Amandla enyukliya abuyela iziko lengxoxo en ISpain neYurophu kunye nezigqibo eziphambili malunga nokwandiswa kobomi, iindleko, kunye nokudibanisa nokuthunyelwa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ngelixa inxalenye ye-bloc yaseYurophu iphinda icinge ngesicwangciso sayo, eSpain, le miba iyadibana. izicelo zokwandiswa, iingxelo ezibalulekileyo kunye neevoti zepalamente ukuba imeko ishedyuli yokuvala.
Ngeli xesha, imbonakalo yamazwe ngamazwe iyatshintsha: amazwe amaninzi axhasa injongo Umthamo wenyukliya kathathu ngo-2050Nangona kunjalo, uqikelelo oluvela kwimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe lubonisa ukuba ibha ibekwe phezulu kwaye ukulibaziseka kunye nokugqithiswa kweendleko ngaphandle kwe-China kuqhubeka ukuba yinto.
ESpain: iindleko, inkcitho kunye nethayimthebhile kwindawo yokujonga
Ingxelo ethi "Ikamva laMandla eNyukliya eSpain" yiSiseko saMandla aHlaziywayo sixoxa ukuba hlaziya i-reactor Ukwandisa ubomi baso bokusebenza kunokuxabisa phakathi kwe-25% kunye ne-50% yesityalo esitsha, kunye noluhlu lulonke lwe 14.000 ukuba 35.000 million euroinani abalithatha lingalingani xa lithelekiswa nezinye iindlela ezingabizi kakhulu nezikhawulezayo.
Ingxelo iphinda ithelekise amaxabiso: eSpain, amandla enyukliya abiza kakhulu kune €65/MWh, xa kuthelekiswa ne-€ 24-43 / MWh ye umoya kunye ne-photovoltaicKwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe, i I-LCOE Ixabiso eliqikelelweyo lamandla enyukliya lixabisa $173/MWh, ngaphezu kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo ezikhankanywe ngasentla.
Ngokuchasene nale meko, iSiseko saMandla aVuselelekayo siyayibuza ingxoxo yokuba ukunqongophala kokhuphiswano lwenyukliya kungenxa yerhafu kwaye yalatha kwimfuno faka ngaphakathi kuzo zonke izinto zangaphandle ukuphepha iindleko zexesha elizayo kubathengi kunye nonondyebo karhulumente.
Kwangaxeshanye, uxwebhu lugxininisa ukuba ukwandisa ubomi bemizi-mveliso yamandla kuya kwenza utshintsho kwisicwangciso samandla esijolise decarbonize kunye nombane uqoqosho, olunempembelelo enkulu kwezoqoqosho, kwezentlalo nokusingqongileyo.
Izandiso zoBomi: I-Almaraz ivula indlela kwaye i-ANAV ilinde ithuba layo
Embindini Almaraz icele ngokusesikweni ukwandiswa kwelayisensi yayo yokusebenza. Usekela-Mongameli wesithathu kunye noMphathiswa weNguqulelo yeNdalo, uSara Aagesen, ubonise ukuba uRhulumente uhlalutya isicelo ngemigca emibini ebomvu: ukungadlulisi iindleko kubathengi kunye nesiqinisekiso se ukhuseleko lwenyukliya.
E-Catalonia, i-ANAV iphikisa ukuba amaqela e UAscó I kunye no-II kunye noVandellòs II Bakwisikhundla sokusebenza "iminyaka emininzi engaphezulu," ngenjongo yokufikelela, ubuncinci, i 50 iminyakaInkampani, ephantsi kwe-Endesa kunye ne-Iberdrola, igxininisa utyalo-mali lonyaka lwe 30 yezigidi kwi-reactor nganye ukugcina ukuthembeka kwamaziko.
Imihla yokuvala ithiyori ihleli imiselwe ngo-Oktobha 2030 (Ascó I), Septemba 2032 (Ascó II), kunye noFebruwari 2035 (Vandellòs II). Okwangoku, akukho sicelo sisemthethweni esifakiweyo sokwandisa ukusebenza kwayo, nangona icandelo lithatha ulwandiso lwe-Almaraz a uphawu oluhle.
Kwicala lowiso-mthetho, iseshoni yesigqeba seCongress yalile ukususa "umhla oqinisekileyo wokuvalwa" kwe-Almaraz, Ascó I kunye neCofrentes, ngoko ke. Iimbekiselo zokuvala zihlala zifana ibandakanyiwe kucwangciso lwangoku.
