa. Ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba, ikhutshwa amandla amaninzi enokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwimveliso yombane ukuya kumayeza nakwishishini.
Kweli nqaku, siza kuthetha Yintoni amandla enyukliya, afumaneka njani, ukusetyenziswa kwawo, iingenelo, izinto ezingeloncedo kunye neminye imizekelo. Ukongeza, siya kucacisa i iikhonsepthi eziphambili ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo kunye nomahluko phakathi kwe-fission yenyukliya kunye nokudibanisa.
Yintoni amandla enyukliya?
La amandla enyukliya ngamandla agcinwe kwinucleus yeathom. Le nucleus iqulunqwe protons kunye neutron, ezibanjwa kunye enkosi amandla anamandla. Xa la mandla ekhululwa, amandla avelayo anokusetyenziswa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokufumana amandla enyukliya: ukuqhekeka kwenyukliya kunye nokudityaniswa kwenyukliya. Zombini iinkqubo ziguqula ubume benucleus ye-athomu kunye nokukhululwa amandla amaninzi.
Ukuqhekeka kwenyukliya
La Ukulwa kwenyukliya Kwenzeka xa i-nucleus ye-athomu enzima, njenge-uranium-235 okanye i-plutonium-239, ihlukana ibe yi-nuclei encinci. Le nkqubo ivelisa iineutron ezongezelelweyo, ezinokubangela ukusabela ngetsheyini ukuba akulawulwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Amaziko ombane enyukliya asebenzisa i-nuclear fission ukufudumeza amanzi kunye nokuvelisa umphunga, nto leyo eqhuba iiiturbines ukuvelisa umbane. Le ndlela i esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwihlabathi jikelele ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
Ukudityaniswa kweNyukliya
Ngokungafaniyo ne-fission, fusion yenyukliya idibanisa iinuclei ezimbini zeathom ezikhanyayo ukwenza enye enzima. Le nkqubo yinto eyenzekayo eLangeni nakwezinye iinkwenkwezi, apho i-hydrogen nuclei idibanisa ukwenza i-helium kunye nokukhulula amandla.
Ngaphandle kwamandla amakhulu, ukudibanisa inyukliya okwangoku asiyonkqubo esebenzayo imveliso yombane enkulu, ngenxa yobunzima bezobuchwepheshe ekulawuleni ukushisa okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo olufunekayo.
Amandla enyukliya asetyenziselwa ntoni?
Amandla enyukliya anayo izicelo ezininzi kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, ukuveliswa kombane yeyona kwaziwa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, isetyenziswa nakwezinye iindawo:
- Imveliso yombane: Ngezixhobo zenyukliya kwimizi-mveliso yamandla.
- Iyeza lenyukliya: Ukuvelisa i-radioisotopes esetyenziswa kunyango lwezonyango kunye nemifanekiso yokuxilonga.
- Ishishini kunye nemigodi: Isetyenziselwa ukuthandana kwezinto kunye nokulawulwa kweenkqubo zoshishino.
- Intshukumo yenyukliya: Isetyenziswa kwiinkwili nakwiziphekepheke.
Izinto eziluncedo zamandla enyukliya
Ngaphandle kwempikiswano ejikelezileyo, amandla enyukliya akhona iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo:
- Ukusebenza kwamandla aphezulu: Ivelisa izixa ezikhulu zamandla ngexabiso elincinci lemathiriyeli.
- Impembelelo ephantsi ekukhutshweni kweegesi ezingcolisayo: Ayikhuphi ikharbon diokside, nto leyo eyenza kube njalo enye indlela ecocekileyo malunga namafutha efosili.
- Imveliso rhoqo: Ngokungafaniyo namandla avuselelekayo, afana nelanga okanye umoya, ayixhomekeke kwizinto zemozulu.
Izinto ezingeloncedo kunye nobungozi bamandla enyukliya
Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zawo, amandla enyukliya akhona imingcipheko ebalulekileyo oko kufuneka kulawulwe ngononophelo:
- Inkunkuma enemithaInkunkuma yenyukliya ifuna ugcino olukhuselekileyo kangangamawaka eminyaka.
- Umngcipheko weengozi: Iziganeko ezifana neentlekele zaseChernobyl kunye neFukushima ziye zagxininisa iingozi yokusilela kwimizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya.
- Iindleko eziphezulu:Ukwakhiwa nokugcinwa kwemizi-mveliso yamandla enyukliya kufuna utyalo-mali lwezigidi ngezigidi zeedola.
imizekelo yamandla enyukliya
Ezinye zezona zityalo zimela amandla enyukliya ehlabathini ziquka:
- I-Ikata i-Nuclear Power Plant (eJapan): Umlinganiselo kwimveliso yombane ngokuhlukana kwenyukliya.
- IChernobyl (Ukraine): Eyaziwa ngengozi yenyukliya yowe-1986.
- Fukushima (EJapan): Esinye isiganeko sentlekele yenyukliya senzeka ngo-2011.
Amandla enyukliya asengumba ontsonkothileyo noyimpikiswano. Inika amandla aphezulu, umthombo wamandla wekhabhoni ephantsi, kodwa imingcipheko yayo ayinakuhoywa. Itekhnoloji yenyukliya ihlala iguquka, kwaye inkqubela phambili yokudibanisa inyukliya inokumela isisombululo esikhuselekileyo nesizinzileyo kwilixa elizayo.