Ngokuqinisekileyo uvile ngoYehova Ihlathi laseAmazon Yimiphunga yesijikelezi-langa. Lelona hlathi likhulu ehlabathini, linendawo egubungela ukuya kutsho kumazwe ali-9, kunye nehlathi eligubungela i-5,500,000 km2. Obo bubukhulu bayo kangangokuba, ukuba songeza onke amahlathi ashinyeneyo ehlabathini, iAmazon iqhubeka ingowona mkhulu ngokomlinganiselo. Kodwa ukubaluleka kokwenyani akukho kule nyaniso kuphela, kodwa nakwinyaniso yokuba likhaya lamawaka eentlobo zezityalo, izilwanyana kunye nemithi, nto leyo eyenza eli hlathi libe yeyona ndawo inkulu yezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni.
Emva koko, siza kutyhila yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga ne Ihlathi laseAmazon, ukubaluleka kwayo kwesi sijikelezi-langa, nendima yaso ekulawuleni imozulu yehlabathi.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon, elikuMzantsi Merika, likhaya lommandla omkhulu 5.500.000 square kilometers zohlaza. Nangona kunjalo, yonke indawo yaseAmazon, ebandakanya iinkqubo ezininzi zendalo, ibanzi ngakumbi, iyafikelela 7 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ezizikwere. Lo mmandla ngokusisiseko ngummandla okhupha amanzi ayo kuMlambo iAmazon.
Umlambo iAmazon, egqalwa njengeyona mide neyona inkulu ehlabathini, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni le nkqubo inkulu yezinto eziphilayo. Okumangalisayo kukuba, esi sitya sigubungela amazwe alithoba: Brazil (60% of the jungle), Peru (13%), Colombia (10%), kunye nentsalela yehlathi cover isasazwa phakathi IVenezuela, i-Ecuador, iBolivia, iGuyana, iSuriname kunye neFrench Guiana.
Indawo yehlathi lemvula laseAmazon phakathi kweTropic yeCancer kunye neTropic of Capricorn, kufutshane ne-ikhweyitha, ichaza njengehlathi lemvula. Ummandla ophakathi kwale migca mibini yentelekelelo waziwa ngokuba ziitropikhi, ummandla wejografi onoxanduva lokugcina uhlaza oluxinene ngolo hlobo, kwakunye nemozulu ezinzileyo neshushu.
Imozulu yehlathi elinemvula laseAmazon
Enye yezona zinto zimangalisayo ze Ihlathi laseAmazon Yimozulu yayo. Amaxesha onyaka entlakohlaza, ehlotyeni, ekwindla nasebusika anamava kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi awekho apha. Ukuba ibekwe kwindawo ye-ikhweyitha, lo mmandla igcina ubushushu obuphakathi kwe 26 kunye ne 30°C unyaka wonke. Ukwahluka kwamaqondo obushushu kuvamise ukuba phakathi kobuncinane be-22°C kunye nobuninzi obungama-34°C, kodwa eyona nto ibonakalisa lo mmandla kuphezulu. umswakama.
Lo mmandla ushushu kwaye ufumile uyondla kwi ukusuka kwimithi yayo engaphezu kwama-390 eebhiliyoni. Ngeenkqubo zendalo zezityalo nemithi, umjikelo wemvula oqhubekayo uyagcinwa. Inxalenye yalo mjikelo iquka into ebizwa ngokuba “imilambo ephaphazelayo”, iindimbane zomoya ezilayishwe ngumphunga wamanzi ophuma kumphumo wemithi. Le 'milambo esemoyeni' ithutha ukufuma ukusuka ehlathini ukuya kwezinye iindawo zelizwekazi laseMzantsi Melika, kuquka imimandla efana IBolivia, iParaguay, iArgentina, iUruguay, kunye nomzantsi-ntshona we Chile.
Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kwezinye iindawo, ezifana nentshona ye-basin, amaqondo okushisa anokufikelela 40 ° C, ngelixa kwiindawo ezikufutshane ne-delta yomlambo, banokuwa phantsi njenge 23 ° C. Ngapha koko, iipateni ze imvula gqithisa i 2.200 mm ngonyaka, ukudala enye yezona ndawo zimanzi kwiplanethi.
