Ngelixa iplanethi ifudumala ngesantya esikhawulezayo, i I-permafrost ihambile ekubeni yinto engaziwayo ukuba ngomnye wabalinganiswa beendaba zokusingqongileyo. Ngaphantsi kwalo maleko omhlaba omkhenkce kukho izinto ezingcolisa umzimba, ikhabhoni, iziseko ezingundoqo ezisengozini, kunye neentsholongwane zamandulo eziqalisa ukuvuka ngokunyibilika.
Kunokuba ibe yinto eyodwa kwimimandla epholileyo, ukunyibilika kwe-permafrost kunxulunyaniswa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. ukhuseleko lwamanzi, impilo yoluntu, uqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni kunye nezicwangciso zomkhosi ezizuzwe njengelifa kwiMfazwe YomlomoUkuqonda okwenzekayo kwiCanadian Arctic, eSiberia, okanye kwiintaba zeAndean kungundoqo ekufumaneni ingcamango yobukhulu bengxaki esijongene nayo.
Yintoni i-permafrost kwaye kutheni ibaluleke kangaka?
IPermafrost yi umaleko womhlaba kunye nentlenga ehlala ingumkhenkce ubuncinci iminyaka emibini ilandelelanaNangona kusenziwa umkhenkce kangangamawaka eminyaka kwimimandla emikhulu yoMntla weHemisphere. Ayingomkhenkce kuphela: ikwabandakanya amatye, igrabile, kunye nentaphane yezinto eziphilayo ezivela kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana ezingazange zibole ngokupheleleyo.
Kwi-hemisphere esemantla, i-permafrost igubungela malunga I-15% yomphezulu woMhlaba, ifikelela malunga ne-24% ukuba iindawo ezingaqhubekiyo zibandakanyiweIfumaneka kakhulu eSiberia, eAlaska, emantla eKhanada, eGreenland nakumathafa aphakamileyo anjengeTibet, kwakunye nemimandla yeentaba kwezinye izibanzi apho ingqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo iwugcine uzinzile.
Lo maleko usebenza njengenene 'iglu' egcina umhlaba ubambene kwaye uzinzileXa ingumkhenkce, iqinisa umhlaba kwaye ixhase izakhiwo, iindlela, imibhobho, imibhobho, kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezakhiwe phezu kwayo. Lo mzuzu unyibilika, loo mhlaba unokonakala, uzike, okanye utyibilike, ube neziphumo ezithe ngqo kuyo yonke into eyakhiwe phezu kwawo.
Ngaphakathi, i-permafrost igcina izixa ezikhulu kakhulu ikhabhoni ikwimo yeentsalela zezinto eziphilayo ezikhenkcezisiweyoOlona phando lwakutsha nje luqikelela ukuba iqulethe malunga ne-1.500 yeegigatons zekhabhoni, phantse kabini yonke ikhabhoni ekhoyo ngoku emoyeni. Ngomnye “weengxilimbela” ezinkulu zemozulu yoMhlaba.
Ukunyibilika okukhawulezileyo: iArctic ifudumala ngokukhawuleza
Enye yezona nkalo zothusayo ezichazwe kwiindaba zakutshanje zokusingqongileyo kukuba IArctic ishushu ngokuphindwe kathathu ukuya kahlanu kunomlinganiselo wehlabathiOku kufudumala kwandisiweyo kuthoba ngokukhawuleza i-permafrost kunye nokwandisa amaxesha apho umphezulu womhlaba uhlala unyibilikile.
Indawo ephezulu ye-permafrost, eyaziwa ngokuba "umaleko osebenzayo"Inyibilika qho ehlotyeni ize iphinde ibe ngumkhenkce ebusika. Ngokutshintsha kwemozulu, lo maleko osebenzayo uya usiba nzulu kwaye uhlala kwindawo engamanzi ixesha elide, uququzelela ukuhamba kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwaye uguqula kakhulu i-hydrology yomhlaba.
