I-COP30 eBelém ibuyisele phambili ingxoxo ebibonakala ngathi ivaliwe: indlela yokuguqula ukuzibophelela kweDubai kube yinyani. shiya ngasemva amafutha efosiliNangona isihloko sasingekho kwi-ajenda esemthethweni, umninimzi uthathe amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho lwamandla luyayeka ukuba sisithembiso esingacacanga kwaye sineziganeko ezicacileyo.
Ukususela ekuqaleni kwengqungquthela, iBrazil icele iinkokeli isicwangciso esibambekayo, ngenjongo yokwenza uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe luqhubele phambili utshintsho olucwangcisiweyo nolulungileyo oko kunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwi-oyile, igesi kunye namalahle, kwaye oko kukwenza ngendlela ehambelana nophuhliso lwamazwe asengozini.
Imaphu yendlela iyamila
Urhulumente waseBrazil, okhokelwa nguMphathiswa uMarina Silva, usebenza kunye namazwe amaninzi ukuphuhlisa isiphakamiso esiseka Amanyathelo aqinisekisiweyo okuphelisa amafutha efosiliUmbono okwangoku kusaxoxwa ngaphandle kweengxoxo ezisemthethweni, kunye nokwenzeka kokubandakanya kwisigqibo sokugqibela okanye njengesicatshulwa esongezelelweyo.
Iidrafti ezininzi sele zijikeleza phakathi kwabathunywa, kwaye ezinye amazwe esiqithi Bavakalise inkxaso yabo ngokubhala. Kukho umzekelo wombutho: kwenye iCOP yakutsha nje, isicwangciso sobuchule sokwandisa imali yemozulu kwavunyelwana ngaso saza saphuhliswa kunyaka olandelayo.
Inkxaso: IYurophu, iUnited Kingdom kunye neLatin America
I-United Kingdom, iJamani, iFransi, neDenmark ziphakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu athe xhasa inkqubo, ecaleni kwe Kholambiya kunye neKenya. Ukusuka eBerlin, uNobhala weLizwe wezeMozulu uye wabonisa ukuba ukuvumelana ngemephu yendlela eBelém kuya kuba umqondiso onamandla wezopolitiko ukukhawulezisa inguqu.
IColombia nayo ilungiselela isibhengezo esithile sokukhuthaza i ukulahlwa ngocwangco kwamafutha efosiliIsindululo, esifumana amandla kunye noorhulumente abaninzi, sijolise ekwakhiweni kobunzima obukhulu kunye nokuququzelela ukudityaniswa kwaso kumagalelo amiselwe kuzwelonke kwixesha elizayo (NDCs).
Imiqobo ye-Geopolitical kunye nokuchasana
Indlela ayicacanga. Abavelisi abakhulu, abafana namazwe akwi-Gulf, baye babonisa ukungafuni kulo naluphi na ulwimi olucebisa a ukupheliswa okucacileyo kwamafutha efosiliOkunye okuphonononga lo mba zizigqibo zakutsha nje kwiiforam zamazwe ngamazwe eziye zanqumamisa iinzame zokumisela irhafu yekhabhoni kumacandelo afana nolwandle.
Ngeli xesha, amazwe amaninzi asakhasayo athi inguqu ayinakwenziwa ngaphandle inkxaso-mali eyaneleyo, ukudluliselwa kweteknoloji kunye namaxesha alungelelaniswe kwiinyani zabo. Njengoko umthunywa wemozulu waseKenya washwankathela, umhlaba kufuneka uhambe ngokukhawuleza, kodwa «Awukwazi ukutshintsha izinto ngobusuku nje.«.
Uxinzelelo luyakhula, kwaye iSpeyin ingena emfazweni.
Iveki yokuqala ibone uqhanqalazo olukhulu kunye a Ingqungquthela yabantu efuna ukulahlwa kwamafutha eefosili kunye nokukhusela amalungelo oluntu oluchaphazelekayo. Olu xinzelelo lwentlalo lutyhala amabhongo amakhulu kunye nokuqukunjelwa kwesicatshulwa esihamba ngaphaya kwezibhengezo ezineenjongo ezilungileyo.
