ISpain iphele unyaka ka-2025 ngesantya esincinci, kodwa esibalulekileyo, ukunyuka kwe-0,6% kwi-greenhouse gas emissions yayoukuya kuthi ga kwi-270 yezigidi zeetoni ze-CO2 ezilingana nayo. Ukwanda kuza emva kweminyaka emininzi yokunyuka nokwehla kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba ilizwe alikafumani ndlela icacileyo nezinzileyo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo.
Ngaphandle kwe- ukuqhubela phambili kumandla avuselelekayo, amanani exeshana aqokelelwe yi- Ukujonga ukujonga uzinzo (OS) zibonisa ukuba ukwehla okuqokelelweyo xa kuthelekiswa nowe-1990 akufikeleli kangako kwi-5,8%, umsantsa omkhulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nomgomo wokunciphisa ngama-32% ngo-2030 njengoko kuchaziwe kwiSicwangciso seSizwe saMandla kunye neMozulu esiDibeneyo (PNIEC). Ngamanye amazwi, isantya sangoku singaphantsi kakhulu koko kufunwa yimeko engxamisekileyo yemozulu kunye noko iSpain izibophelele kuko kwiManyano yaseYurophu.
Ibhalansi yokukhupha ukungcola engahambelani neenjongo zemozulu
Idatha ephethwe yi-OS ibeka ukukhutshwa kwe-2025 malunga Iitoni ezingama-270,04 ezigidi ze-CO2 ezilinganayo, xa kuthelekiswa nezigidi ezingama-286,7 ezirekhodwe ngo-1990 kunye nezigidi ezingama-436,3 ngo-2005. Xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, ukwehla yi-38,1%, kodwa ingqwalasela yeBrussels kunye ne-PNIEC ikwiminyaka esisiseko ka-1990, kwaye apho inguqu ayiphumeleli.
Ngokutsho kweengcali ezivela kwi-Observatory, ukufezekisa injongo ye-PNIEC kuya kufuna izinga lokunciphisa ngonyaka elikufutshane ne-5% okanye i-7% ngokuqhubekayo kude kube ngu-2030. Endaweni yoko, indlela yeshumi leminyaka elidlulileyo ibingaguquguquki: emva kokwehla ngo-2018, 2019 kunye nonyaka obalaseleyo ka-2020, ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo kuye kwanda kwakhona ngo-2021 nango-2022, kwehla ngo-2023, kwaye kwahlala ngo-2024 kwaye kuye inyuka kancinci kwakhona ngo-2025.
Ingxelo ye-OS ichaza ezi ziphumo ngolu hlobo “Okudanisayo” ngokunxulumene nezibophelelo zaseYurophu kunye nemeko yengxamiseko yemozulu. Ngokoluvo lwakhe, iSpain isiya phambili, unyaka nonyaka, kwindlela ehambelana neSivumelwano saseParis. nangona kukho intetho esemthethweni ngotshintsho lwemozulu.
Ababhali bakwabonisa ukuba amanani asemthethweni akakabandakanyi ngokucwangcisiweyo imithombo emininzi efanelekileyo yokukhupha ukungcolaOku kwenza imeko yokwenyani ibe buthathaka ngakumbi kunokuba izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zibonakala.
Ukucima kombane okukhulu ngo-Epreli kunye nokutshintsha ukuya kwigesi yendalo
Enye yezinto eziphambili zengxelo yile nto ibizwa ngokuba "Ukucima kobumnyama okukhulu" ekupheleni kuka-Epreli 2025Esi siganeko, esichazwe njengowona mbane mkhulu eYurophu kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, sabangela utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kulawulo lwenkqubo yombane ye-Iberian Peninsula kwaye saphawula utshintsho olukhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwamafutha efosili.
Emva kokucima kombane, impendulo evela kumlawuli kunye nomqhubi wenkqubo igxile kakhulu Ukuqinisa ukhuseleko lobonelelo ngezityalo zegesi yendalo ezijikelezayo ezidibeneyoOku kube yingozi ekudityanisweni kwamandla omoya kunye nelanga. Isiphumo soko yaba kukwanda okukhulu kokukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo kwicandelo lombane kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ombane.
I-Sustainability Observatory iqikelela ukuba ukunyuka kokukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo kwicandelo lamandla ngeetoni ezizigidi ezi-2,4, engaphezulu nge-9% kunangowama-2024. Kweli qela, icandelo lombane lelona lichaphazeleka kakhulu: ukukhutshwa kwalo kufikelele kwiitoni ezingama-29,5 ezigidi ze-CO2, kunye ne-9% ngaphezulu konyaka ophelileyo.