Kwangaxeshanye, ukwanda kwemvula, ngakumbi kwi ECanada ephezulu ArcticOku kuyenza mandundu ingxaki. Ukuntywila kwamanzi angaphezulu kwamanzi kuthetha umthamo omkhulu wokunyibilikisa nokuthwala izinto ebezivalelwe ngaphambili zaze zavalwa ngumkhenkce. Le ndibaniselwano yobushushu kunye nemvula eninzi ilungisa ngokupheleleyo iindlela ezilandelwa ngamanzi ngaphantsi komphezulu.
Le nkqubo ayigcini nje ukwandisa ukungazinzi kwendawo, kodwa iphinda ivelise iindlela ezintsha zokuhamba phantsi komhlaba La majelo adibanisa iindawo ezazifudula zishushu zongcoliseko nemisinga, amachibi kunye nemilambo yalo mmandla. Into ebimile kumashumi eminyaka ngoku iqala ukuba yinxalenye yomjikelo wamanzi osebenzayo kunye ne-ecosystem.
Ityala le-BAF-3: ukungcoliseka komkhosi kwi-Canadian High Arctic
Ukufunda University of McGillUphononongo, olupapashwe kwijenali yeeNkqubo zeHydrological kwaye ikhokelwa ngumphandi uSelsey Stribling phantsi kweliso likaJeffrey McKenzie, igxile kwindawo ethile kakhulu emantla eCanada: isikhululo seradar. IBAF-3, esikwiSiqithi saseBrevoort, kwintsimi yaseNunavut.
BAF-3 yinxalenye Inkqubo yesilumkiso eseMantlaInethiwekhi ye-radar ekhuselayo, ilifa loyilo lomkhosi weMfazwe ebandayo, isasebenza, kodwa isiseko sinomthwalo onzima: sesinye sezixhobo. 21 Iindawo zeradar zaseKhanada zelo xesha zihlala zingcolisekile ngenxa yenkunkuma yemizi-mveliso neyomkhosi eqokelelwe kumashumi eminyaka.
Iqela lezenzululwazi lihlalutye ukuziphatha kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kule ndawo, ukudibanisa idatha yentsimi kunye nokulinganisa usebenzisa imodeli. I-SUTRA 4.0Isixhobo samanani esivumela ukufundwa kokuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokuthuthwa kwe-solute, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iinkqubo zokukhenkceza kunye nokunyibilika. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, badibanise uqikelelo lwemozulu ukuya kuthi ga kunyaka wama-2100 ngokusekwe kwimiba IPCC.
Iziphumo zemodeli zibonisa ukuba Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nemvula kuyitshintsha ngokunzulu amandla omoya oshukumayo ongaphantsi komhlabaNjengoko i-permafrost inyibilika, iindlela ezintsha zivuleleka kumanzi alulwelo, anokuthi adlule kwiindawo ebezivalwe ngumkhenkce ngaphambili aze adibane nomhlaba ongcolisekileyo kunye nemathiriyeli.
NgokukaStribling, ezi zingcolisi “zihlale zingashukumi kwaye zinomkhenkce kwimo engqongileyo amashumi eminyaka,” kodwa ngoku, umaleko osebenzayo unzulu kunye ne-permafrost ihlehla, Iindlela eziphantsi komhlaba zivela ezivumela ukuhamba kwazo ngokuqhubekayo.Isiphumo sesokuba isinyithi, iihydrocarbons, kunye nenye inkunkuma yemizi-mveliso iqala ukufudukela kwimijelo ekufutshane kunye nemithombo yamanzi.
Iziza ezingaphezu kwama-2.500 ezingcolisekileyo kwiCanadian Arctic
Imeko ye-BAF-3 yincam nje ye-iceberg. Kuyo yonke i Zingaphezu kwama-2.500 iindawo ezingcolisekileyo ezichongiwe kwiCanadian Arctic.Uninzi lwazo lunxulunyaniswa nemisebenzi yefektri, ukusebenza kwe-oyile kunye negesi, okanye iziseko zomkhosi zakudala zeMfazwe ebandayo ngoku ezilahliweyo okanye ezingasetyenziswanga.