Kwinqanaba laseYurophu, i-EU ikhangelelwe ithuba lokufumana kwakhona ubunkokeli kunye noku Urhulumente waseSpain ukuze ikwazi ukusebenzisa ubunzima bayo bezopolitiko kwiingxoxo zothomalaliso. IMadrid ixhase amaphulo ezizwe ngezizwe ajonge ukuba a Isigaba sokuphuma sinobulungisa kwaye sinocwangco, kwaye ithatha inxaxheba kwiimanyano ezifana ne-BOGA (Ngaphandle kwe-Oli kunye neGesi), nangona umngeni kukuzisa ezo zikhundla entliziyweni yezigqibo zeCOP.
Ukuphela kwenkxaso-mali ye-fossil kunye ne-fiscal levers ezintsha
Kwiminyaka elishumi emva kweParis, izibonelelo zefosili ziyaqhubeka I-1,3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyakaKwaye utyalo-mali lwabucala oluqokelelweyo kweli candelo ukusukela ngo-2015 lufikelela kwi-7,9 yetriliyoni. Imibutho yentlalontle icela ukuba ezi zikhewu zivalwe kwaye ukuhamba kwemali kuqondiswe kwinguqu efanelekileyo.
Ipakethe yemilinganiselo yemali yokulungelelanisa imali karhulumente neyabucala kunye nentshukumo yemozulu iya isanda: Ukuphelisa izibonelelo zefosili, ukurhafiswa kweengeniso ezingaqhelekanga kwicandelo, ukulawula iiphothifoliyo zebhanki, kunye nokudala irhafu ekusetyenzisweni kwekhabhoni ngamandla, njenge Iinqwelomoya zeVIPAmazwe amaninzi sele ephonononga ezi zixhobo, kwaye kukho izindululo zokuzandisa ngendlela elungelelanisiweyo.
- Ukususwa okucwangcisiweyo kwe izibonelelo zefosili.
- aplicar iirhafu kwiingeniso ezingaqhelekanga yeenkampani zeoyile negesi.
- Ukulawula utyalo-mali lwemali ukuze kuthintelwe amaqamza efosili.
- Ukuphumeza amaxabiso athile ukuze ukuhamba ngeenqwelomoya okutofotofo kunye nokunye ukusetyenziswa kakhulu.
Indima yeG20 kunye nomsantsa wamabhongo
Uxanduva lwe-G20 lungundoqo: ludibanisa phantse I-80% yezinto ezikhutshwayo kunye ne-85% ye-GDP yehlabathi. Ukulandela iGlobal Balance Sheet, amazwe avumile ukuba ukugcina umda we-1,5°C uphila kufuneka anciphise ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo malunga ne-60% ngo-2035, izinto ezihlaziywa kathathu kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kabini e 2030.
Nangona kunjalo, izicwangciso zesizwe ezinikezelweyo azibandakanyi, kwiimeko ezininzi, izibophelelo ezicacileyo zokuphelisa amafutha efosili Kwaye akukho thagethi ezibaliweyo zohlaziyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Umngcipheko wokuqukumbela uxwebhu olunomfuziselo nje usetafileni ukuba akwenziwanga zigqibo ezibambekayo.
Iindlela: izinto ezikhutshwayo, incopho esondelayo, kunye nefestile yamathuba
IBhajethi yeCarbon yamva nje iqinisekisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwehlabathi kuhlala kuphezulu kwaye i-COâ‚‚ iyanda, kodwa ezinye iimpawu zibonisa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwencopho Oku kunokutshintsha ukuba ukwamkelwa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kuyakhawuleza. I-China, yomibini eyeyona mitter inkulu kunye nenkokeli kunikezelo lwamandla acocekileyo, ibonakalisa obu bunye.
EYurophu, amazwe amaninzi—kuquka ESpeyin, eFransi naseJamani- baye babonisa ukuba ukukhula koqoqosho kungancitshiswa kwi-greenhouse gas emissions. Nangona kunjalo, umsantsa phakathi kwezithembiso kunye nezenzo uyaqhubeka, kunyanzeliswa ukugxila kwi... Imihla, izigaba kunye nenkxaso-mali ukulahla amafutha efosili ngaphandle kokushiya nabani na ngasemva.
Ukuba i-COP30 iyakwazi ukuhlanganisa imephu yendlela engqinisisekayo, exhaswa luhlaziyo lwenkxaso-mali kunye nezixhobo ezihambelanayo zezemali, ukuzinikela kwaseDubai kuya kuyeka ukuba sisilogeni kwaye kube yinyani. ixesha lenguqu yokwenyani enendawo yobunkokeli baseYurophu kunye nendima esebenzayo yeSpain.
