I-Liquefied Petroleum Gas, okanye I-LPG, yenye yezibaso ezitsala umdla ongakumbi nangakumbi ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo kwezoqoqosho nezokusingqongileyo. Olu hlobo lwesibaso, olukwabizwa ngokuba Autogas, isetyenziswa njengenye indawo yepetroli kunye nedizili, enikezela nge ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu kunye nempumelelo enkulu malunga nokukhutshwa kwerhasi engcolisayo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuguqula imoto yabo yepetroli kwi-LPG, kodwa abazazi iimfuno, inkqubo kunye neendleko ezibandakanyekayo.
Kweli nqaku, sichaza ngokupheleleyo yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nokuguqula imoto yepetroli kwi-LPG, kubandakanywa iingenelo, iindleko kunye nemimiselo yangoku. Le nkqubo isenokubonakala inzima, kodwa ineenzuzo ezininzi kuzo zombini isipaji sakho kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Utshintsho lwamafutha
Eyona nto inomtsalane yeLPG yile xabiso, emalunga nama-50% ngaphantsi kwepetroli okanye idizili. Nangona kunjalo, nangona iingenelo zayo, inkqubo yokuguqula imoto ayilula njengoko inokubonakala ekuqaleni. Ayizizo zonke iimoto ezinokulungiswa kolu hlobo lwesibaso, kunye nezo zikhoyo, kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile.
Umzekelo, izithuthi eziguqukela kwi-LPG kufuneka zihambelane nemigaqo I-ECE/UN R-115. Lo mmiselo umisela ukuba kuphela iimoto ezineenjini yerhasi ezithobela imigaqo yokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo Euro 3 okanye kamva Banokukhetha ukuguqulwa. Ezi zithuthi kufuneka zibe zibhalisiwe ukususela ngo-2001, nangona lo mgaqo unemiqobo ethile.
Ukongeza kwimimiselo, enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo luhlobo lwenjini. Iimoto zokutofa ngokungathanga ngqo zilula kwaye zitshiphu ukuziguqula kuneemoto zokutofa ngokuthe ngqo. Kwiimodeli ezine-injection ngokuthe ngqo, inkqubo ibiza kakhulu kwaye ibandakanya ukufakwa kwee-injection ezithile zegesi, ezinokubangela iingxaki ukuba azipholile ngokufanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba isithuthi sihlangabezana nazo zonke iimeko zobugcisa phambi kokuba kuqhutyekwe nokufakwa kwekhithi ye-LPG.
Iimpawu zokuguqula imoto ishiye ipetroli iye kwi-LPG
Iimoto eziguqulelwe kwi-LPG zizithuthi ze-bi-fuel, okuthetha ukuba zine-injini enye enokuthi isebenze kuzo zombini i-petroli kunye ne-LPG. Oku kuthetha ukuba imoto iya kuba neetanki ezimbini, enye yepetroli kunye neye-LPG, enika ukuzimela okukhulu kunezithuthi eziqhelekileyo.
Kwimeko yeemoto zenaliti ezingathanga ngqo, ukuguqulwa kwi-LPG kulula kakhulu, kuba ayifuni zilungiso ezinzima kwi-injini. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimodeli ezinenaliti ethe ngqo, inkqubo ibandakanya imingeni eyongezelelweyo, njengokufakwa kweseti yesibini yee-injection ezikhethekileyo zeLPG. Ezi zitofu ziqinisekisa ukuba i-injini inokumelana ne amaqondo obushushu aphezulu eziveliswayo xa usebenzisa olu hlobo lwesibaso. Ngaphandle kolu tshintsho, isithuthi sinokuchaphazeleka kwiingxaki zokufudumeza kwe-injini.
Nje ukuba uguqulelo lugqityiwe, imoto iya kukwazi ukubaleka nokuba yi-LPG okanye ngepetroli. Umqhubi unokukhetha ukuba luhlobo luni lwepetroli aza kulisebenzisa nangaliphi na ixesha, nto leyo emvumelayo ukwandisa iindleko ngokuxhomekeke kubukho beLPG okanye ixabiso layo kwizikhululo zenkonzo ezikufutshane.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuze ufumane i ileyibhile ye-eco ukusuka kwi-DGT, imoto kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile ezongezelelweyo. Phakathi kwabo, ukubhaliswa kwi-2001 okanye kamva kunye nokudlula i-Euro 3 (kwiimoto zepetroli) okanye i-Euro 6 (yezithuthi ze-diesel) imimiselo yokukhutshwa. Iimoto zedizili eziguqulelwe kwi-LPG aziyi kuhlala zifumana ileyibhile ye-ECO, kuba ukufakwa kwazo kunzima kakhulu kwaye kubandakanya iindleko eziphezulu.