Izityalo zegesi yendalo ezidityanisiweyo zezona ziphambili ezibangela olu tshintsho. Ngokwengxelo, Ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo okunxulumene nezi zityalo zamandla kukhule ngama-26%.kunye neetoni ezongezelelweyo eziyi-3,7 yezigidi. Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa, kuqikelelwa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwegesi yendalo kwinkqubo ye-peninsula kwanda malunga ne-38% emva kokucima kombane, ngelixa Izixa ezinkulu zamandla avuselelekayo asele evelisiwe zazichithwa. ebengenakho ukulayishwa kwinethiwekhi.
Iingcali ezininzi ezibandakanyekileyo kolu phando, ezifana nengcali yezoqoqosho UJosé SantamartaBathetha “ngamanyathelo angacwangciswanga” ngumqhubi kunye nomlawuli, abakhethe “ukutshisa igesi engaphezulu” endaweni yokusebenzisa izisombululo zobugcisa ezintsonkothileyo eziya kubavumela ukuba basebenzise imveliso yomoya kunye ne-photovoltaic ekhoyo.
Izinto ezivuselelekayo ziyanda, kodwa azisetyenziswa ngokwaneleyo kwaye azinandawo yokugcina eyaneleyo
Okumangalisayo kukuba, u-2025 yayingunyaka we ukukhula kokuveliswa kwe-photovoltaic yelangaonyuke nge-12% waza wadibanisa obu buchwephesha phakathi kwemithombo ephambili yomxube wombane waseSpain. Umoya kunye namandla e-hydropower, okwangoku, ehle nge-4%, ngelixa amandla enyukliya ehle nge-1% kwaye ukuveliswa okufanayo nge-6%.
Ngedatha yexeshana, amandla omoya Waphinda wakhokela isakhiwo sesizukulwana malunga ne-22% yemveliso iyonke, kulandele inyukliya kunye ne-photovoltaic, zombini zinezabelo ezikufutshane ne-19%. Izityalo ezijikelezileyo ezidibeneyo zimalunga ne-17%, ngelixa amandla ombane ngamanzi ayemalunga ne-12% kwaye ukuveliswa okufanayo kuphantse kube yi-6%. Ukukhuthaza izixhobo ezivuselelekayo Oku kuchaza inxalenye entle yolu tshintsho lomxube.
Kwelinye icala, iCoal iqinisekisile ngokuqinisekileyo indima yayo encinci kwinkqubo yamandla yaseSpain. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwehle ngaphezulu kwama-50% xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2024, ngoku emele phantse I-0,6% yokuveliswa kombaneokuhluke kakhulu kubunzima eyayibuphethe kwiminyaka elishumi eyadlulayo. Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuqala, kuqikelelwa ukuba Amalahle ehle nge-12%. ngexesha lika-2025.
Nangona isabelo samandla avuselelekayo kumxube wamandla sifikelele malunga ne-56% ngokweziqikelelo ezivela kwiRed Eléctrica, ingxelo ye-OS igxininisa kwi inqanaba eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla omoya kunye ne-photovoltaic phakathi nonyaka. Ukungabikho kweenkqubo zokugcina ezaneleyo—iibhetri kunye nezityalo zokugcina ezimpompiweyo— kunye nolawulo lwegridi olungenakuguquguquka bekuya kunyanzelisa “ukumoshwa” kweminye yemveliso ecocekileyo ngexesha lemveliso ephezulu.
Ubuchwepheshe bokugcina obukhoyo buya kuvumela ukudityaniswa kwamandla amalunga ne-9,4 TWh kwinkqubo, inani elithathwa yi-Observatory njengelinganelanga ukufunxa zonke izinto ezivuselelekayo ezikhoyo kunye noko kulindeleke kwiminyaka ezayo ukuba ukufakelwa kwezixhobo zelanga nezomoya kuyakhawuleziswa.
Ioyile engakumbi kunye nothutho lwendlela olungakumbi: isithende sika-Achilles
Esinye isizathu esiphambili esichaza ukwanda kokukhutshwa kwegesi ngo-2025 kukuba ukusetyenziswa okwandisiweyo kweemveliso zepetroliyamngakumbi kwezothutho. Ukuza kuthi ga ngo-Okthobha, ukusetyenziswa kweoyile okulinganiswe kwi-ktoe kunyuke nge-1%, ngelixa igesi yendalo ikhule nge-5%. uthutho lwendlela Ihlala iyeyona nto iphambili.
