Ukuba abezopolitiko eChile bayakwazi ukugcina ukuzibophelela kwabo, ilizwe lithatha inyathelo elikhulu kulo umgaqo-nkqubo wamandla ahlaziyekayo. I-Chile ibeke injongo enqwenelekayo yokususa ikhabhoni kuqoqosho ngo-2050. amandla acocekileyo, kodwa kwakhona inguqu yesakhiwo ebandakanya imingeni emininzi yobugcisa, yentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho.
Enye yeenjongo eziphambili kukunciphisa uphuhliso lwezityalo ezintsha ezisekwe ngamalahle, kumiselwa ukuba nayiphi na iprojekthi yolu hlobo kufuneka ibe nayo. ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni kunye neenkqubo zokugcina (CCS) okanye ubugcisa obulinganayo obunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo. Ukongezelela, isicwangciso siqwalasela ukuvalwa okuqhubekayo kwezityalo ezikhoyo ze-thermoelectric. Ngokoqikelelo lwe UMphathiswa wezaMandla waseChile, ilizwe lilindele ukuba ngaphezu kwe-70% ye-matrix yayo yamandla iya kusekelwe kumandla avuselelekayo ngo-2050.
Isigqibo sokuqalisa le nkqubo senziwe ngokubambisana ziinkampani eziphambili zombane zelizwe, ezifana ne-AES Andes, Colbún, Enel ne-Engie, kwaye yaxhaswa ngurhulumente. Enyanisweni, ngexesha likaMongameli uMichelle Bachelet, isivumelwano sasayinwa ukuba singakhi ezinye izityalo zamalahle ngaphandle kokukhutshwa kobuchwephesha bokubamba iteknoloji kunye nokukhawulezisa ukuvalwa kwezinto ezikhoyo.
Amanyathelo ahambelana neSivumelwano saseParis
Isicwangciso se-decarbonization saseChile sihambelana nezibophelelo ezifunyenwe kwi Isivumelwano saseParis. Ngokutsho kowayesakuba nguMphathiswa wezaMandla, uAndrés Rebolledo, iChile inakho iimeko ezizodwa kuphuhliso lwamandla ahlaziyekayo, ingakumbi ngenxa yobutyebi belizwe obuninzi belanga nomoya. “Sizibekele usukelo lokuba ngo-2050, phakathi kwe-70 kunye ne-90% ye-matrix yethu iya kwenziwa ngamandla avuselelekayo,” utshilo.
Le ndlela yethemba ibonakaliswe kwidatha yakutshanje: Ngo-2022, amandla ahlaziyekayo Besele bemele ngaphezu kwe-40% yokuveliswa kombane eChile, ukodlula amalahle. Olu lutshintsho olukhulu kwimeko ka-2014, xa eli nani lithe lafikelela kwi-7%.
Ukuqhubela phambili kunye nemingeni yamandla avuselelekayo
Okwangoku, amandla elanga ngowona aphuhliswe kweli lizwe, kunye neeprojekthi ezinkulu ezifana ne-El Romero Solar plant, eyayiyeyona inkulu kwiLatin America ngexesha lokusungulwa kwayo ngo-2016. Le mveliso ye-246 MWp iye yaba ngundoqo ukuphucula ukukhuphisana kwamandla acocekileyo.
Ukwanda kokuveliswa kombane ovela kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo akubanga luncedo nje kokusingqongileyo, kodwa kungqineke kunengeniso ethe chatha kwezoqoqosho. Ngokwengxelo yempembelelo yezoqoqosho, isityalo sase-El Romero Iza kuba negalelo elingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300 zeerandi kwiSambuku seMveliso yeLizwe (i-GDP) kubomi bayo obuluncedo, iphinda kabini inzuzo yomzi-mveliso wamalahle olinganayo.
Ukupheliswa kwamalahle ngenkqubela
Ngezityalo zamalahle ezisibhozo ezivaliweyo phakathi kuka-2019 kunye no-2023 kunye nezinye ezilishumi elinambini ezicwangcisiweyo ngo-2025, iChile iyasikhawulezisa isantya sayo ukuya kwi-decarbonization epheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izityalo ezisibhozo ubuncinane ezingekabinawo umhla wokuvala ekuvunyelwene ngawo, nto leyo emele omnye weyona miceli mngeni inkulu eChile kwixa elizayo.
