Namhlanje kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuvelisa amandla kwinkunkuma yazo zonke iintlobo. Ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma njengemithombo yokuvelisa amandla yindlela efanelekileyo yokonga kwizinto eziluhlaza kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwi-fuel fuels, emele ingxaki enkulu yokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni dioxide.
Umzekelo woku ngu Ujongilanga wasemexican (Tithonia diversifolia), uhlobo oluhlaselayo kwimimandla emininzi yehlabathi, ngakumbi eAfrika, eOstreliya nakwezinye iziqithi ezikuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Nangona esi sityalo sisisongelo kwiintlobo zezityalo ezihlala kuloo mimandla, abaphandi baseNigeria baye bafumana indlela entsha yokusisebenzisa: ukuveliswa kwegesi ephilayo. Ngokuxuba inkunkuma yeenkukhu kunye nenkunkuma ye-sunflower yaseMexico, bakwazile ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-biogas eveliswayo.
Ukuvelisa i-biogas kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle
Ukuveliswa kwe-biogas kwi-droppings yenkukhu kunye nojongilanga baseMexico kuyinzuzo enkulu. Kwelinye icala, kusetyenziswa inkunkuma evela kwiifama zeenkukhu, ukunciphisa ungcoliseko eziluvelisayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxaki ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo ihlaselwa: ukulawulwa kweentlobo eziphazamisayo ezifana ne-sunflower yaseMexico, ekhupha izityalo zendawo.
Uphononongo lokuveliswa kwegesi ephilayo kwinkunkuma yezityalo neyezilwanyana sele lwenziwe eNigeria naseTshayina. Isitshixo kwezi zifundo yi ukucola ukutya, oko kukuthi, ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zenkunkuma ukunyusa imveliso ye-biogas. Kule meko, izifundo eziqhutywe yiYunivesithi yaseLandmark kunye neYunivesithi yoMnqophiso eNigeria, epapashwe kwijenali Amandla kunye neFutha, qinisekisa ukuba i-sunflower yaseMexico inamandla amakhulu okuvelisa i-biogas xa idibene nenkunkuma yeentaka kwaye iphantsi konyango lwangaphambili.
Ukusebenzisa le ndibaniselwano kunenzuzo ephindiweyo kuba inceda ukulawula inkunkuma ephuma kwiifama zeenkukhu kwaye inqande ukwanda kwesityalo esithathwa njengento ehlaselayo kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Ngokutsho kweengcali, Ujongilanga waseMexico ugxotha iintlobo zengingqi kwaye uchaphazela iindawo zendalo ezikhuselweyo, emele isoyikiso esiyingozi kwizinto eziphilayo ezikwiindawo ezinobuzaza.
Unyango lwangaphambili: Isitshixo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle
Ukwetyiswa kwenkunkuma ephilayo akuyonkqubo intsha, kodwa uphononongo lwamva nje lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma. unyango lwe-thermo-alkaline kwangaphambili phambi kokuba ukugaywa kwe-anaerobic kuphucula kakhulu isivuno se-biogas. Olu nyango lwangaphambili lubandakanya ukubeka inkunkuma kubushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko ezithile ze-alkalinity, eziququzelela ukubola kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinto eziphilayo kunye nokwandisa umthamo we-methane eveliswayo, icandelo eliphambili le-biogas.
Uphononongo eNigeria lugqibe ekubeni ukusebenza kwe-biogas kuphuculwe ukuya kuthi ga 54,44% ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kolu nyango xa kuthelekiswa nenkunkuma engazange yenzeke kwinkqubo efanayo. Oko kukuthi, umthamo wamandla afunyenweyo wawumkhulu kakhulu xa kusetyenziswe unyango lwangaphambili, into ebalulekileyo ukuba sifuna ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezi zixhobo zokuvelisa amandla ngekhabhoni ephantsi.
Ukufumana ezi ziphumo, ibhalansi yamandla yenziwe ukugqiba ukuba amandla atyalwe kwinkqubo ayengaphantsi kwamandla afunyenwe ekupheleni kwayo. Idatha ibonise a ibhalansi yamandla entle, oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo inenzuzo. Amandla afunyenweyo agqithise kakhulu amandla asetyenziswe kunyango lwangaphambili, kuhlobo lwamandla obushushu kunye nawombane.
Ukubaluleka kwenkunkuma yeenkukhu kwimveliso ye-biogas
Los inkunkuma yeenkukhu Zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-biogas xa zidityaniswe nezityalo ezifana nojongilanga waseMexico. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba le nkunkuma iqulethe izondlo ezinokuthi, ukuba azilawulwa kakuhle, zibe yingozi kwindalo. Phakathi kwezi zingcolisi zikho iihomoni, ii-antibiotics, isinyithi esinzima kunye nezondlo enokungena emhlabeni nakwimithombo yamanzi, ibangele iingxaki zongcoliseko.
