Ngaphambi kwe- amandla ahlaziyekayo, uluhlu lwezinto ezidityanisiweyo phakathi kwe uqoqosho, iintshukumo zabantu, utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nobuchwepheshe baye bavula inguqu yehlabathi jikelele yenkqubo yamandla. Oku kuvelise amathuba eshishini, umsebenzi kunye nengeniso yezoqoqosho ebekungacingelwanga ukuba ikwishumi leminyaka eyadlulayo, ixhaswe kwaye yamkelwa eluntwini phantsi kwezona zibhalwe zaziwayo: nokuzinza.
Ehlabathini lonke, Amazwe amaninzi atyala iibhiliyoni ekufakeni amandla avuselelekayo, ngenxa yeenzuzo ezicacileyo abazinikezelayo. Olu tyalo-mali aluphuculi nje ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, kodwa lunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha e-fossil, ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint. Sinokuyibona le nkqubela phambili kwingxelo I-Ren21 "Izinto eziHlaziywayo ngo-2015-INGXELO YOMIMO WONKE WONKE", ebonisa ukukhula okubonakalayo kwicandelo lamandla ahlaziyekayo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Utyalo-mali kumandla ahlaziyekayo ngo-2004-2014
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, utyalo-mali lwehlabathi kumafutha ahlaziyekayo namandla lukhule kakhulu kumazwe aphuhlileyo nasakhasayo. Ngo-2014, ISpeyin yayiphakathi kweenkokeli ezisixhenxe zehlabathi kumthamo wokuvelisa amandla ahlaziyekayo, ngakumbi kwicandelo lamandla amandla omoya. Nangona kunjalo, iminyaka emithathu edlulileyo ibone ukwehla kotyalo-mali, okusishiya sinomthamo ofanayo ofakiweyo.
Ngaphandle kokudodobala phakathi kowama-2012 no-2014, sisaqhubeka ukuba ngabavelisi abalungileyo bamandla ahlaziyekayo. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni xa singenako ukunyusa umthamo wethu wokuvelisa ngokutsha kwaye sithembele kusetyenziso lwamandla efosili ukuhlangabezana nemfuno?
ISpain kunye namandla avuselelekayo kwi-2015
Ingxelo ka Inethiwekhi yoMbane yaseSpain ka-2015 ibonisa ukuba, ngelishwa, ISpain isebenzise amandla amancinci anokuhlaziyeka kunye namalahle amaninzi kunye negesi xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo. Izizathu ziquka ukuguquguquka kwemveliso yehydraulic kunye nomoya, erekhode ukwehla nge-28,2% kunye ne-5,3% ngokulandelelanayo. Ngaphandle koku, amandla omoya ahlala engomnye wemithombo yombane ephambili ngeenyanga eziphambili ezifana noFebruwari noMeyi.
Impembelelo yokunyuka kokukhutshwa kweCO2
Ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili kukhokelela ekunyukeni ngokuthe ngqo Ukukhutshwa kwe CO2. Ngokutsho kweGreenpeace, kwi-2015 iSpain kwafuneka ihlawule ngaphezu kwe-100 yezigidi ze-euro ezongezelelweyo kumalungelo ekhabhoni ngenxa yokunyuka kokukhutshwa. Phakathi ko-2008 no-2012, ilizwe lichithe ngaphezu kwe-800 yezigidi ukuthenga la malungelo, nto leyo ebonisa ukunqongophala kotyalo-mali kwizinto ezinokuhlaziywa ngexesha leminyaka ebalulekileyo.
Le mali ibinokuthi ityalwe ekwandiseni ukuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo iye yachithwa nje ngokuhlawulela ilungelo lokungcolisa. Ukuba besityale imali ngokufanelekileyo phakathi kuka-2012 no-2014, namhlanje sinokuba sonwabela amandla amakhulu kumandla omoya namandla elanga, ngaloo ndlela sisindisa ezo zigidi kumalungelo eCO2 kwaye siphucule ngokubonakalayo indawo yethu yendalo.
Ipanorama 2016-2017
Nangona iinzame zokukhuthaza umgaqo-nkqubo wamandla ohambelanayo, i-2016 kunye ne-2017 kulindeleke ukuba ilandele indlela efanayo kwi-2015, kunye ne-stagnation ekuveliseni amandla avuselelekayo kunye nokwanda kokusetyenziswa kwamafutha e-fossil. Uluntu lusebenzisa umbane othe kratya nangakumbi, into ekhoyo ngoku isiseko esingenakukwazi ukuyilawula ngokuzinzileyo ngaphandle kotyalo-mali olubalulekileyo kumandla avuselelweyo.
Ikamva laseSpain kumandla avuselelekayo: imingeni kunye namathuba
Namhlanje, iSpain iyaqhubeka nokuba luphawu kumandla avuselelekayo, kodwa ukugcina obu bunkokeli kubalulekile ukoyisa imingeni yezoqoqosho neziseko zophuhliso. Ngokwengxelo ye-EY yamva nje, iSpain ihlala phakathi kwawona mazwe anomtsalane kutyalo-mali kumandla acocekileyo, emi ngaphandle kwezivumelwano zokuthenga amandla (PPA). Nangona kunjalo, imingeni efana nemiqobo yegridi yombane kunye neendleko eziphezulu zeziseko ezingundoqo zinciphisa inkqubela phambili.
Utyalo-mali kugcino lwamandla nazo ziyakhula, kunye ne-BESS ephucukileyo (iinkqubo zokugcina ibhetri) kuphuhliso. Ezi zibalulekile ukuphucula uzinzo kwigridi kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo okwethutyana afana nelanga nomoya. Umthamo wogcino lwebhetri uqikelelwa ukuba uza kuphinda-phindwe kane kwihlabathi jikelele ngo-2030, kwaye i-Spain nayo injalo kule ndlela.
Kummandla wokuvuselelwa kwe-thermal kunye nolwandle, utyalo-mali olubalulekileyo luyenziwa kuthungelwano lwe-geothermal, ukufudumeza kunye nokupholisa, kunye neeprojekthi zokubonisa amandla olwandle, ngokugxila okukhulayo kwi-biogas kunye namanye amafutha.
Itekhnoloji entsha njengehydrogen eluhlaza, nangona isabiza kakhulu, inika ithuba elikhulu. Ngotyalo-mali oludlula i-8.900 yeebhiliyoni zee-euro ezicwangcisiweyo ngo-2030, i-hydrogen eluhlaza inokwenza i-decarbonize amacandelo amashishini ekunzima ukuwafaka umbane.
ISpain isaqhubeka iyindawo enelungelo lokuya kuyo kutyalo-mali kumandla ahlaziyekayo ngenxa yemozulu encomekayo, indawo ecwangcisiweyo kunye notshintsho oluqhubekayo kwicandelo lamandla. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba urhulumente kunye neenkampani ziqhubele phambili ukutyala imali eninzi kwizinto ezinokuhlaziywa, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha enziwe ngefosili kunye nokubeka phambili iziseko zophuhliso ezaneleyo ukulungiselela ikamva lamandla elizwe.
ISpain ijongene nemiceli mngeni kodwa namathuba amahle. Ngenkxaso eyaneleyo kunye nombono ocacileyo wekamva, ilizwe lingazimanya njengenkokeli yehlabathi kutshintsho lwamandla olusingise kwimodeli ezinzileyo necocekileyo.