Inkqubo yendalo yehlathi laseAmazon
La Ihlathi laseAmazon Likhaya kweyona nkqubo inkulu kunye neyona yahlukeneyo kwiplanethi. Yondliwa kwaye igcinwe ikakhulu yi Umlambo iAmazon, edlulayo ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-6.400, le nkqubo yezinto eziphilayo sisiseko seentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto. Apha sifumana iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, uninzi lwazo ezisengozini yokuphela okanye ezingafumanekiyo kwenye indawo emhlabeni.
Phakathi kwezityalo eziqhelekileyo, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-40.000 XNUMX ezithi, xa zidibene, zibe nendima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni imozulu yehlabathi. Ehlabathini lonke, iAmazon likhaya lee I-10% yazo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ezaziwayo kwaye malunga enye kwiintlobo ezintlanu zeentaka womhlaba
Kule ecosystem ekhethekileyo, i izityalo ziwukhupha umphunga wamanzi ngexesha lenkqubo yokuphefumla, enceda ukusasaza iibhanti ezishinyeneyo zamafu ezigcina ukufuma okungaguqukiyo kuso sonke isitya. Oku kusebenzisana rhoqo phakathi kwamanzi ezityalo kunye nomoya awulawuli nje ukugcina amahlathi ashinyeneyo, kodwa nokondla imilambo ezibonelela ngezigidi zabantu.
Impembelelo yokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kumahlathi ashinyeneyo aseAmazon
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi sesinye sezona zoyikiso zinzima ezijongene neAmazon. Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi FAOKuqikelelwa ukuba I-50% yamahlathi ehlabathi atshatyalalisiwe, kwaye iAmazon iye yachaphazeleka ngokukhethekileyo. Izizathu eziphambili zale lahleko ziquka ukwandiswa kwe i-asentamientos humanos kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokunzulu komhlaba ukwenzela zolimo.
Phezu kwako nje ukuchuma okwexeshana kumhlaba waseAmazonia, uphela ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yomaleko obhityileyo wezondlo. Oku kunyanzela abalimi ukuba baqhubeke behamba, yaye umjikelo wokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi usaqhubeka. Olu tshintsho lubonisa ukuba iAmazon iyaqhubeka nokuba sengozini Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kunye nelahleko engenakulungiseka yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ukubaluleka kwehlathi lemvula laseAmazon kwihlabathi jikelele
IAmazon ayidlali indima ebalulekileyo kuphela kumazwe apho ikhoyo, kodwa ibalulekile kwi impilo yehlabathi jikelele. Ngenxa yobuninzi bezityalo, lo mmandla uyakwazi gcina phakathi kwe-90 kunye ne-140 yeetoni zeebhiliyoni zekhabhoni, enceda ukuzinzisa imozulu yehlabathi kunye nokunciphisa i-greenhouse effect.
Ngokufanayo, iAmazon ivelisa malunga ne-6% yeoksijini ukuba siphefumla, ngaphezu kokusebenza njenge-carbon sink ixesha elide. Noko ke, imiphumo yokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokungekho sikweni iye yaqalisa ukuguqula imimandla emikhulu yehlathi ibe yi<em>net emitters ye<em>carbon. I-adaptha le ndlela inokwenzeka, kodwa ifuna iinzame ezilungelelanisiweyo zehlabathi jikelele ulondolozo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwamahlathi.
Ekugqibeleni, asimele silibale ukuba ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon alinikeli nje kuphela izibonelelo zokusingqongileyo, kodwa nezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Ukwahlukana kwezityalo kulo mmandla kubangele ukuba kubekho iimveliso zamayeza, ukutya nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwasekhaya nolwehlabathi. Yena tshokoleji, la ivanillakunye coffee, umzekelo, ziimveliso ezivela kulo mmandla.
Ukulondolozwa kwehlathi lemvula laseAmazon kubalulekile, kwaye ukutshatyalaliswa kwawo kubonisa a isisongelo esisemnyango kulungelelwaniso lokusingqongileyo ukusuka kuwo wonke umhlaba. Njengoko intshabalalo iqhubeka, kukho iinkxalabo ezinzulu malunga nokukwazi kweAmazon ukuqhubeka nokudlala indima yayo ebalulekileyo ukulawulwa komjikelo wekhabhoni kunye uzinzo lwemozulu yehlabathi.
IAmazon, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, yenye yezona zinto zixabisekileyo zendalo kwiplanethi yethu. Ulondolozo lwayo aluncedi nje kuphela uluntu oluhlala kwindawo eyingqongileyo, kodwa lukwaphembelela ubomi bezigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela.