Amandla e-Tidal: isibonelelo esicingelwayo kunye namathuba aso

Amandla olwandle, ekwaziwa ngokuba ngamaza olwandle, luhlobo oluthile lwamandla afunyanwa ngokusebenzisa intshukumo yamaza. Le nto yendalo iqala ngokubulela kumtsalane womxhuzulane ophakathi koMhlaba, iNyanga kunye neLanga Umsinga ukhokelela ekunyukeni nasekuweni komphakamo wolwandle kabini ngemini, onokusetyenziswa ukuvelisa umbane ngokusetyenziswa kweeinjini zomoya. Umahluko kumgangatho wamanzi, othi kwezinye iindawo ube mkhulu, ube ngumthombo oqikelelwayo nozinzileyo wamandla ahlaziyekayo.

Asebenza njani amandla olwandle?

Ukusebenza kwamandla olwandle kulula, kwaye kuneento ezininzi ezifanayo namandla ombane oqhutywa ngamanzi. Inkqubo iqala ngokwakhiwa kwamadama okanye iidike kwiindawo apho amaza anomahluko ophawulekayo wokuphakama phakathi kwamaza aphezulu (ubude obuninzi) kunye namaza aphantsi (ubude obuncinane).

• Xa umsinga unyuka, amanzi aqukuqela kwichweba lomlambo ngeengcango ezivulekileyo eziwavumela ukuba angene.
• Emva kokuba umsinga omkhulu ufikeleleke kwaye nomthwalo wamanzi uqokelele, amasango avaleleka ukuze athintele amanzi ukuba ahle.
• Xa umsinga uphuma, amanzi agciniweyo akhutshelwa elwandle ngee turbines, avelisa amandla ombane.

Ii turbines ezisetyenzisiweyo ziyabuyiswa, nto leyo ethetha ukuba bavumela ukuveliswa kwamandla kokubini xa umsinga uphakama naxa umsinga usihla. Le nkqubo ilula, imodyuli yamasango kunye nee turbines yindlela esebenzayo yokusebenzisa amandla olwandle.

Ukusetyenziswa kwala madami ayikuphela kobugcisa obukhoyo. Kukho kwakhona i Iijenereyitha zangoku, ezisekelwe ekusebenziseni amandla e-kinetic okuhamba kwamanzi, afana neeinjini zomoya eziphantsi kwamanzi. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba zii-Tidal Stream Generators (TSG), inefuthe elisezantsi kokusingqongileyo kwaye icuthe iindleko xa kuthelekiswa namadama esintu.

Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla olwandle

Uluntu belusebenzisa amandla amaza ukusukela kumaxesha amandulo. KwiYiputa yamandulo, iindlela ezisisiseko zazisetyenziselwa ukuthatha ithuba lokuhamba kwamanzi. EYurophu, ngenkulungwane ye-1956, ii<em>tide Mills zazisele zisetyenziswa. Esinye sezingqusho zokugqibela ukusebenza savalwa ngowe-XNUMX eDevon, eUnited Kingdom.

Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lweshishini lokwenyani lwala mandla lwenzeka kwinkulungwane yama-1966, ngokudalwa kwezityalo zamandla olwandle. Ngowe-XNUMX, umzekelo, umzi-mveliso wamandla olwandle we La Rance, eFransi, esele ingomnye wawona makhulu ehlabathini.

Iipaki zeTidal emhlabeni

Kukho iindawo ezithile kwihlabathi jikelele apho amandla olwandle anokusetyenziswa kakuhle. Ubume bomhlaba wolwandle kunye nokwahluka phakathi kwamaza zizinto ezimbini ezimiselayo. Ezi zezona ndawo zibalulekileyo:

• IBhayi yaseFundy, eCanada: Amanye awona maza aphezulu ehlabathini arekhodwa apha, anomahluko wokuya kuthi ga kwi-16 yeemitha phakathi kwamaza aphezulu kunye namaza aphantsi.
• La Rance Bay, eFransi: Ikhaya lezinye zemizi-mveliso emikhulu yamandla olwandle.
• eSevern Estuary, eUnited Kingdom: Apho kukho iiprojekthi eziphuculweyo zokuthatha ithuba lokuza kwamaza.

Kwimimandla efana neAsia, uMzantsi Melika kunye neCaribbean, kukwakho namathuba ophuhliso okufaka izityalo zamaza.

Amandla eTidal eSpain

ISpain ineeprojekthi ezibalaseleyo kuphononongo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yolwandle. Yena Iziko leHydraulics laseCantabria Lelinye lamaziko ophando afanelekileyo kulo mmandla. Apha, banamatanki ovavanyo apho balingisa amaza okwenyani kunye neemeko zamaza ukuqhubela phambili uphando.

Kwi-2011, indawo yokuqala yombane e-Spain yasungulwa, e-Motrico, eGuipúzcoa. Esi sityalo sinokuvelisa i-600.000 KWh yamandla ngonyaka, elilingana nokusetyenziswa kwamakhaya angama-600. Ngesi sityalo, ukukhutshwa kwamakhulu eetoni ze-CO2 kuphetshwa minyaka yonke, elilingana nefuthe lokuhlanjululwa kwehlathi le-80-hektare.

Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zamandla olwandle

Amandla olwandle anoluhlu lwe ezintle oko kuyenza ibe lukhetho olunomtsalane kwixesha elizayo:

• Ngumthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo nongenakuphela, exhomekeke kuphela kumtsalane womxhuzulane weNyanga neLanga.
• Amaza anjalo iqikeleleka kwaye izinzile xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo efana nelanga okanye umoya.
• Izibonelelo zi cwaka kunye neendleko zokuyilungisa ezicuthiweyo.

Nangona kunjalo, ikwabonisa ezinye iingxaki, njenge:

• Iindleko eziphezulu zeziseko zophuhliso, ephuma ekwakhiweni kwamadama okanye iijenereyitha.
• Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo, kuba inokuchaphazela indalo yasemanzini.
• La imveliso iyaphambuka, ekubeni kuxhomekeke kumaza, nangona oku kuqikelelwa kwangaphambili.

Amandla olwandle anesakhono esikhulu sokuba ngomnye wemithombo ephambili yamandla ahlaziyekayo kwixesha elizayo. Njengoko ubugcisa obusebenzayo obufana neejenereyitha zangoku kunye nee turbines ezidadayo ziphuhliswa, iindleko ezincitshisiweyo kunye neempembelelo ezincitshisiweyo zokusingqongileyo ziya kwenza olu hlobo lwamandla lusebenze ngakumbi.