
Ukuzisebenzisela amandla ahlaziyiweyo sesinye sezona zicwangciso zibalulekileyo zotshintsho lwamandla kwi-European Union (EU). Zombini iPalamente yaseYurophu kunye nemibutho eyahlukeneyo yokusingqongileyo iye yalwela ukuyenza ibe lilungelo elingenakohluthwa kubemi baseYurophu. Kulo mongo, imiqobo emininzi iye yashenxiswa, kuquka irhafu engafanelekanga enjengaleyo kuthiwa Irhafu yelanga eSpain, eyathi yaze yachithwa kwi-2018, yanciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwe-photovoltaic self-consumption.
Ukutyhala kwePalamente yaseYurophu ukuba uzisebenzisele ukutya
IPalamente yaseYurophu ikwenze kwacaca ukuma kwayo okuqinileyo ngokuthanda ukuzisebenzisela amandla avuselelekayo. Izilungiso ezininzi, ezifana nesi sivunyiweyo ngo-2018, sifune ukuba bonke abathengi banelungelo ukuzitya kwaye uthengise intsalela yayo imveliso yombane ohlaziyekayo ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwiinkqubo zolawulo zocalucalulo. Oku kuguqulela ekukhuseleni ngokuthe ngqo ukuzisebenzisa kunye nokuqala kokuphela kwamanyathelo afana nerhafu yelanga, eyabeka intlawulo yenkxaso kubemi abagqiba ukufaka iipaneli zelanga kumakhaya abo.
Isilungiso, esifumene iivoti ze-594 ngokuvumayo, i-69 ngokuchasene kunye ne-20 yokuyeka, yayiyinyathelo elibalulekileyo lokukhuthazwa kokuzisebenzisa kwinqanaba laseYurophu. Ngesi sigqibo, ukuzisebenzisa ngokuzimeleyo kwakukhuselwe njengelungelo elingenakulinganiswa, ukuphelisa imiqobo yokulawula kunye nokuthintela amanyathelo angalunganga athintela ukwamkelwa kobuninzi bamandla avuselelekayo.
Yayiyintoni irhafu yelanga?
Ngo-2015, urhulumente waseSpain wavuma iRoyal Decree eyazisa i irhafu yogcino, eyaziwa ngokuba yirhafu yelanga. Lo mlinganiso, owakhuthazwa nguMphathiswa wezoShishino ngoko uJosé Manuel Soria, wabeka intlawulo kubathengi ngofakelo lwe-photovoltaic olusebenzisa umbane abawuvelisela ukusetyenziswa kwabo. Oko kukuthi, abo bavelisa amandla abo ngokusebenzisa iipaneli zelanga kufuneka bahlawule.
Injongo echaziweyo yerhafu yayikuqinisekisa ukuzinza koqoqosho lwenkqubo yombane kunye nokuthintela abathengi abazimeleyo ukuba "bangabikho" kwigridi ngelixa beqhubeka bexhamla kwinkxaso yayo ngamaxesha xa iiplati zabo zingakhange zivelise amandla aneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, irhafu yagxekwa ngokukrakra yimibutho emininzi, iphikisa ukuba yayisebenza kuphela ukuthintela ukukhula kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Impembelelo yerhafu yelanga ekuphuhliseni amandla avuselelekayo
Ngelixa kumazwe afana neJamani, enelanga elincinci kuneSpain, ukwamkelwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kwakucacile, irhafu ilanga wayeka ukukhula self-ukusebenzisa eSpain. Imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente wePP eyaqala ngo-2011 yaphazamisa inkqubela yelizwe elathi, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, laba lelinye lamatshantliziyo ekuphunyezweni kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Amanani awazange axoke: ngelixa ukufakwa kwelanga kuphindaphindeka eJamani, iSpain yayisemva kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuba yenye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo zelanga eYurophu. Oku kuzinza akuchaphazeli nje ukusetyenziswa kwasekhaya, kodwa kuchaphazele iinkampani kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu ezinokuvuselelwa ebezinokuba ngundoqo welizwe.
Ukuyekiswa kwerhafu yelanga
Ngo-Okthobha ka-2018, urhulumente waseSpain ekugqibeleni wayirhoxisa irhafu yelanga ngo Umthetho waseRoyal 15/2018. Lo yayingumzuzu wembali wokuzithengisa eSpain, njengoko wavula umnyango wokufakelwa kweenkqubo ze-photovoltaic ngaphandle kwemithwalo eyongezelelweyo, kwaye yaphawula indlela yokuguqulwa kwamandla afanelekileyo kunye nozinzo.
Ngombulelo kolu rhoxiso, abemi kunye neenkampani ezivelise amandla abo ngokusebenzisa imithombo ehlaziyiweyo, ngaphezu kokugcina imali yabo yamandla, bafake isandla ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2, okwenza ilizwe libe yindawo ezinikele ngakumbi ekutshintsheni kwemozulu. Ukongeza, lo mmiselo uquka ukuba nokwenzeka kokwabelana ngezixhobo zokuzithengela kuluntu lwabanini.
Ithini imithetho ye-EU malunga nokuzisebenzisa?
Isakhelo solawulo saseYurophu siye sadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni ukuzisebenzisela ukutya kuwo onke amazwe angamalungu. Izikhokelo zoluntu zikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kwaye zinika abemi amalungelo okubavumelayo velisa, sebenzisa kwaye uthengise amandla akho ngaphandle kokujongana neentlawulo ezingenamkhawulo okanye zocalucalulo.
Ngaphezu koko, ngenjongo yokufikelela kwi-35% yamandla avuselelekayo ngo-2030, i-European Union yakhuthaza onke amazwe ukuba athathe amanyathelo aququzelela ukufakwa kweenkqubo zokuzisebenzisa kunye nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kwinqanaba lomntu kunye neqela. Ezi nzame zikhatshwa yimigaqo-nkqubo yesizwe kwiimeko ezininzi ezifuna kungekuphela nje ukuququzelela ukwamkelwa kobuchwepheshe obucocekileyo, kodwa nokuhlangabezana neenjongo zemozulu ezimiselwe kwiSivumelwano saseParis.
Indlela eya kwimodeli yamandla azinzileyo
Ukupheliswa kwerhafu yelanga eSpain kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwe-EU ngokuzithengisa kubonisa i-paradigm entsha kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo. Kulindeleke ukuba, kwiminyaka ezayo, amandla elanga e-photovoltaic ukuqhubeka nokwandiswa kwayo, ngenxa yenkqubo-sikhokelo yomthetho ebhetyebhetye ngakumbi nelungileyo. Uluntu olungabamelwane, iinkampani kunye nabemi baya kukwazi ukubheja ngaphandle kokwesaba impindezelo yezoqoqosho kwimodeli yamandla ezinzileyo, esekelwe kwimithombo yamandla acocekileyo.
Ukongeza, ukudalwa kwemarike yombane ekwabelwa amagunya kuyakhuthazwa, apho abathengi bengengobamkeli nje amandla, kodwa. abadlali abaphambili kwimveliso kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Oku akuyi kuvumela kuphela ukucutha okubalulekileyo kokukhutshwayo, kodwa kuya kuphucula ukhuseleko lwamandla kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimithombo yefosili.
Ikamva lokuzityela eYurophu liqaqambile. Ngokupheliswa kwemiqobo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwemimiselo efanelekileyo, bobabini abathengi kunye neenkampani baya kukwazi ukuxhamla kwiinzuzo zezoqoqosho, ezentlalo kunye nezendalo zokusebenzisa amandla ngokuzimeleyo.