Inkqubo yokuguqula imoto ukusuka kwipetroli ukuya kwiLPG
Emva koko, sichaza inkqubo yokuguqula imoto ukusuka kwipetroli ukuya kwi-LPG inyathelo ngesinyathelo. Inkqubo mayisoloko iqhutywa ngumasifundisane okhethekileyo novunyiweyo.
- Ufakelo lwetanki yeLPG: Itanki yerhasi idla ngokufakwa esiqwini, kwindawo apho ivili elisecaleni lihlala lihamba khona. Ubungakanani betanki buphakathi kwe-35 kunye ne-150 ilitha, kuxhomekeke kwimodeli yemoto kunye neempawu zendawo ekhoyo. Nangona itanki entsha ifakiwe, itanki yegesi ayisuswanga, ngoko ke imoto iya kuba neetanki ezimbini.
- Ukufakela umbhobho wokuzalisa: Kweli nyathelo, uqhagamshelo lubekwe ukuzalisa itanki ye-LPG, ngokubanzi kufutshane nombhobho wokuzalisa ipetroli. Ukuba uhamba eYurophu, unokufuna ukuthenga iiadaptha, njengoko ingezizo zonke izikhululo zegesi eziphesheya zinenkqubo yokuzalisa efanayo.
- Indibano yombhobho: Imibhobho ifakwe ukuze i-LPG ikwazi ukuhamba ukusuka kwitanki ukuya kwi-injini. Le mibhobho kufuneka ihambelane nemigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko.
- Ukubeka isitofu se-LPG sikaloliwe: Izitofu ze-LPG zahlukile kwii-injector zepetroli. Ngenxa yokuba inaliti ye-LPG ivelisa uxinzelelo olukhulu kwi-injini, kuyafuneka ukuba kufakwe izongezo ezomeleza ii-gaskets ze-injini, ngakumbi i-gasket yentloko.
- Ukufakwa kweenzwa kunye neyunithi yokulawula: Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zoluvo zibekwe esweni inqanaba le-LPG kwitanki kunye nezinye iiparamitha. Iyunithi yokulawula ifakwe kwakhona elawula umxube wepetroli kunye ne-LPG, evumela ukuba isithuthi sitshintshe phakathi kwala mafutha. Imoto ayisoze ibaleke kwiLPG iyodwa; Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo yi-90% ye-LPG kunye ne-10% yepetroli, ngakumbi xa uqala.
Emva kokuba ukufakela kugqityiwe, kuyimfuneko ukudlula i-MOT ukuvuma ukuguqulwa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba yonke inkqubo isebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Ngethuba lokuhlolwa kobugcisa, ukhuseleko lwemibhobho yegesi, iivalve kunye netanki nazo ziya kujongwa.
Izinto ezilungileyo zokuguqula imoto yakho ibe yiLPG
El I-LPG iyaqhubeka ukufumana umhlaba kumazwe amaninzi kuba inika iinzuzo ezinkulu kokubini ezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo. Esinye sezizathu ezingundoqo zokuguqulwa kukonga kakhulu amafutha.
- Iindleko zeLPG: Ixabiso le-LPG lisezantsi kakhulu kunelo lepetroli okanye idizili, elinokumela ukongiwa ukuya kuma-50% kwiindleko zamafutha.
- Ukuzimela okukhulu: Ngokuba namatanki amabini (enye ye-LPG kunye nenye yepetroli), iimoto eziguquliweyo zinokuzimela okubalulekileyo. Ngamatanki omabini agcweleyo, imoto ye-LPG inokugqithisa Iikhilomitha ezili-1.000 ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokufaka i-refuel, elungele uhambo olude.
- Izinto ezikhutshwayo ezisezantsi: Iimoto ze-LPG zikhupha ukuya 40% ngaphantsi yecarbon dioxide (CO2) kunye nezinye iigesi ezingcolisa ezifana nitrogen oxides (NOx), nto leyo enenzuzo kokusingqongileyo.
- Ileyibhile ye-ECO: Xa uguqulela kwi-LPG, izithuthi ezithobela imigaqo ye-Euro 4 okanye ngaphezulu zifumana ileyibhile ye-ECO kwi-DGT, evumela ukufikelela IiNdawo zokuKhupha okuPhantsi (ZBE).
Nangona ukuguqulela kwi-LPG kubandakanya iindleko ezithile zokuqala, ekuhambeni kwexesha kuba lukhetho olunengeniso. Abanini bemoto abenza ngaphezulu Iikhilomitha ezingama-30.000 ngonyaka Ngokuqhelekileyo bahlawula utyalo-mali kwiminyaka embalwa ngenxa yokonga kwamafutha kunye neenzuzo zerhafu zeleyibhile ye-ECO.