Ngokwembono yomthetho, kufanelekile ukukhumbula ukuba izigqibo ezinjengokwandiswa kwesigwebo sobomi buka-Almaraz urhulumente onokuzikhethela, ngokungqinelana nemfundiso eyamiselwa kwityala likaGaroña.
Ukusebenza kunye nothungelwano: Uxinzelelo kunye nokuhlaziywa kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo
Uhlalutyo olucatshulweyo lubonisa ukuba ii-reactors zaseSpain zi umqobo kuphuhliso oluhlaziyekayo ngenxa yobunzima bokusebenza kwayo. Kwiziqendu ze umoya ophezulu kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla elangaUkungakwazi ukumodareyitha ngokukhawuleza amandla enyukliya, kunye nokungabikho kogcino olwaneleyo, bekuya kubangela ukuxinana kunye nokuchitheka kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kwigridi.
Kongezelelwa ukuba amandla enyukliya akakho amandla obugcisa ukuzinzisa uthungelwano xa kwenzeka ukunyuka kwamandla, ngokonxibelelwano oluvela kwiinkampani zombane ngokwazo kwi-Red Eléctrica. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, uhlaziyo kunye neteknoloji ye ukwakhiwa kwegridi Banokwenza loo msebenzi, isixhobo esilindele ummiselo osele usebenza kumazwe afana nePortugal.
Olu fundo ludibanisa kwingxoxo malunga nokuxubana kwexesha elizayo kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle okuza kuvela block ukuvuselelwa ngamaxesha entshinga. Eyona nto iphambili, ngokwalo mbono, kukukhawulezisa ukugcinwa, ulawulo lweemfuno kunye nokuqiniswa kwegridi ukudibanisa isizukulwana esicocekileyo.
Nangona iingxoxo zoluntu ziyaqhubeka malunga nendima ekufuneka itekhnoloji nganye idlale kuyo ukhuseleko lonikezeloIzigqibo malunga nokwandiswa ziya kuxhomekeka kwiikhrayitheriya zokhuseleko, iindleko kunye nokuhambelana neenjongo zemozulu.
Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ukudityaniswa kokusebenza kwamandla enyukliya kwinkqubo enecandelo elikhulu lamandla ahlaziyekayo kufuna ucwangciso oluhle ukuthintela ukuchitheka, ukwandisa ukuguquguquka ngokubanzi, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko kumthengi.
IYurophu: phakathi kwe "renaissance" kunye nokuqina
Ingxelo "yokuvuselela inyukliya" ingqubana nedatha yamva nje: ukusuka ngo-2010 ukuya ku-2024, amandla enyukliya ehlabathi Ihambe ukusuka kwi-370,9 GW ukuya kwi-375,5 GW, ukwanda kwe 1,2%Ngelo xesha linye, umoya kunye namandla e-photovoltaic elanga akhula 262%, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4.448 GW.
Kwi-European Union, amandla enyukliya ehla ukusuka kwi-120 GW ngo-2010 ukuya 97 GW ngo-2024 (ukuncipha kwe-19,5%), ngenxa yokuvalwa kweJamani kunye nokuma kweenqanawa zaseFransi. Ngaphezu koko, ngaphezu I-78% ye-reactors yaseYurophu Zezonkampani zikaRhulumente okanye zikawonke-wonke, nto leyo ebonisa ubunzima botyalo-mali lobuchwephesha.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuzibophelela kwehlabathi ku Umthamo wenyukliya kathathu ngo-2050 Ifumana inkxaso (iSenegal neRwanda zisanda kungena). I-World Nuclear Association ithi injongo iyafezekiswa ukuba izithembiso ziyagcinwa; I-IAEA, ngokwenxalenye yayo, iiprojekthi ukuya kuthi ga I-992 GW kwimeko yayo ephezulu kwinkulungwane yenkulungwane.
I-China ibeka isantya ngenani lezixhobo zombane ezisakhiwayo nangeshedyuli mfutshaneNgaphandle kwe-ecosystem yabo, iiprojekthi ziqokelela ukulibaziseka kunye nokugqithiswa kweendleko: Vogtle E-US yangena kwinkonzo nge ulibaziseko kunye neendleko eziphindwe kabini, kunye neHinkley Point C (eUnited Kingdom) nayo iya ibiza kakhulu kwaye ilibazisekile.
Isitshixo seYurophu iya kuba kukuphucula ukubulawa kwamashishini kunye imilinganiselo yoyilo ukuba ifuna ukuphinda ithabatheke, ngelixa ilungisa umgaqo-nkqubo wayo wamandla kuhlanganiso olukhulu lwezinto ezivuselelekayo.
IJamani iphinda ivule ingxoxo-mpikiswano: kumiswe ukudilizwa kunye nokugxila kwi-SMR
Ukulandela inqanaba lenyukliya eligqitywe ngo-2023, urhulumente omtsha waseBerlin, okhokelwa ngu UFriedrich Merz, uye wayivula kwakhona ingxoxo kwaye ndife umzimba okwexeshana ukudilizwa kwezityalo zamandla, ngelixa uvavanya indlela yokuphinda kusebenze ezinye ii-reactors okanye ukhethe ii-reactors ezincinci zeemodyuli (SMRs).
UMphathiswa wezoQoqosho uKatherina Reiche uqalise kwakhona ukunxibelelana kwiiforam ze-nyukliya zaseYurophu, kwaye i-IAEA ibona ukuba iJamani iyafunda. nzulu ukubuya kwakhe. Isicwangciso sesizwe se fusion Ilindele utyalo-mali oluya kuthi ga kwi-5.000 yeebhiliyoni zee-euro ukomeleza ukulinga kunye nezityalo zoshishino kule minyaka ilishumi.
Ngokuphathelele kwii-SMRs, isiGqeba sigunyazise ingxelo evela kwi-BASE kunye neFraunhofer Institute, kunye neengcali kunye nabacebisi, ukuba bahlalutye ukwenzeka kwezoqoqosho nokulawula kunye nokudityaniswa kwayo kumxube, kunye nezigqibo zokuqala ezilindeleke ngentwasahlobo ka-2026.
Ngokwezopolitiko, urhulumente akacingi ngokuthembela ngokupheleleyo kumandla enyukliya, kodwa uphonononga a ukuchacha okulawulwayo ngokugxila kwezobuchwepheshe, ngokuhambelana nokuhlelwa okuncomekayo kweBrussels ngokwemiqathango yozinzo.
Utshintsho lwaseJamani lubandakanya ukubakho kokuthunyelwa "kweereactors ezincinci, ezikrelekrele" ukuxhasa Ukubuyiselwa kwezoqoqosho, njengoko kuye kwaxoxwa ukusuka eBavaria, kwaye ivula i-front yentsebenziswano kwi-European Industrial Alliance kwi-SMR.
I-SMR: ukukhula kwetekhnoloji kunye neendleko eziphantsi koqwalaselo
Ingxoxo yaseYurophu, ngakumbi eJamani, igxile ekubeni ngaba olu yilo luya kufezekisa umgangatho. uqoqosho olulandelelanayo kunye nokuqiniseka okwaneleyo kokulawula kuya kuba nexabiso eliphantsi kwaye ungene ngokupheleleyo kumyalelo wokufaneleka kombane.
Ngexesha elifutshane, ukuthunyelwa kwayo okukhulu kubonakala kunzima ngenxa ye amaxesha ophuhliso kunye nesidingo sokuqinisa amatyathanga obonelelo, nangona oorhulumente abaninzi befuna ukugcina olo khetho luvulekile njengento ehambelana nokuhlaziywa kunye nokugcinwa.
Lilonke, ikamva lamandla enyukliya eYurophu liya kuxhomekeka ekukwazini kwawo ukulungelelanisa iindleko. imihla emisiweyo kunye nokhuseleko ngeenjongo zemozulu kunye nokufakelwa kombane okukhawulezileyo, apho izinto ezihlaziyiweyo zihamba phambili namhlanje.
Njengoko iSpain ithatha isigqibo malunga nolwandiso kwaye iYurophu ilungelelanisa umnqweno wayo, undoqo iya kuba kubunzima iindleko, inkcitho, ukuguquguquka kunye nemingcipheko yePaka yenyukliya xa ithelekiswa nesantya kunye nexabiso lezinto ezivuselelekayo, ukugcinwa kunye nothungelwano lwegridi, ngeliso lonikezelo olukhuselekileyo, olukhuphisanayo nolulungelelaniswe nemozulu.