Ngokohlobo lwepetroli, ingxelo igxininisa ukunyuka kwexabiso lepetroli nge-8%Ipetroli yedizili inyuke nge-3% kwaye i-kerosene (esetyenziswa phantse kuphela kwiinqwelomoya) nge-5%. Ezinye izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezifana nee-lubricants, i-asphalt, kunye ne-coke nazo zikhule nge-5%, ngelixa iigesi ze-petroleum ezinyibilikisiweyo (LPG) zehle nge-13%.
Uthutho lwendlela, lweempahla kunye nabakhweli, waqhubeka nokutyeba ngo-2025 kwaye yaqinisa indima yayo njengenye yezona candelo zinzima kakhulu ukususa i-carbon dioxide. Iilori zokuthutha impahla azifikeleli kangako kwisabelo semarike esimalunga ne-4%, nto leyo eshiya iilori zidlala indima enkulu ekuhanjisweni kweempahla ngaphakathi kweli lizwe.
Ukungena kwe imoto yombane Ihlala imida kakhulu, ingakumbi xa ithelekiswa namandla afana neTshayina. Ngaphandle kokukhuthazwa okukhulu kokuhamba kombane kunye nokudluliselwa kwemithwalo kwiindlela zikaloliwe, Imfuno yedizili nepetroli iyaqhubeka nokukhula kunye nayo, ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo okunxulumene nayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuqala kunyuke malunga ne-2% ngo-2025, okubangelwa kukunyuka kwakhona kokusetyenziswa kwegesi neoyile. Oku kwenzeke emva kokukhula kwe-GDP malunga ne-2,9%, nto leyo, ngokutsho kwe-Observatory, ebonisa ubunzima boku. ukunciphisa ukukhula koqoqosho ekusetyenzisweni kakhulu kwamafutha efosili kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yangoku.
Ukhenketho olukhulu, uhambo ngeenqwelo moya kunye nokukhutshwa komoya ngaphandle kweradar esemthethweni
Unyaka ka-2025 waphula iirekhodi kwicandelo lezokhenketho. ISpain ifumene phantse 100 yezigidi zabakhenkethievelise imali engaphezulu kwe-€126.000 yeebhiliyoni ekuchithweni kwayo ekupheleni kukaNovemba, nto leyo edlula ngokulula inani elipheleleyo lowama-2024. Nangona kunjalo, olu tshintsho lwezoqoqosho luye impembelelo enamandla yemozulu, ingakumbi ngeenqwelo-moya kunye nothutho lwaselwandle oluhambelanayo.
Ingxelo ye-OS iphawula ukuba ukukhutshwa komoya okubangelwa ziinqwelomoya zamazwe ngamazwe Kwaye ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo okuvela kwiindlela zaselwandle—oko kubizwa ngokuba “zii-bunkers zamazwe ngamazwe”—akubalwa ngokwaneleyo kwinkqubo yokugcina izinto ezikhoyo. Ukuba le mithombo ifakiwe, ibhalansi yokukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo eSpain ngo-2025 ibiya kuba phezulu kakhulu. Indima yale Ukuthuthwa kolwandle ibaluleke kakhulu kule ngongoma.
Iingcali zithi indibaniselwano yokhenketho olukhulu, ukuxhomekeka kuthutho lomoya, kunye ukungabikho kwamanyathelo aqatha okunciphisa umngcipheko wekhabhoni kweli candelo Oku kuguqula ukhenketho lube yenye yezinto eziphambili ekumisweni kokususwa kwekhabhoni.
Ngaphezu koko, ubukho obukhulu bamafutha efosili kuyo yonke indawo enxulumene nokhenketho—uhambo, indawo yokuhlala, iinkonzo— Yenza kube nzima ukutshintshela kwimodeli enekhabhoni ephantsi ukuba akukho tshintsho lunzulu noludibeneyo phakathi koorhulumente neenkampani.
I-Observatory ilumkisa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo kawonke-wonke ihlala iphikisana kwiimeko ezininzi: amaqhinga akhuthazwayo okwandisa inani leenqwelo-moya kunye nabakhenkethi, ngelixa iinjongo ezinkulu zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya zibhengezwa ukuba, Enyanisweni, kunzima ukuzivumelanisa nale modeli yokukhula.
Imililo, iziganeko zemozulu embi kunye nonyaka ophawulwe yimozulu
Ingxelo igxininisa ukuba unyaka ka-2025 yayingunyaka "kubalulekile" ngokwembono yemozulu ESpain, ulandelelwano lweziganeko zemozulu egqithisileyo lushiye uphawu lwalo kulo lonke ilizwe. Amaza obushushu aphindaphindayo nahlala enyuka afikelela kumanqanaba angaqhelekanga kwiindawo ezininzi, onyusa umngcipheko wemililo yasendle kwaye achaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
Ngokwedatha evela kwinkqubo yeCopernicus yaseYurophu, ngo-2025 Kutshiswe malunga neehektare ezingama-400.000 zomhlaba wehlathi. ESpain, imililo ikhuphe phantse iitoni ezili-19 lezigidi ze-CO2 emoyeni, inani eliphindwe kane ngaphezulu kunakwiminyaka edlulileyo.