Kangangeminyaka, bekucingelwa ukuba le nkunkuma ayimelanga ingozi ekhawulezileyo ngenxa yokuba ipermafrost isebenze 'njengetywina elingangeni moya'Umhlaba onomkhenkce nozinzileyo wawuthintela ungcoliseko ukuba ungafikeleli kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwaye wawugcina izinto eziyityhefu ziqulathe. Loo mvakalelo yobuxoki yonqabiseko iya isiba mandundu ngokukhawuleza.
McKenzie, unjingalwazi kwiSebe loMhlaba kunye neSayensi yePlanethi, ulumkisa ukuba ngezinga langoku lokufudumala kweArctic,Izinto ezingcolisayo zinokuqalisa ukuhlanganisana unyaka wonke."ekubeni amanzi alulwelo ekhona kangangeenyanga ezininzi kwaye iindlela zokuhamba ngaphantsi komhlaba zihlala zisebenza nangaphandle kwehlobo."
Uphononongo kunye ne-SUTRA 4.0 lutyhila umjikelo okhohlakeleyo ophazamisayo: Ukonyuka kokushukuma kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, kwakhona, kukhawulezisa ukunyibilika kwe-permafrost ngokwayo.Oku kwenza nzulu umaleko osebenzayo kwaye kuvule nangakumbi iindlela zokuthutha izinto ezinobungozi. Oku komeleza umjikelo wokuwohloka apho ungcoliseko nokufudumala kudlana.
Konke oku kuzisa umngeni omkhulu wolungiselelo noqoqosho: uninzi lwezi sayithi zikwiindawo ezikude, ekunzima ukufikelela kuzo ezineemeko ezimandundu ezenza ukuba umsebenzi wokucoca ube neendleko ezinkulu. Ukulungiswa komhlaba namanzi angcolileyo kunokubiza iibhiliyoni zeerandi kwaye ifuna amashumi eminyaka omsebenzi olungelelanisiweyo phakathi koorhulumente, uluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye namaqela enzululwazi.
Imingcipheko kwi-ikhosistim, izilwanyana zasendle, kunye noluntu lwemveli
Iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo zokunyibilika kwe-permafrost azikhawulelwanga kubukho bezinto eziyityhefu kumhlaba ongaphantsi. Kumantla eKhanada, iingxelo zeendaba zendalo zibonisa inkxalabo ekhulayo ngekamva le I-Arctic kunye ne-subarctic ecosystemsngakumbi ngokubhekiselele kubulunga bamanzi kunye nempilo yezilwanyana zasendle.
Amanzi aqukuqela kwiindlela ezintsha eziphantsi komhlaba anokuthwala ungcoliseko ukuya ngakulo Amachibi, imilambo, nemisinga ezingundoqo ekufumaneni amanzi acocekileyoNangona kukho iinkqubo zokubeka iliso zokulawula amanzi okusela oluntu, kunzima kakhulu ukuvavanya ukuba ubukho besinyithi esinzima okanye i-hydrocarbons buya kuzichaphazela njani iintlanzi, ii-invertebrates kunye neentaka zamanzi, kunye nekhonkco lokutya lonke.
Uluntu lwemveli oluhlala kule mimandla luxhomekeke kakhulu kwi ukuloba, ukuzingela, kunye nokusebenzisa amanzi kwimithombo yasekuhlaleniUkuwohloka komgangatho wamanzi okanye i-ecosystem ye-ecosystem kunokukhokelela ekuphulukaneni nemithombo yokutya yesintu, iingxaki zempilo ezibangelwa kukuchanabeka kwi-toxins, kunye nokwanda kokuba sesichengeni kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho.
ECanada, umzekelo, ngaphambili i-oyile kunye negesi yemithombo okanye imisebenzi yoshishino Izakhiwo ezazivalwe kumhlaba omkhenkce ziqalisa ukonakala. Njengoko umhlaba uthamba kwaye uguquguquka, ezi zakhiwo zinokuqhekeka okanye zigxumeke, ziququzelele ukugqobhoza kwemichiza ephela kwiinkqubo zemilambo.
