Phakathi kokunyuka kwe imfuno yombane enxulunyaniswa nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa amaziko edatha seleI-Meta igqibe ekubeni ithathe inyathelo kwaye ifumane umbonelelo wexesha elide. Inkampani engumzali we-Facebook, Instagram, kunye ne-WhatsApp ivaliwe. izivumelwano ezintathu ezinkulu zamandla enyukliya eMelika ngenjongo yokuqinisekisa ukuba ukusasazwa kwayo kwe-AI kwixesha elizayo akuphazanyiswa kukunqongophala kombane.
Ezi zivumelwano, zisayinwe no IVistra, iTerraPower kunye ne-OkloEzi mali zongeza kwisibophelelo sangaphambili neConstellation Energy kwaye zinokuvula ithuba lokuya kuthi ga Amandla enyukliya ayi-6,6 gigawatts (GW) entsha nekhoyo ngo-2035. I-Meta ichaza lo msebenzi njengenyathelo elibalulekileyo lokugcina ukukhula kwamaziko ayo edatha, kuquka Iqela elikhulu le-Prometheus AI eyakhiwa eNew Albany, eOhio, kwaye inqwenela ukuba yenye yezona ndawo ziphambili zekhompyutha eziphucukileyo.
Umdyarho wamandla phakathi kokuqhuma kwe-AI
Njengoko i-AI evelisayo kunye neemodeli ezinkulu zisanda ngokukhawuleza, ishishini letekhnoloji lifumanise ukuba ingxaki yokwenyani ayisiyonto nje eneetships okanye italente, kodwa ukuba namandla amaninzi, azinzileyo, kwaye akhupha umbane kancinciUkuqeqesha nokusebenzisa iimodeli ze-AI ngomlinganiselo omkhulu kufuna ukuhamba kombane rhoqo, imini nobusuku, ngaphandle kokunyamezela ukucima kombane okanye ukunyuka kwamandla.
Kule meko, amandla enyukliya aphinda avele njenge enye indlela yobuchule: izibonelelo Imveliso ethembekileyo imini nobusukuAyixhomekekanga emoyeni okanye elangeni kwaye inokusingatha imithwalo yedatha efikelela kwincopho ngaphandle kokuguquguquka kwezinye iiteknoloji. Kwiinkampani ezifana neMeta, ukufumana iikhontrakthi zenyukliya zexesha elide kuthetha ukunciphisa ukungaqiniseki malunga neendleko nge-kilowatt-yure nganye kunye nokwenza kube lula ukucwangciswa kweziseko ezintsha zedijithali.
Intshukumo yeMeta yongeza kwindlela ebanzi kweli candelo, apho Iinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe zikhuphisana ngokuthula ukuze zifumane ii-megawatts Kuza kube kudlule amashumi eminyaka. Njengoko kubhengezwa iikhampasi ezintsha zeziko ledatha eMelika, kwaye, ngokongeza, nakwezinye iindawo. njengeYurophuIsivumelwano ngasinye samandla siba yinto eyahlukileyo kuloo mdyarho wokungasali ngasemva kumandla ekhompyutha.
Kwangaxeshanye, inkampani igxininisa ukuba ezi zivumelwano ziya kuncedisa ekuqiniseni Ikhonkco lokubonelela ngenyukliya laseMelika kunye nokugcina ingqesho yasekuhlaleni ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwezityalo, ingxoxo ehambelana nezinto eziphambili kwezopolitiko zokhuseleko lwamandla kunye nokuvuselelwa kwemizi-mveliso ezilawula ingxoxo eMelika ngoku.
I-Meta yayisele ihlolisise imakethi yenyukliya ngo-2024, xa yaqalisa isicelo somdla wokufumana phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-4 GW yamandla enyukliya. Njengoko izivumelwano zibhengeziwe ngoku, inkampani ngokucacileyo ithatha inyathelo eliya phambili kwaye izibeka kwindawo yayo njenge omnye wabathengi abakhulu bamandla enyukliya kwinkampani yelizwe, ngokutsho kweqela layo lolawulo.
