NgeSicwangciso soBuchule sePemex esitsha, uRhulumente waseClaudia Sheinbaum uphinde wavuselela ingxoxo Ukuqhekeka kwehydraulic eMexicoImephu yendlela yenkampani yeoli ijolise ekuphononongeni nasekuphuhliseni iidiphozithi "zejoloji entsonkothileyo", i-euphemism ethi, kwiingcali ezininzi, ivula umnyango izixhobo ezingaqhelekanga edla ngokufuna i-fracking.
Injongo kukwandisa ukufumaneka kwerhasi yendalo yesizwe kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka ekuthengeni impahla ephuma kumazwe angaphandle, kuxhomekeke kwiikontraki ezixubeneyo kunye nezikimu zenkxaso-mali ezintsha. Ngeli xesha, amaqela okusingqongileyo kunye neengcali zempilo yoluntu zilumkisa malunga ne imingcipheko emanzini, kwimozulu nakuluntu ezinxulumene nobu buchule.
Icebisa ntoni isicwangciso esitsha sikaPemex?
Isicwangciso seSicwangciso seNkampani sika-2025-2035 siceba ukwandisa amabala asele ekho, iindawo ezivulekileyo zemida kunye nokuvavanya imidlalo esezantsi yokungena, ngenjongo yokufikelela ukuya kuthi ga. I-5.000 yeebhiliyoni zee-cubic feet ngosuku yerhasi malunga no-2028. Isicwangciso sikhatshwa sisithuthi semali esilawulwa yi-Banobras ukuya kuthi ga 250.000 yezigidi zepeso kwaye yinxalenye yomzamo wokuqondisa ngokutsha amatyala akufutshane 100.000 iidola ezigidi.
Ngokuhambelanayo, ukuveliswa kwe Igesi yePemex yawa ngaphezu kwe-6% Kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka, imveliso ifikelele nje ngaphezulu kwe-3.500 mmcfd, ngaphantsi kwenqanaba leminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Kwi-oyile ekrwada, imveliso yayijikeleze 1,6 yezigidi zemiphanda ngosuku, echaza ukungxamiseka kokuqinisa igesi njenge-lever yokuvelisa umbane kunye nokuzimela.
Iindawo ekujoliswe kuzo kunye namandla okwakheka komhlaba
Uxwebhu olusemthethweni luchonga amandla okujikeleza 64.000 yeebhiliyoni zemiphanda yeoli ekrwada elinganayo kwizakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo, kugxilwe kwizitya Tampico-Misantla, Sabinas-Burro Picachos kunye neBurgos, kunye nakwiiprojekthi kwi Iibhasi ezisezantsi-mpuma kunye Isitya saseVeracruzEzi ziinkqubo zokungena kancinci apho irhasi eyomileyo, irhasi emanzi, kunye nee-oyile ezilula zongamele.
Igalelo lezi zibonelelo ezingaqhelekanga ziya kuba phakathi kuka-2026 kunye no-2028, ngolindelo lwemithamo efanelekileyo ngakumbi ukuqala ngo-2029. Isicwangciso sithatha njengereferensi yamava amanye amazwe afana neArgentina, apho i-hydraulic fracturing itshintshe ijika lokuvelisa.
IMexico idla kancinci kunoko 8.700 mmpcd yerhasi ecutshungulweyo kunye namagquma malunga I-75% kunye nezinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, ngaphezu kwe-90% ephuma e-United States, apho i-shale gas ilawula ukubonelela. Ukunciphisa oku kuvezwa kwangaphandle yenye yezinto ezikhuthazayo zesicwangciso.
Irhasi yendalo ingundoqo kumbaneMalunga nesibini esithathwini semfuno yerhasi ivela kwimizi-mveliso evelisa igesi, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-60% yamandla elizwe aveliswa ngala mafutha. Ukunciphisa imiqobo yokubonelela kunye nokwandisa imveliso yasekhaya zezinye zezinto eziphambili zolawulo olutsha.
I-Hydraulic fracturing: isebenza njani kwaye yintoni exoxwa ngayo
I-Fracking ibandakanya ukutofa ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu amanzi, isanti kunye nezongezo ekubunjweni kwamatye ukuvelisa i-microfractures kunye nokukhulula igesi ebanjwe okanye ioli. Ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukugrumba ngokuthe nkqo kunye amasebe anqamlezileyo ukwandisa kangangeekhilomitha eziliqela kwi-shales enokungeneka kancinci.
Ishishini kunye nabanye abalawuli bagxininisa ukuba kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo bekukho ukuphuculwa koyilo lwamaqula, ukugrunjwa nokugqitywa ukunciphisa iimpembelelo, ngolawulo olukhulu kulawulo lolwelo kunye nokhuseleko lwe-aquifer. Iingcali zezoqoqosho kwicandelo lezemali zigxininisa ukuba ukusebenzisa ezi zixhobo zinokusetyenziswa ukutsala utyalo-mali lwabucala kunye nokunciphisa imiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali.
Imibutho yezokusiNgqongileyo neyezemfundo iyaphikisana nokuba iingozi zisekho: Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kakhulu, ukukhutshwa kwemethane ebalekayo kunye nezingcoliso ezinokubakho ezifana nebenzene, itoluene okanye iikhompawundi eziguquguqukayo zeorganic. EUnited States, ukusetyenziswa kwequla ngalinye kubhalwe ukuba kudlule malunga Iilitha ezili-18 ukuya kwi-38 yezigidi e Ukhozi Ford (2010-2017) kunye nokwanda ukuya 770% kwi-Permian Basin, enamanzi amaninzi adlulayo 60 yezigidi zeelitha kunye neerekhodi ezikufutshane 151 yezigidi zeelitha.
Kwakhona zikhankanyiwe iziphumo zempilo eyayanyaniswa nokuba sesichengeni kwimixube yeekhemikhali kunye namasuntswana amahle, kunye nemfuno yokubeka iliso ngokuzimeleyo, ukungafihli, kunye nentatho-nxaxheba yoluntu. Abagxeki bayaphika ukuba irhasi yefosili a amafutha enguqu kwaye sicele ukukhawulezisa ezinye iindlela ezinokuthi zihlaziyeke.