Indibaniselwano yomhlaba omanzi, okhukulisekileyo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko umhlaba ufana intlabathiOku, kunye nokudilika komhlaba okubangelwa kukunyibilika kwekhephu, kwenza kube nzima ukufikelela ngokwesiqhelo kwiindawo zokuzingela nezokuloba. Konke oku kunegalelo kwimeko apho i ukutya kunye nokhuseleko lwenkcubeko yabemi Arctic Isongelwa ngokucacileyo.
Iziseko zophuhliso kumda wayo: iisinki, iintanda kunye neendlela ezingahambekiyo
Ngaphaya kongcoliseko, ukunyibilika kwe-permafrost kubeka emngciphekweni Iziseko zophuhliso ezakhiwe kwiindawo ezibandayoKuqikelelwa ukuba malunga nezigidi ezithathu zabantu bahlala kwiindawo ezithandwa kakhulu kukuwohloka kwe-permafrost, uninzi lwabo lukwiindawo eziselunxwemeni, iidelta zemilambo okanye imimandla yeentaba apho umhlaba ubuthathaka kakhulu.
Izakhiwo, iindlela, oololiwe, imibhobho yamanzi negesi, kunye neentambo zombane zixhomekeke kuloo nto. umhlaba oqinileyo, onomkhenkce owawusebenza njengesiseko esizinzileyoXa umkhenkce unyibilika, umthamo womhlaba uyatshintsha, izikhewu zivela, umhlaba udibane ngokungalinganiyo, kwaye ukuthomalalisa kwenzeka okunokuqhekeza izakhiwo okanye kuzishiye ngokoqobo zijinga.
Kwezinye iindawo e-Alaska okanye eSiberia, izindlu zinokubonwa oko Bathambekele ngaphandle kwesilumkiso, iindlela ezigqwethekileyo, nothungelwano logutyulo oluyingozi.Ukulungisa olu hlobo lomonakalo akulula: ngokuqhelekileyo kuyimfuneko ukuyila kwakhona iziseko okanye ukuhambisa iziseko ezipheleleyo kwiindawo ezibuthathaka kakhulu, ngeendleko ezinkulu zezoqoqosho.
Ukongeza, imimandla emininzi esemantla ixhomekeke Iindlela zomkhenkce kunye nemilambo engumkhenkce yokuthutha iimpahla ezibalulekileyoUkuba umkhenkce ubumba kamva ekwindla, unyibilika ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, okanye ube buthathaka kakhulu, ixesha lokubonelela olu luntu liyancipha kakhulu okanye, kwimeko embi kakhulu, liyanyamalala.
Xa ezo ndlela zingahambeki, isiphumo sinokuba a kufutshane nokuba wedwa ngokupheleleyoUfikelelo olunqongophele kakhulu okanye olubiza kakhulu kumayeza, ukutya, amafutha kunye nezinye izinto ezisisiseko. Oku kunyanzelisa ukucinga ngokutsha okupheleleyo kolungiselelo kunye nokukhangela iindlela ezikhuselekileyo nezizinzileyo kumhlaba ongasaniki ziqinisekiso zozinzo lwexesha elidlulileyo.
Umjikelo okhohlakeleyo wekhabhoni: isigebenga semozulu
Impembelelo yehlabathi yokunyibilika kwe-permafrost idlulela ngaphaya kwemimandla yencam yomhlaba. Njengoko into ebikade ingumkhenkce inyibilika, iintsholongwane zomhlaba ziyaqalisa yibolise kwaye ikhuphe ikharbon diokside (CO₂) kunye nemethane (CH₄), iigesi ezimbini ezinamandla zegreenhouse.