I-Vistra, i-TerraPower kunye ne-Oklo: indibaniselwano yezityalo ezikhoyo kunye nee-reactors eziphambili
Uyilo lwezivumelwano zomxube weMeta ulwandiso lobomi bezityalo zamandla esele zisebenza ngokukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe benyukliya besizukulwana esitsha. Kwelinye icala, isivumelwano neVistra siqinisekisa amandla avela izityalo ezintathu zamandla enyukliya kwibhanti yemizi-mveliso yaseMelikaNangona, kwelinye icala, izivumelwano neTerraPower kunye ne-Oklo zijolise ekuphuhliseni ii-reactors ezincinci zeemodyuli (SMRs) kunye nee-reactors eziphambili.
Ngokuphathelele amandla okusebenza asele ekhona, iMeta isayine izivumelwano ne Iminyaka engama-20 yokufumana umbane kwizityalo zombane zasePerry naseDavis-Bessee-Ohio, nakwifektri yaseBeaver Valley ePennsylvania. Ukongeza ekuthengeni amandla, inkampani igxininisa ukuba ezi zivumelwano ziya kunceda ngezimali ukwandiswa kwamandla kunye ukwandisa ubomi obuluncedo yezibonelelo, ezineelayisenisi ezisebenzayo ngaphaya kowama-2030, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, kude kube phakathi kwenkulungwane.
Ngokuphathelele iTerraPower, inkampani eyasekwa nguBill Gates, iMeta iza kubonelela ngenkxaso-mali yophuhliso lwe iiyunithi ezimbini zeNatrium ikwazi ukuvelisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-690 megawatts (MW) amandla enkampani, kunye nokuhanjiswa okucwangcisiweyo malunga nowama-2032. Esi sivumelwano sikwanika amalungelo eMeta kumandla avela kwi- ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyunithi ezintandathu ezongezelelweyo zeNatriumenokongeza amandla afikelela kwi-2,1 GW ngo-2035, nto leyo eqinisa umda wamandla okuqhuba inqwelo-moya kwixesha eliphakathi.
Intsika yesithathu yi-Oklo, inkampani enabatyali-mali ababalaseleyo abaquka uSam Altman, i-CEO ye-OpenAI. Intsebenziswano ne-Meta iya kugxila ekuphunyezweni kwe ikhampasi yamandla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1,2 GW ePike County, eOhio, yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuxhasa amaziko edatha enkampani kulo mmandla. Olu hlobo lwekhampasi ludibanisa ii-reactors ezininzi zemodyuli kwaye lujoliswe ekunikezeni umbane kufutshane nezibonelelo zekhompyutha.
Ukugxila kwii-reactors ezincinci ze-modular yenye yezona zinto zintsha kule phakheji. Abaxhasi be-SMR bathi, ngenxa yokuba ziveliswa ngobuninzi kumzi-mveliso kunokuba zakhiwe ukusuka ekuqaleni kwindawo, Zinganciphisa iindleko kwaye zinciphise amaxesha okusasazwa xa kuthelekiswa nee-reactor ezinkulu zesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, abagxeki balumkisa ukuba akukabonakali ukuba zinokufikelela kuqoqosho olufanayo lwesikali kwaye bathi, okwangoku, Akukho SMR kwimisebenzi yorhwebo eMelika.
Iqela elikhulu le-Prometheus AI kunye nendima ye-Ohio ne-Pennsylvania
Omnye wabaxhamli abaphambili bale mandla enyukliya uza kuba Iqela elikhulu le-Prometheus AIIsakhiwo seziko ledatha iMeta eyakhayo eNew Albany, eOhio, sisixhobo esimalunga ne-1 GW esigubungela izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Le nkampani inethemba lokuba iza kusebenza kungekudala ukuze ibambe uqeqesho olukhulu lwemodeli ye-AI kunye nomsebenzi wokusasazwa.
Ukukhetha i-Ohio nePennsylvania akuyongozi. Omabini la mazwe ane isiko elide lemizi-mveliso namandlaOku kuquka inxalenye ebalulekileyo yeziseko zophuhliso zenethiwekhi ezifunekayo kunye nenkqubo yomboneleli ekwaziyo ukufunxa iiprojekthi ezinkulu kangaka. Ngokudibanisa izivumelwano zokuthenga umbane kunye nokwandiswa kwexesha lokuphila kwezityalo zenyukliya zasekuhlaleni, iMeta ifuna ukulungelelanisa izinto zayo zobuchwepheshe nezinto eziza kuqala kwezoqoqosho zengingqi.