Ezi zinto zikhutshwayo, nangona zingasoloko zifakwa kwiimpahla ngendlela efanayo nezo zifunyenwe kwi-fossil fuels, Zinempembelelo enkulu kulungelelwaniso lwemozulu yelizwe kwaye iqaqambise ubuthathaka beenkqubo zendalo xa kujongwa ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Lo nyaka uphinde waphawulwa iziqendu zemvula enkulu kunye nezikhukula kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesiqithi, nto leyo echaphazela iziseko zophuhliso, izindlu, kunye nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho. I-Observatory itolika olu luhlu lweziganeko njengomboniso ocacileyo wendlela abemi baseSpain abasele bebona ngayo imiphumo yotshintsho lwemozulu kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla.
Ukudibana kokunyuka kokukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo nonyaka ozele ziimpembelelo zemozulu kukhuthaza inkxalabo yeengcali, ezikholelwa ukuba impendulo yeziko ayikaneli xa kujongwa ubukhulu bengxaki.
Ukunqongophala kwamandla, izindlu kunye nokucotha kokusetyenziswa kwamandla
Ngaphaya kwamanani amakhulu enkqubo yamandla, ingxelo igxile iziphumo zentlalo zotshintsho olungaphelelangaIcandelo lezindlu liyaqhubeka nokubandezeleka ngenxa yokungabikho kwamandla aneleyo kunye nokulungiswa kwezindlu, nto leyo ekhokelela kwizinga eliphezulu lokungabikho kwamandla aneleyo.
Ukwanda kwe amaxabiso ezindlu kunye namandla ityhalele inani elikhulayo leentsapho kwiimeko apho Kunzima ukugcina indlu ikwiqondo lobushushu elifanelekileyo. okanye ukujongana neebhili zamandla. ISpain iphakathi kwamazwe e-EU anezona mpawu zixhalabisayo kweli candelo.
I-Observatory igxeka into yokuba inkqubo enkulu ngakumbi yokuvuselela izindlu ezisemgangathweni ayikaqaliswa, ekwaziyo ukunciphisa imfuno yamandla nokuphucula intuthuzelo yamakhaya. Ukungabikho kwenkxaso eqinisekileyo Ezi zenzo, bathi, zithintela iinjongo zemozulu kunye nokuphuculwa kwentlalo-ntle yoluntu.
Ngaxeshanye, ukusasazwa kwe ukuzisebenzisa ngokwakho kwi-photovoltaic eluphahleni lwezindlu —ingakumbi kwicandelo lezindlu—lithintelwe ziinkqubo ezinzima kunye nokucotha kokufakelwa kwezinto ezintsha. Iingingqi zamandla, ezibizelwe ukuba zidlale indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni amandla ngokwentando yesininzi, zisajongene noxinzelelo i-bureaucracy ichazwa njenge "engapheliyo" ngababhali bale ngxelo.
Uthelekiso lwamazwe ngamazwe lubonisa oku: amazwe afana ne-Australia, iCalifornia (e-USA) okanye iJamani aqokelele amashumi eegigawatts zokuzisebenzisa eluphahleni lwezindlu, ngelixa iSpain, ine- izixhobo zelanga ezingcono kakhulu, idlula kancinci ii-gigawatts ezilithoba ezifakwe kweli candelo, ngokutsho kwamanani aqokelelwe yi-OS.
Amaziko edatha kunye noxinzelelo olutsha kwimfuno yombane
Esinye sezilumkiso ezikhutshwe yi-Observatory sibhekisa ku ukukhula okuqikelelweyo kwamaziko edatha ESpain, ingakumbi kwimimandla efana neAragon, ezi ziseko zophuhliso zedijithali ezinkulu ziya kufuna umbane ophezulu kakhulu, nto leyo eza kubeka uxinzelelo olungakumbi kwigridi yombane kwiminyaka ezayo.
Umlawuli we-OS, ingcali yezendalo UFernando Prieto, uloyiko lokuba, ukuba akukho tshintsho lubalulekileyo oluza kwenziwa, Imfuno eyongezelelekileyo iya kuhlangatyezwa kakhulu yigesi yendalo.ukuqhubeka nokuxhomekeka kolu petroli kunye nokunyusa ukukhutshwa komoya kunye nexabiso lombane.