IMethane, ngokukodwa, ine- Amandla okufudumala kwe-atmospheric malunga namaxesha angama-28 amakhulu kune-CO₂ ngaphezulu kweminyaka elikhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba nezinto ezincinci ezikhutshwa yimethane ezikhutshwayo zinokuba neempembelelo ezingalinganiyo ekunyukeni kobushushu behlabathi, ngakumbi kwixesha elifutshane neliphakathi.
Le nkqubo ibeka ngokucacileyo iluphu yengxelo yemozuluUkufudumala kwehlabathi kunyibilika ngakumbi i-permafrost; i<em>permafrost enyibilikisiweyo ikhupha iigesi ezingakumbi ze<em>greenhouse; ezi zonyusa ngakumbi ubushushu kwaye zikhawulezise ukunyibilika kwakhona. Ukuba lo mjikelo uyaqina, unokujongela phantsi umzamo omkhulu wamazwe ngamazwe wokunqanda ukufudumala kwiindawo ekujoliswe kuzo ezibekwe kwizivumelwano zemozulu.
Uphando olupapashwe kwiijenali eziphambili ezifana indalo Iinkqubo zeNational Academy of Sciences zigxininisa ukuba ishumi ngalinye elongezelelweyo kwiqondo lobushushu behlabathi linyusa umlinganiselo wekhabhoni ephuma kwi-permafrost. Ngoko ke, kuthathwa njengenye yezinto ezinokusisondeza kwizinto ezithile amanqaku angabuyiyo kwinkqubo yemozulu.
Okwangoku, akukho teknoloji inkulu ekwaziyo "ukuphinda ikhenkceze" le mimandla mikhulu okanye imise ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo yomzimba. Ubuchule bubandakanya ikakhulu ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwangoku kwe-CO₂ kunye nezinye iigesiukuze imozulu izinze kunye nokunyibilika ngakumbi kukhawulelwe kangangoko kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.
Iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane zakudala, kunye neengozi zempilo ezivelayo
Esinye isihloko esiya singena ngakumbi kwiindaba zokusingqongileyo sinokwenzeka ukuvela kwakhona kwezilwanyana ezincinci zamandulo ezivaleleke kwi-permafrostKweyona maleko inzulu nendala, iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane zokungunda, kunye neentsholongwane ezingaziwayo kwisayensi yanamhlanje zinokuphila.
Ngomkhenkce onyibilikayo, ezi zixhobo zebhayoloji zinokukhutshelwa phezu komhlaba okanye kumanzi akufutshane, zidale iingozi zempilo ekunzima ukuzicingela. Ezinye izifundo, ezipapashwe kwiijenali ezikhethekileyo ezifana Unxibelelwano loMhlaba nokusiNgqongileyoBacebisa ukuba ii-pathogens ezithile zinokugcina okunye ukusebenza kwazo emva kwamawaka eminyaka engumkhenkce.
Oku akuthethi ukuba siza kubona kwangoko ubhubhane obangelwa yintsholongwane yangaphambili, kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba kukho inkalo enkulu yokungaqiniseki kwimpilo yoluntuEzinye iintlobo zezilwanyana zinokusebenza njengee-vectors eziphakathi, okanye usulelo lwendawo lunokuthi lwenzeke kwiindawo zokuhlala ezisesichengeni sokudibana nomhlaba ophazamisekileyo kunye namanzi.
Amagunya ezempilo kunye namaqela enzululwazi aqala ukubandakanya le nto kuvavanyo lwabo lomngcipheko, ngakumbi kwimimandla apho Uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo kwindawo yendalo lubukhali kwaye luqhelekileyo.Ukubeka iliso kubulunga bebhayoloji yamanzi kunye nokutya okuthile kwasendle kunokuba yinto ephambili kakhulu kumashumi eminyaka ezayo.
Kwangaxeshanye, umkhenkce onyibilikayo unokuzisa ukukhanya kweendawo zokulahla inkunkuma ezindala, izidumbu zezilwanyana ezosulelekileyo, kunye neentsalela zamaziko onyango okanye asemkhosini. imbali yokuvezwa kwi-agent yebhayoloji okanye yeekhemikhali, eyongeza omnye umaleko wobunzima kulawulo lokusingqongileyo kwintsimi.
I-Permafrost, amanzi kunye nokhuseleko lwamanzi eCanada
ECanada, ikhonkco phakathi kwe-permafrost kunye nomgangatho wamanzi iye yaba yintloko yokwenyani kubaphathi kunye noluntu. Njengoko umhlaba unyibilika, Yandisa amathuba okuba izinto ezingcolisayo ezindala ziphelele emilanjeni nasemachibini. ezibonelela ngabantu kunye nezilwanyana zasendle.
Iingcali zenzululwazi zigxininisa ukuba ukujonga umphezulu wokubaleka okubonakalayo akwanele. Kubalulekile ukuba... hlalutya ukusasazwa komphezulu ongaphantsi kongcoliseko ngamanzi aphantsi komhlabaenokuthutha izinto kwiikhilomitha ezininzi ukusuka kwindawo yemvelaphi kwaye izenze zibonakale kwiindawo apho kungekho mntu ulindeleke ukufumana amanqanaba aphezulu esinyithi okanye iikhompawundi eziyityhefu.
Ngoko ke, uhlolisiso lwakutshanje luncomela oko Iimodeli zolawulo lwemozulu kunye namanzi zahlula ngokucacileyo phakathi kwamachibi nemilamboZombini iintlobo zemithombo yamanzi ziphendula ngokwahlukileyo ekungeneni kwezinto ezingcolisa umoya: amachibi athanda ukuqokelela izinto ixesha elide, ngelixa imilambo inokubachithachitha ngokukhawuleza kwindlela yabo.
Kuluntu lwemveli kunye nasemaphandleni asemantla, axhomekeke kakhulu amanzi asekuhlaleni kunye nezibonelelo zokulobaNaluphi na utshintsho kumgangatho wamanzi luneziphumo ezithe ngqo kwimpilo kunye nokutya. Ubukho betyhefu kwiintlanzi nakwezinye izilwanyana zasemanzini bunokuthabatha ixesha ukuze bubonwe, nto leyo eyenza kube yimfuneko ngakumbi ukomeleza iinkqubo zokubeka iliso.
Abasemagunyeni baseKhanada kunye namaqela ophando ayavuma ukuba ibalulekile ukwandisa ukuqokelelwa kwedatha esisisekoIdatha yekhemikhali, ye-hydrological, kunye ne-ecology ibalulekile ekuyileni izicwangciso ezinokwenzeka zokwenyani. Ngaphandle kolwazi lokuqala oluvakalayo, nasiphi na isicwangciso solawulo siya kusilela okanye siphunyezwe emva kwexesha kakhulu.
I-Permafrost kwingxoxo malunga nemigodi kunye ne-glaciers eChile
Indima ye-permafrost ayiphelelanga kwi-Arctic. Kumazwe asezintabeni njengeChile, kubonakala kunxibelelene nengxoxo malunga... ukhuseleko lomkhenkce kunye nomsebenzi wemigodi emikhuluApho, i-Mining Council (CM), edibanisa iinkampani ezinkulu kwicandelo-kuquka i-Codelco yaseburhulumenteni-, ithi imigodi inokuhambelana nokugcinwa kwezi zixhobo zomkhenkce.
IChile, ngokungafaniyo neArgentina, isekhona Ayinamthetho ovunywe ngokupheleleyo, okhethekileyo womkhenkce.Lo mthetho ucetywayo umiswe kwiNdlu yeeNgwevu iminyaka. Esi siphakamiso siquka ukubhengeza imikhenkce kunye ne-permafrost asethi yesizwe ukuze isetyenziswe luluntu kunye nokubeka izithintelo ezicacileyo kwimisebenzi ethile, into icandelo lezemigodi liyijonga njengengqongqo ngokugqithisileyo.