Ngokwembono yoluntu oluchaphazelekayo, inkampani igxininisa ukuba izivumelwano zinokuvelisa amawaka emisebenzi yokwakha yexeshana y amakhulu emisebenzi esisigxina ukusetyenziswa nokugcinwa kwezityalo. Oku kongezelela kwimpembelelo eqhubayo kwiinkonzo ezinxulumene noko ezifana nobunjineli, ukhuseleko, uthutho, kunye nokugcinwa kwemizi-mveliso, okudla ngokuhamba notyalo-mali olu hlobo.
Ezi projekthi zikwayinxalenye yebali lezopolitiko apho Ukhuseleko lwamandla kunye nokuzimela kwezobuchwepheshe Baye banda. Kwimeko yoxinzelelo lwezopolitiko kunye notshintsho oluntsonkothileyo lwamandla, ukuzinikela kwenkampani enkulu yetekhnoloji kwizivumelwano zenyukliya ezithathe amashumi eminyaka kuqinisa umyalezo wokuba iziseko ezibalulekileyo kufuneka zikhuselwe ngaphakathi.
Nangona uninzi lwezivumelwano lukwi-United States, le ntshukumo ithumela uphawu oluvakala nakwezinye iimarike ezivuthiweyo, njenge-European Union, apho kukho ingxoxo enzulu malunga Indlela yokulungelelanisa ukukhula kwe-AI kunye neenjongo zemozulu kunye nemida yegridi yombane. Amava aseMelika ngeekhontrakthi ezinkulu zenyukliya zeenkampani aza kujongwa ngokusondeleyo ngabalawuli kunye nabaqhubi baseYurophu.
Ubungakanani bezemali kunye nempendulo yemarike
Kwimarike yezabelo, esi sibhengezo sibe nefuthe elikhawulezileyo kwamanye amaqabane eMeta. Izabelo ze-Oklo zinyuke phantse ngama-20%. Emva kokubhengezwa kwezivumelwano, izabelo zeVistra zinyuke malunga ne-8% kurhwebo lwangaphambi kokuba kuthengiswe. Olu tshintsho lubonisa umbono wokuba Izivumelwano zeminyaka engama-20 kunye nomthengi okwinqanaba eliphezulu Babonelela ngokubonakala kwengeniso kunye nenkxaso kwizicwangciso zokwandisa ezi nkampani.
KwiMeta, ukubaluleka kulinganiswa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho amandla enyukliya aqinileyo, ahlala ixesha elide kuzisa ukucaca okukhulu kule ngxaki. iindleko zamandla zexesha elizayo zeziseko zayo ze-AIEsi sisahluko esibalulekayo njengoko amaziko edatha esanda kwaye ukusetyenziswa kweemodeli eziphambili kuyanda. Umyalezo kubatyali-mali kukuba inkampani icinga ukuba ukusasazwa kwe-AI kuya kubandakanya i-capex yesakhiwo esiphezulukungekuphela nje kwiiseva nakwiinethiwekhi, kodwa nakwizivumelwano zamandla kwaye, kwezinye iimeko, ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso yeeasethi.
Eli cebo lingenza isiphumo sokutsala kulo lonke icandelo lobuchwepheshe. Ukuba iMeta iqinisekisa ukufikelela kwiigigawatts ezininzi zamandla enyukliya kude kube ngu-2035, amanye amaqonga amakhulu edijithali Kwaye abaqhubi beziko ledatha banokucinezelwa ukuba bavale izivumelwano ezifanayo ukuze bangabi kwimeko yokungakhuphisani, kokubini ngokubhekiselele ekufumanekeni kwamandla kunye nokuqikelelwa kweendleko.
Oko kubizwa ngokuba “lukhuphiswano lweemegawatts” nako kunefuthe elingathanga ngqo kuqoqosho lonke: ukwanda kwemfuno yamandla eenkampani ezivela kwiinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe Oku kunokubangela uxinzelelo kumaxabiso kunye nokufumaneka kwabanye abathengi, ukusuka kumashishini emveli ukuya kumakhaya. Oku kongeza umthwalo kubalawuli kunye nabacwangcisi begridi, abanyanzelekileyo ukulinganisela ukukhula kwedijithali, ukusetyenziswa kwezindlu, kunye necandelo lemveliso.