Ixabiso lokuguqula imoto ukusuka kwipetroli ukuya kwiLPG
Ixabiso lokuguqula imoto kwi-LPG ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, njengemodeli yemoto, ukufuduswa kunye nohlobo lwe-injini. Ngokubanzi, iindleko zokuguqulwa ziphakathi I-1.500 kunye nee-euro ezingama-2.000. Eli xabiso lidla ngokubandakanya ikhithi yokuguqula, abasebenzi kunye nokuvunywa. Kwezinye iimeko, iindleko zinokunyuka ziye kwi-3.000 euros ukuba yimoto ene-injini enzima ngakumbi okanye ukufuduka okukhulu.
Ngaphezu koko, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba, emva kokuguqulwa, kuyimfuneko ukuya kwi-ITV ukuze ivume imoto njengesithuthi se-bi-fuel. Iindleko zale mvume zijikeleze 8,50 euro, kwaye kufuneka yenziwe phakathi kwexesha eliphezulu le-15 leentsuku emva kofakelo. Yakuba ipasisiwe i-ITV, ileyibhile ye-ECO inokucelwa ePosini okanye kwiwebhusayithi ye-DGT.
Ngokubhekiselele kwi-amortization yeendleko zokuguqulwa, kuqikelelwa ukuba umqhubi owenza Iikhilomitha ezingama-30.000 ngonyaka Uya kukwazi ukubuyisela utyalo-mali lwakho ngaphantsi kwe iminyaka emibini ngenxa yokonga amafutha. Nangona kunjalo, olu balo luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwemoto kunye nokuba isetyenziswa kaninzi kangakanani.
Amaxabiso e-LPG nawo ayahla ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo nakwisikhululo serhasi. Okwangoku, eSpain, ixabiso le-LPG limalunga 1,04 euro nganye ilitha, nangona inokwahluka kancinane ngokuxhomekeke kummandla. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, isephantsi kakhulu kunepetroli, ixabiso layo lijikeleze 1,80 euro nganye ilitha.
Unyino kunye nokungalunganga
Ngaphandle kwezibonelelo ezininzi ezibonelelwa yi-LPG, kukwakho imida kunye nokungalunganga ekufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ngaphambi kokuguqula:
- Ukulahleka kwamandla: Iimoto eziguqulelwe kwi-LPG zihlala zifumana ilahleko phakathi 10% kunye 20% yamandla xa kuthelekiswa nokusebenza kwayo kwesiqhelo ngepetroli. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-LPG inexabiso eliphantsi lokufudumeza kunepetroli, echaphazela ukusebenza kwe-injini.
- Ukulahleka kwendawo esiqwini: Xa ufaka itanki yegesi endaweni yesondo elisecaleni, kuya kufuneka ukuba wenze ngaphandle kwayo okanye usebenzise ikiti yokubhoboza.
- Ulondolozo olongezelelweyo: Nangona i-LPG icocekile kunepetroli, ifuna ukulungiswa okuthe ngqo ukuphepha iingxaki ngeevalvu ze-injini kunye nokuqinisekisa ukutsha okufanelekileyo. Ukongeza, ukuguqulwa kweemoto ezinamandla ngakumbi okanye iinjini zedizili zinokubiza kwaye zibenzima.
Ngaphandle kwale mida, abaqhubi abaninzi bafumana i-LPG iyindlela enengeniso nezinzileyo. Ukuba uqhuba iikhilomitha ezininzi ngonyaka okanye ufuna ukunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo kwaye ufumane izibonelelo zeleyibhile ye-ECO, ukuguqulela kwi-LPG kunokuba yenye indlela esebenzayo.
Isiphelo
Ukuguqula imoto yepetroli kwi-LPG inokuba lolona khetho lubalaseleyo lokonga kumafutha kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweCO2. Nangona inkqubo ingekho lula kwaye ineendleko ezithile zokuqala, ekuhambeni kwexesha inokuba nenzuzo kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba usebenzisa isithuthi sakho ngokunzulu. Ukongeza, ukufumana ileyibhile ye-ECO kubonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nokufikelela kwiiNdawo zokuPhuma okuPhantsi kunye nezaphulelo zerhafu.
Isitshixo sokuguqulwa okuyimpumelelo kukuqinisekisa ukuba imoto ihlangabezana neemfuno zobugcisa kwaye ikhethe i-workshop yeengcali enokuqinisekisa ukufakwa okukhuselekileyo kunye nomgangatho. Ukuba uthobela la manqaku, ukuguqulela kwi-LPG sisigqibo esilumkileyo esiya kongela imali kwaye sikuvumele ukuba ube negalelo ekuphuculeni okusingqongileyo.