IBhunga lezeMigodi lixoxa ngelithi Ukutshintsha kwemozulu sesona sisongelo kwimikhenkce Kwaye ukuba ukuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kwemigodi kule ndawo akuqinisekisi ulondolozo lwayo ngokwalo. Ngokwembono yabo, indlela ecandeke kakhulu iyafuneka, leyo ithathela ingqalelo igalelo lezemigodi kwi-global decarbonization ngokunikezela ngezimbiwa eziphambili zamandla acocekileyo.
Icandelo ligxininisa ukuba Iiprojekthi zangoku ziyilelwe ukuthintela iimpembelelo ezithe ngqo kwimikhenkce Bagxininisa ukuba, ngokwembali, iimeko ezibhaliweyo zempembelelo zilinganiselwe ikakhulu kwimikhenkce yamatye kunye neendawo ezincinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nendawo yomkhenkce yaseChile iyonke.
Nangona kungekho mthetho ucacileyo malunga nomkhenkce, oku kulandelayo kuyasetyenziswa eChile: Uvavanyo oluneenkcukacha lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwiiprojekthi ezinokuchaphazela ezi ntaba zomkhenkce. Ukusukela ngo-2010, uMthetho Jikelele wokusiNgqongileyo ufuna ukuba naliphi na inyathelo elikufutshane nemikhenkce lenze uVavanyo lweMpembelelo yokuSingqongileyo (EIA) ngaphakathi kweNkqubo yoHlolo lweMpembelelo yokuSingqongileyo (SEIA), imfuneko eqiniswe yimigaqo elandelayo.
Ukhuseleko lwamatyala, uluhlu lwempahla kunye nemimiselo emitsha eChile
IBhunga lezeMigodi lithethelela ukuba kujongwe uvandlakanyo lwemeko nganyeEndaweni yokuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuqhelekileyo, ithi ayizizo zonke ii-glaciers-eziveziweyo, ezigqunyiweyo, okanye ezinamatye-ezizalisekisa imisebenzi efanayo ye-hydrological, i-ecological, okanye i-landscape, ngoko umgangatho wokukhusela kufuneka ulungelelaniswe kwimeko nganye ethile.
Ngaloo ndlela, kugxininiswa ukuba imikhenkce ethile yamatye inegalelo Banobutyebi obuncinane bamanzi kwaye basabela ngokucothayo kutshintsho lobushushu.Oku, ngokutsho kweshishini, kungathethelela unyango olwahlukileyo xa kuthelekiswa nomkhenkce ovezwayo wamanzi amakhulu okanye ixabiso lendalo.
Icandelo lezemigodi likwagxininisa ukuba inxalenye enkulu yomkhenkce waseChile—ngaphezu kwe-100% yommandla ongaphezulu ugqunywe ngumkhenkce. 80%- sele iphantsi kolunye uhlobo lokhuseleko olusemthethweni, njengeepaki zelizwe okanye iindawo ezikhuselweyo ezilawulwa nguRhulumente. Ukongeza, uhlaziyo lwakutsha nje kwiKhowudi yaManzi kunye noMthetho weNkqubo-sikhokelo yoTshintsho lweMozulu, ukususela ngo-2022, komeleza ukukhuselwa kwezi zixhobo.
IKhowudi yaManzi, umzekelo, iyakwalela ukunika amalungelo amatsha amanzi kwindawo yomkhenkceLo mlinganiso uye wamkelwa esidlangalaleni liBhunga lezeMigodi ngokwalo. Ngaphaya koko, iPublic Glacier Inventory (IPG 2022), equlunqwe liCandelo loLawulo Jikelele leMithombo yaManzi, irekhoda ngaphezu kwe-26.000 yomkhenkce enommandla omalunga ne-21.000 km², ibonelela ngesiseko solwazi esiyimfuneko ukuze kucwangciswe.