Kwangaxeshanye, ubudlelwane beMeta neenkampani ezifana neTerraPower, i-Oklo, kunye neConstellation bunceda ekubekeni isiseko esihle. Amandla enyukliya asembindini wengxoxo malunga notshintsho lwamandlakungekuphela nje njengenkxaso kushishino lwedijithali, kodwa njengenxalenye yomxube wombane osuswe iicarbon apho izinto ezivuselelekayo kunye namandla enyukliya zihambelana.
Iingozi, imihla ebekiweyo kunye nokubaluleka komthetho
Nangona kubhengezwe umthamo we-gigawatt, owona mceli mngeni mkhulu lixesha. Ukwandisa ubomi bezityalo ezikhoyo kudla ngokukhawuleza kunokwakha iiyunithi ezintsha, kodwa kufuna... iimvume zomthetho, uphuculo lotyalo-mali kunye nezivumelwano nabaqhubi benethiwekhiUphononongo ngalunye lwelayisenisi, iprojekthi nganye yokuhlaziya, kunye nophicotho ngalunye lokhuseleko lunokungenisa ukulibaziseka kunye neendleko ezongezelelweyo.
Ukungaqiniseki kuyakhula xa kufikwa kubuchwepheshe benyukliya obuphambili kunye nee-SMR. Akukho nanye kwii-reactors zemodyuli eziyilwe yiTerraPower kunye ne-Oklo ezisasebenza kurhwebo okwangoku, kwaye Iinkqubo zokufumana iilayisenisi eMelika zinde kwaye zinzima.Impumelelo yezivumelwano iya kuxhomekeka kakhulu kwindlela ezitshintsha ngayo iinkqubo zomthetho kunye nokukwazi kwabaphuhlisi ukuhlangabezana nemihla ebekiweyo kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali.
Kule meko, abahlalutyi kunye nabatyali-mali abayi kujonga kuphela isihloko malunga ne-6,6 GW, kodwa nakwi ukuwohloka kwangempela kwamandla enkampani aza kuqala ukusebenza unyaka nonyakaKwakhona okubalulekileyo kuya kuba yindlela ethile yezivumelwano (nokuba zizivumelwano zokuthenga umbane zexesha elide, utyalo-mali oluthe ngqo, okanye amalungiselelo e-hybrid) kunye nomlinganiselo apho imigangatho yokuhanjiswa kweenkonzo ixhomekeke kwiimvume zomthetho okanye izigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo wamandla.
Kukwakho nenxalenye yombono woluntu. Ukubuya kwamandla enyukliya njengentsika yokwandiswa kwe-AI kunokuvula kwakhona iingxoxo malunga ukhuseleko, ulawulo lwenkunkuma kunye nokwamkelwa kwezityalo zamandla kuluntuNangona ingxoxo iphononongwa eMelika, kwiindawo ezifana neYurophu amazwe athile agcina izikhundla ezahlukeneyo kakhulu ngendima yale teknoloji kumxube wamandla.
Nangona kunjalo, ithemba lokuba amaziko edatha e-AI asebenzisa umbane omkhulu kangangeminyaka emininzi longeza ungxamiseko ekukhangelweni imithombo yamandla ekhabhoni ephantsi kwaye ifumaneka kakhuluKwimeko enjalo, amandla enyukliya, kunye nazo zonke iindlela zawo ezicacileyo, aziveza kwiinkampani ezifana neMeta njengenye yeendlela ezimbalwa ezinokukwazi ukubonelela ngamandla amakhulu ngaphandle kokunyusa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwegesi.
Inyathelo likaMeta, elisekwe kwizivumelwano neVistra, iTerraPower, kunye ne-Oklo kwaye lixhaswa ziimpahla ezikhoyo kunye neeprojekthi zesizukulwana esilandelayo, liqinisa ingcamango yokuba Iziseko zophuhliso lwamandla zibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeshishini letekhnolojiKumdyarho wobukrelekrele bokwenziwa, akuyi kwanela ukuba ne-algorithms ezilungileyo okanye iitships eziphambili: iinkampani ezikwaziyo ukufumana amandla afunekayo, ezinezivumelwano ezizinzileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphantsi kwekhabhoni, ziya kuqala ngenzuzo enokwenza umahluko omkhulu kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo.