Ukusebenzisa olu hlobo lwenkunkuma ukuvelisa i-biogas ayisombululi kuphela ingxaki yokuqokelela kwayo, kodwa inika isisombululo esinenzuzo nesizinzileyo kwimveliso yamandla. Kodwa enye yezona zinto zifunyanisiweyo zibalulekileyo kukuba ngelixa inkunkuma yeenkukhu iyodwa ingenangeniso, indibaniselwano yayo nezityalo, njenge-sunflower yaseMexico, inyusa kakhulu inzuzo yayo.
Impembelelo yezityalo ezihlaselayo kweminye imimandla
Ukusetyenziswa kwezityalo ezihlaselayo kwimveliso ye-biogas akuphelelanga eNigeria. Kwamanye amazwe anjengeMexico neTaiwan, iindlela zokusebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo ezihlaselayo ukuvelisa i-biofuels nazo ziyaphandwa. Umzekelo ngu camalote okanye ihyacinth yamanzi (I-Eichhornia crassipes), enye into ehlaselayo ekhula ngokukhawuleza emanzini. Olu hlobo lwezityalo lusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa biomethane y ethanol, enikezela ngesisombululo sasekhaya nesizinzileyo kwingxaki yehlabathi.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezityalo ezihlaselayo kubonisa ithuba elilodwa lokujongana nale ngxaki ingxaki yongcoliseko lwezityalo kwaye, kwangaxeshanye, uvelise amandla acocekileyo. Ezi zityalo zinokukhula ngaphandle kwemfuneko yolawulo olunzulu, nto leyo ezenza zibe ngumthombo ofikelelekayo kunye nobuninzi be-biomass.
Eminye imizekelo ye-co-digestion: Iifama zasefektri eYurophu
EYurophu, ngakumbi eSpain, iiprojekthi ezahlukeneyo ze-biogas ziye zaqhutywa kusetyenziswa inkunkuma evela kwiifama zemizi-mveliso. Kwimimandla efana neCastilla-La Mancha, apho ukungcoliswa kwe-aquifers yi-slurry yingxaki ekhulayo, izityalo ze-biogas zisetyenziselwe ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezi zityalo ziyaqhubeka nokujongana nemingeni, efana nesidingo sokungenisa inkunkuma evela kweminye imimandla kunye neendleko eziphezulu zokuthutha inkunkuma ephilayo.
Ngaphandle kwale mingeni, i-biogas ibonakalise ukuba sisicombululo esisebenzayo kulawulo lodaka kunye nenye inkunkuma evela kulimo olunzima lwemfuyo, olunokuthi ngenye indlela lungcoliseke kakhulu.
Koomasipala abafana Ves Raft, apho umzi-mveliso we-biogas wafakelwa kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo, ubone ukuncipha kwabantu ngenxa yokufakelwa kwezi fama zinkulu, ebonisa ukuba nangona ubuchwepheshe be-biogas busebenza, iimpembelelo zentlalo nezoqoqosho kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.
Imiba ephambili yokuvelisa i-biogas esebenzayo
Impumelelo yemveliso ye-biogas ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi:
- Ulawulo lwenkunkuma: Qinisekisa ukuhamba rhoqo kwemathiriyeli ekrwada.
- Unyango lwangaphambili: Ukwetyisa kweAnaerobic kuphucula kakhulu xa kusenziwa unyango olusebenzayo lwangaphambili.
- Ibhalansi yamandla: Kubalulekile ukuba kubekho ulungelelwaniso lwamandla olulungileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe inzuzo yeprojekthi.
- Ukuncitshiswa kwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo: Dibanisa izenzo ezinciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse kunye nongcoliseko.
Ekugqibeleni, ukucolwa ngokubambisana kwenkunkuma yezityalo kunye nezilwanyana kuyindleko, i-ecological kunye nesisombululo esisebenzayo sokuvelisa i-biogas. Njengoko izifundo ezingakumbi ezifana nezo zaqhutywa eNigeria nase China ziqhubeka nokubonisa ukuba nokwenzeka kwayo, le ndlela yokusebenzela kusenokwenzeka ukuba yande ukuya kweminye imimandla eneengxaki ezifanayo.
Kwimeko yehlabathi apho ukuthomalaliswa kokutshintsha kwemozulu kuyeyona nto iphambili, i-biogas inika enye indlela ezinzileyo kumafutha efosili, ngelixa isombulula ezinye iingxaki ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo ezifana nolawulo lweentlobo ezihlaselayo.
Ibe luncedo kakhulu.Ubuntu buswele inkcubeko yendalo.Enkosi