Kulo mongo, ingxoxo eChile ibonisa ngokucacileyo indlela I-Permafrost kunye ne-glaciers yinxalenye yeengxoxo ezibanzi Ngokubhekiselele kwiimodeli zophuhliso, ukhuseleko lwamanzi, kunye nokutshintshwa kwamandla, amava ngamazwe ngamazwe akhankanywe kwishishini abonisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukulungelelanisa imigodi kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-glacier phantsi kwemigangatho yokusingqongileyo efunwayo, nangona uxinzelelo oluqinileyo lwentlalo kunye nezopolitiko luhlala luhlala malunga nendawo yokutsala umgca.
Yintoni ecelwayo: ukuchongwa, ukubeka iliso, kunye nezicwangciso zokuvela
Izifundo ezahlukeneyo kunye nohlahlelo kwi-permafrost, zombini kwi-Canadian Arctic nakweminye imimandla ebandayo, ziyavumelana ngemigqaliselo emininzi ephambili yesenzo. Eyokuqala yi ukuchongwa okubanzi kunye nokwenza imephu yeziza ezosulelekileyo okanye ezinokuba sesichengeni ukuya ekunyibilikeni kwe-permafrost, ukusuka kwiziza zomkhosi zakudala ukuya kwimithombo ye-hydrocarbon kunye neendawo zokulahla kwimizi-mveliso.
Xa sele ifunyenwe, iingcali zicebisa Phuhlisa izicwangciso zengozi ezingapheleli nje ekulungiseni ukuchitheka okubonakalayokodwa kwanokusasazwa kongcoliseko ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba neenkqubo zemilambo. Oku kubandakanya ukudibanisa idatha yendawo, iimodeli zamanani ezifana ne-SUTRA 4.0, kunye noqikelelo lwemozulu lwexesha elide.
Enye into ephambili kukugcina a irekhodi ehlaziyiweyo nefikelelekayo yayo yonke imithombo engcolisekileyongolwazi malunga nemeko yabo, iingozi ezinokubakho, kunye namanyathelo okulungisa aqhubekayo. Ngaphandle kwezi ntlobo zoluhlu lweempahla, akunakwenzeka ukulungelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo esebenzayo okanye ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko zonxunguphalo.
Ehlabathini lonke, kukho ukutyhala ukuqinisa ukubeka iliso kwisathelayithi kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenzwa ezikude ukwenza imephu yokunyibilika kunye nokufumanisa utshintsho olufihlakeleyo kumhlaba, kunye nophuhliso lweemodeli zemozulu ezidibanisa ngokucacileyo ukuhamba kwekhabhoni ukusuka kwi-permafrost.
Ngaxeshanye, iiprojekthi ezilingwayo ziyaphononongwa ukubuyiselwa kweArctic ecosystemsImizekelo ibandakanya ukwaziswa okanye ukuqaliswa kwakhona kwezilwanyana ezinkulu ezitya utyani ezixinene ikhephu kwaye ezinokunceda ukugcina amaqondo obushushu asezantsi emhlabeni. Nangona la manyathelo asekuqaleni esekwisigaba sovavanyo, abonakalisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yezisombululo ezitsha kwingxaki evela ngokukhawuleza.
Yonke into eyenzekayo kunye ne-permafrost ipenda umfanekiso apho isayensi, ezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho, kunye nobulungisa bokusingqongileyo ziyadibana.Ukusuka kwiziseko zomkhosi zeMfazwe ebandayo ezikhupha izinto ezingcolisa iCanadian High Arctic ukuya kwingxoxo-mpikiswano yaseChile malunga nendlela yokudibanisa imigodi kunye nokhuseleko lomkhenkce, kunye nokusuka kwisoyikiso sekhabhoni ebanjiweyo ukuya kwimingcipheko yempilo eyayanyaniswa neentsholongwane zamandulo, isantya sokufudumala kweArctic, isixa esikhulu sekhabhoni egcinwe phantsi komhlaba onomkhenkce, kunye nesiphazamiso esisesichengeni soluntu lwephazili. Into esigqiba ekubeni siyenze namhlanje malunga nezinto ezikhutshwayo, isicwangciso sokusetyenziswa komhlaba, kunye nokubeka iliso kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba sinekamva elilawulekayo okanye elingazinzanga ngakumbi.