Enye yezona meko zinzima yileyo ye Guacolda central, eyona ndawo inkulu yamandla okubaselwa ngamalahle elizweni, engekabinawo umhla omiselweyo wokuvala. Ifumaneka e-Huasco, 'indawo yedini', esi sityalo siphakamise inkxalabo malunga nefuthe laso lokusingqongileyo kunye nendima yaso kungcoliseko lwasekhaya. Uluntu olukufutshane nezi zityalo alujonganga kuphela iingxaki zempilo ezisuka kungcoliseko, njengezifo zokuphefumla, kodwa nokuxhomekeka kwezoqoqosho kula mashishini.
Ukuvalwa kwezityalo kunye namathuba okuguqula
Omnye wemibuzo emikhulu ngowokuba kuya kwenziwa ntoni na ngeziseko zophuhliso lwezityalo ezivalayo. Kulo mba, iChile inokukhuthazwa ziiprojekthi zamazwe ngamazwe. EJamani, umzekelo, izityalo zamalahle ziye zaguqulwa zaba iindawo zokugcina ezishushu. Okunye okusenokwenzeka okuphononongwayo kukusetyenziswa kwezi zityalo ukugcina amandla elanga ngeetyuwa ezinyibilikisiweyo. Ubuchwephesha buya kuvumela iChile ukuba yenze uninzi lwezixhobo zayo ezihlaziyiweyo ngelixa igcina inxalenye yeziseko ezikhoyo.
Enye inketho ephezu kwetafile kukuguqulwa kwezityalo zokuvelisa ihydrogen eluhlaza. Ngelixa le ndlela inika imingeni, ikwabonelela ngamathuba abalulekileyo okuphelisa ikhabhoni kumacandelo afana nezothutho kunye neshishini elinzima.
Imingeni yezentlalo nezoqoqosho
Ukuvalwa kwezityalo zamalahle, nangona kukuhle ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga indalo, nako kubangela imingeni kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho. Uninzi lweendawo ezifumaneka kuzo ezi zityalo zixhomekeke ngokwezoqoqosho kuzo ukuze ziphile. Ngokomzekelo, kummandla we-Huasco, abalobi basekuhlaleni kunye namafama baye bavakalisa inkxalabo malunga nendlela ukuguqulwa kwamandla okuchaphazela ngayo ubomi babo. Kubalulekile ukuba urhulumente ajongane nale miba esebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo ebandakanyayo enika amathuba engqesho kumacandelo afana nombane ohlaziyekayo.
Ukunciphisa ifuthe lentlalontle, urhulumente uye waseka “IKomiti yabaPhathiswa kwiNguquko yeNzululwazi yezeNtlalo”, eliquka iMinistment of Environmental, Energy, Development Social, Labour, Economic, Ministries and Health. Le komiti ijonge ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukuvalwa kwezityalo zamalahle kunye nokutshintshela kumandla acocekileyo kwenziwa ngokulinganayo nangobulungisa kulo lonke uluntu oluchaphazelekayo.
Abanye abantu, njengabo baseHuasco, babona ukwanda kwamandla elanga njengokukhanya kwethemba. Nangona kunjalo, inkxalabo iye yaphakanyiswa malunga nendawo yofakelo olukhulu lwelanga kufuphi neendawo zezolimo kunye neendawo zokuhlala, ezifuna ukucwangciswa okucokisekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungquzulwano olutsha lwentlalo aluveliswa.
Utshintsho oluya amandla ahlaziyekayo Ayibonisi kuphela uxanduva lokusingqongileyo, kodwa kunye nethuba lezoqoqosho eChile. Njengoko eli lizwe liqhubela phambili nesicwangciso salo sokuphelisa ikhabhoni, liza kujongana nemingeni, kodwa liza kuvula namathuba amatsha ophuhliso loqoqosho olukhuphisanayo, oluzinzileyo nolunobulungisa.