Ukufikelela kumanzi okusela kusengomnye weyona mingeni inzima kule nkulungwane yama-21., nangona isijikelezi-langa sethu sigqunywe kakhulu ziilwandlekazi neelwandle. Ummangaliso wokuphila ungqongwe ngamanzi, ukanti uswele ngokwaneleyo, imithombo yamanzi acocekileyo afikelelekayo, ibeka ubuchwepheshe bokukhutshwa kwetyuwa kumbindi wezisombululo ezifuna ukuthomalalisa ingxaki yamanzi kwihlabathi.
Izinto ezinjengokukhula kwabemi, ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nongcoliseko zandisa ukunqongophala kwamanzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ukhangelo lwezinye iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo nezisebenzayo ezikwaziyo ukuguqula amanzi amtyuba okanye olwandle abe ngamanzi alungele ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso kungxamiseke ngakumbi. Kulo mxholo, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kubonakala njengendlela ebalulekileyo yokuqinisekisa unikezelo oluzinzileyo noluthembekileyo.
Izinto ezintsha zokususa ityuwa elanga
Iqela lophando elivela kwiYunivesithi yaseHong Kong Polytechnic lenze inkqubela encomekayo kwizixhobo zokukhupha ityuwa emanzini.Uphuhliso lwayo lujolise kwi-airgel ene-porous structure ephunyezwe ngokuprintwa kwe-3D, eyakhiwe kwi-carbon nanotubes kunye ne-cellulose nanofibers. Esi sixhobo sibonakala ngokucokisekileyo kunye neepores ezisasazwa ngokulinganayo, okwenza ukuba amanzi abe ngumphunga kwaye aququzelele ukuhamba komphunga., ngaloo ndlela idlula izinto eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-hydrogels, ehlala ilahlekelwa ukusebenza kakuhle kwinqanaba elikhulu.
Iimvavanyo zokuqala zibonise ukuba le airgel ivumela amanzi okusela ukuba aveliswe kusetyenziswa amandla elanga kuphela, afezekise ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nangona esetyenziswa ngobungakanani obukhulu. Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, Esi sisombululo sinokuba ngundoqo ekuququzeleleni ukufikelela kwimithombo yamanzi kwiindawo ezikude kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo kwimithombo yamanzi ahlaziyekileyo..
Ukutyhila isenzeko setyuwa
Enye yeengxaki zembali ekukhutshweni kwetyuwa kukuqokelelwa kwetyuwa kwiinkqubo, okubizwa ngokuba yityuwa., echaphazela zombini ukusebenza kunye nokuqina kwezityalo kunye nezixhobo. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje oluvela kwiMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) lenze ukuba kwenzeke, okokuqala nangexesha lokwenyani, ukujonga indlela "ityuwa erhubuluzayo" eyenzeka ngayo kwinqanaba le-microscopic, kusetyenziswa i-X-ray microscopy.
Lo mcimbi, owaziwa ngokuba yityuwa, ubandakanya ukufuduka kweekristale ukusuka kwizisombululo eziguqukayo ukuya kwindawo eqinileyo.Umonakalo osisiphumo usukela ekuwohlokeni kweziseko ezingundoqo zoluntu ukuya ekucuthekeni kokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokucocwa kwamanzi.
Iqela elikhokelwa nguJoseph Phelim Mooney lifumene ukuba iikristale zetyuwa ziwela i-interface phakathi kwe-liquid kunye nomoya, ukuhlaziya i-meniscus kunye nokubangela ukusabela kwekhonkco okwandisa ukuqokelela. Ukuqonda le nkqubo kuvula umnyango uyila iinkqubo ezixhathisayo kunye neengubo kushishino lokukhupha ityuwa kunye nokugcinwa kwelifa lemveli kunye nobugcisa.
Ngaphaya koko, iziphumo zibonelela ngezixhobo zokuphucula iinkqubo zemizi-mveliso, ukunciphisa inkcitho kunye nokwandisa ubomi bezibonelelo ezixhomekeke kwiziphumo ezinobungozi zetyuwa.
Izisombululo zamashishini eziselula kunye neemodyuli
Ukujongana nemfuno ekhulayo kunye nokunqongophala okugqithisileyo, iinkampani ezikhethekileyo ziye zakhetha izisombululo eziphathwayo neziphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza.Umzekelo obalaseleyo yiyunithi entsha ye-SWRO 50C enecontainer reverse osmosis, ephuhliswe yiMobile Water Solutions, inxalenye yeNijhuis Saur Industries. Esi sisombululo senzelwe ukuhlangabezana iimfuno ezingxamisekileyo kwimizi-mveliso, iimeko ezingxamisekileyo okanye ukwahluka kumgangatho wamanzi okusebenza.
I-SWRO 50C iyakwazi ukunyanga ukuya kutsho kwi-50 cubic metres zamanzi ngeyure, ifezekisa ukuncipha kwetyuwa ukuya kutsho kuma-95%. I-compact, idizayini yemodyuli ivumela ukufakwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle ngaphandle. ukuqinisekisa ukuguquguquka kokubili kwiimeko zexeshana kunye nokugcina umsebenzi kwixesha elide.
Phakathi kweempawu zayo, Ibandakanya ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kwesanti kunye nenkqubo yokucoca imichiza ye-CIP, eququzelela ukugcinwa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhambelanayo.Esi sixhobo sinokusebenza ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamanzi, ukusuka kumanzi amtyuba kunye nolwandle ukuya kwimithombo yoshishino, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo.
UDominique Tassignon, ummeli wenkampani, ugxininisa ukubaluleka kokuhamba kunye nozinzo ekuphenduleni ingxaki yamanzi. Ukuthunyelwa kweqela leeyunithi ezifana ne-SWRO 50C eYurophu ivumela impendulo ekhawulezayo kwiziganeko ezingalindelekanga. ukunciphisa ukuvalwa okungacwangciswanga kumashishini abalulekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukuqhubeka nokusebenza.
Umdibaniso we Izixhobo ezitsha, ulwazi olunzulu lwesayensi lweenkqubo zecrystallization, kunye nezisombululo eziguquguqukayo zemizi-mveliso Oku kuphawula inyathelo elibalulekileyo lokukhutshwa kwetyuwa kumlo wokunqongophala kwamanzi. Uphando lwakutsha nje kunye nenkqubela phambili ibonelela ngamathuba akhuthazayo olawulo olusebenzayo lobutyebi bamanzi, kubonelelo loluntu kunye nemisebenzi yemveliso neyemizi-mveliso.