Ngokutsho kukaPrieto, iSpain ayikhuphi igesi engcolileyo ngokwesantya ekufanele ukuba sibe ngaso, nto leyo enokuba kwinqanaba ukwehla kokukhutshwa komoya minyaka le okumalunga ne-7%Ngokoluvo lwakhe, kukho utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwisakhiwo—ukususela ekuhlengahlengisweni kwemarike yombane ukuya ukufakelwa kombane ngobuninzi kwezothutho— eziqhubeka nokuhlehliswa.
Ingxelo ikwakhomba ku imigaqo-nkqubo kawonke-wonke ephikisanayoNgelixa kuboniswa amaqhinga emozulu kunye neenjongo zokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni, izicwangciso ezikhuthaza ukuhamba ngeenqwelo moya okanye ezothutho lwendlela ziyagcinwa okanye zandiswa, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zokunciphisa eYurophu kumacandelo asasazekileyo kunye nalawo aphantsi kweMarike yeKhabhoni yaseYurophu (ETS).
Kule meko, uqikelelo lwaseYurophu ngeSpain lufuna oku: Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ngama-26% kwiindawo ezisasazekileyo kunye Ama-43% kumacandelo e-ETS xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2005I-Observatory ilumkisa ukuba iindlela ezikhoyo ngoku azibonisi ukuba ezi njongo ziya kufezekiswa ngaphandle kokutshintsha indlela eqhutywa ngayo.
Uxinzelelo lwezopolitiko kunye nokugxekwa kwempendulo karhulumente ethambileyo
Izigqibo zengxelo ye-OS zivakale kakuhle kwicandelo lezopolitiko. Kumaqela okusingqongileyo, afana I-Green AllianceUrhulumente ugxekwe kakhulu ngenxa “ubushushu” kunye “nokungakhathali” kwimiba yemozulu, egxininisa ukuba, xa sijongene nengxaki yemozulu, ukungaqhubeki phambili kufana nokubuyela umva.
Umququzeleli wayo karhulumente, UJuantxo Lopez waseUraldeUthi ukunyuka kwe-0,6% kwi-emissions ngo-2025 kubonisa "ukushiywa" kokubaluleka kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo kwi-ajenda karhulumente. Ngokombono wakhe, ngexesha lepalamente yangaphambili, amanye amanyathelo aphunyezwa nzima, kodwa ngoku ubona "ukungakhathali ngokupheleleyo."
Kule ndawo yezopolitiko, oku kulandelayo kuyafuneka amabhongo angakumbi kunye nesibindi Ukujongana nokususwa kwegesi eyingozi, ukuqala ngothutho nokuqhubeka nokususwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-fossil fuels. Bakholelwa ukuba ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa olu hlobo lweziseko zophuhliso kunye nemisebenzi kuqinisekisa imodeli Inegalelo ngokuthe ngqo ekuwohlokeni kotshintsho lwemozulu.
Ezi zigxeko zikwabekwe ngaphakathi kwimeko yehlabathi jikelele igagasi lokuphendula kunye nokunyuka kokungakholelwa kwimozuluNjengoko abantu abanjengoTrumpism bethathwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye iManyano yaseYurophu ibonwa njengengaqinanga kangako kunakwixesha elidlulileyo kubunkokeli bayo bendalo, iingcali zemvelo zikholelwa ukuba le meko ayifanele ibe sisizathu sokunciphisa amabhongo azo asekhaya.
I-Sustainability Observatory, yona, igcina ithoni yobuchwephesha ngakumbi, kodwa iyavumelana nengcamango yokuba ilizwe Kusuka kude neenjongo ezimiselweyo. kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo yangoku ayanelanga ukukhokela indlela yokukhupha ungcoliseko ngexesha elikhoyo.
Njengoko umhla wokuvala wexeshana ka-2025 ugqityiwe, idatha ye-Observatory izoba umfanekiso apho iSpain inyuse kancinci ukukhutshwa kwayo ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-270 ezigidi ze-CO2, iqinise ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwegesi yendalo kunye neoyile, ihlulekile ukusebenzisa amanye amandla ayo avuselelekayo, kwaye isasele kude nokunciphisa kwe-32% okumiselwe kuyo ngo-2030 xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba ka-1990; umngeni ngoku ukho ekuguquleni olu xilongo lube ngamanyathelo aqinileyo nazinzileyo aya kuthi ekugqibeleni avumele, ukulungelelanisa amandla kunye nenyaniso yezoqoqosho zelizwe kunye nezibophelelo zalo zemozulu.
