Amandla enyukliya sisihloko esenza iingxoxo ezinkulu. Kwabanye, sisisombululo esikhuselekileyo nesisebenzayo sokunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo. CO₂, ngelixa kwabanye bubuchwephesha obunobungozi obunobungozi obungamkelekanga. Kweli nqaku siza kuhlalutya iintsomi kunye neenyani ezijikeleze amandla enyukliya, impembelelo yawo kokusingqongileyo kunye nokusebenza kwawo kwinkqubo yangoku yamandla.
Ngaba amandla enyukliya ayahlaziyeka? Nangona abanye bacinga ukuba lukhetho olucwangcisiweyo ekulweni nokutshintsha kwemozulu, inyaniso kukuba ayihambelani nenkcazo yamandla avuselelekayo. Umthombo wayo wamafutha, i uranium, sisixhobo esinesiphelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukukwazi kwayo ukuvelisa umbane kunye nokukhutshwa okuphantsi kwenza kube yinto ephambili yokutshintsha amandla.
Yintoni amandla enyukliya kwaye asebenza njani?
Amandla enyukliya afunyanwa ngokusebenzisa Ukulwa kwenyukliya, inkqubo apho i-athom nuclei yezinto ezifana ne-uranium iyahlukana ukuze ikhuphe amandla amakhulu ngendlela yobushushu. Obu bushushu busetyenziselwa ukufudumeza amanzi, ukuvelisa umphunga kunye nokuqhuba iiinjini zomoya ezivelisa umbane.
Los Izixhobo zenyukliya Ziyilwe ngemigaqo yokhuseleko engqongqo ukuthintela ukuvuza kweradioactive. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, ubuchwephesha benyukliya buye bavela ukuze kuncitshiswe imingcipheko kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Iintsomi kunye neenyani malunga namandla enyukliya
Intsomi 1: Amandla enyukliya ayingozi kakhulu
Los iingozi IChernobyl kunye neFukushima ziye zabumba umbono woluntu ngamandla enyukliya. Nangona kunjalo, Amaziko ombane anamhlanje anemilinganiselo engqongqo yokhuseleko, nto leyo enciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ukuba nokwenzeka kweengozi eziyingozi.
Ngokutsho kwe I-Arhente yamazwe ngamazwe e-Atomic Energy (IAEA), izinga lokusweleka eliyanyaniswa namandla enyukliya lisezantsi kakhulu kunelo lamafutha efosili. Uninzi lwabantu abafayo kushishino lwamandla lunxulumene nongcoliseko lomoya ngenxa yokutshiswa kwamalahle kunye ne-oyile.
Intsomi yesi-2: Amandla enyukliya angcolisa okusingqongileyo
Enye yeengxoxo ezichasene namandla enyukliya kukuba ayavelisa inkunkuma ene-radioactive kakhulu. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba le nkunkuma ifuna ukugcinwa okukhuselekileyo, umthamo wabo uncinci kakhulu kunenkunkuma eveliswa yeminye imithombo yamandla. Ukongeza, itekhnoloji yolawulo lwabo ihambele phambili, kunye nokhetho olunje ngediphozithi enzulu yejoloji eqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwabo kangangamawaka eminyaka.
Kwelinye icala, amandla enyukliya awavelisi CO₂ ezikhutshwayo ngexesha lokusebenza kwayo, iyenza ibe yeyona ndlela iphambili ekulweni nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Intsomi yesi-3: Bubuchwephesha obubiza imali eninzi nobungenakusebenziseka
Nangona ulwakhiwo lokuqala lweziko lenyukliya lufuna utyalo-mali oluphezulu, Ukusebenza kwayo kuphantsi kakhulu. Nje ukuba usebenze, umzi-mveliso wamandla enyukliya unokuvelisa umbane ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ngeendleko eziphantsi kakhulu.
Ukwengeza, ii-reactors ezincinci zeemodyuli (SMR) baguqula ishishini ngoyilo olufikelelekayo ngakumbi noluguquguqukayo, olunokwenza amandla enyukliya akhuphisane ngakumbi.
Yiyiphi indima edlalwa amandla enyukliya kwixesha elizayo?
Kumazwe amaninzi, amandla enyukliya aqhubeka edlala indima ebalulekileyo ukhuseleko lwamandla. Umzekelo, iFransi, ifumana malunga ne-70% yombane wayo kwizixhobo zenyukliya, kwaye urhulumente wayo uceba ukwandisa ubomi bezi zityalo ukuya kwiminyaka engama-60.
Ngaphaya koko, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kwisizukulwana esilandelayo kunye nokufika okungenzeka komxube wenyukliya kunokwenza lo mthombo wamandla ube yinto enokwenzeka ngakumbi kwaye ezinzileyo.
Amandla enyukliya sisihloko esintsonkothileyo esineenzuzo kunye nezinto ezingeloncedo. Nangona ingengomthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo ngokwengqiqo engqongqo, ukukwazi kwawo ukuvelisa umbane rhoqo kwaye ngaphandle kokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo kwenza kube yinto ephambili kwihlabathi ekufuneni izisombululo ezizinzileyo. Ukudibanisa amandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nawenyukliya kubonakala kusesona sicwangciso-qhinga sokuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla olukhuselekileyo nolungenabungozi kokusingqongileyo.