Kwenzeka njani ukuba iinkampani zihlawule abantu ukuba basebenzise umbane, ubuza. Isizathu silula, eyona nto iphambili kule meko inomdla ibinguye Utyalo-mali olomeleleyo lwaseJamani kumandla ahlaziyekayo.
Kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, IJamani ibe yi-protagonist yale nto yamandla, ekubeni imfuno yamandla iphantsi kakhulu kunokunikezelwa kwamandla acocekileyo kunye nokuhlaziywa. Ngexesha leeholide ezifana ne-24 kunye ne-25 kaDisemba, phakathi kweKrisimesi, abemi abaninzi baseJamani babona amanani angalunganga kumatyala abo ombane.
I-Business Insider ingxelo yokuba oku kubangelwa yindibaniselwano yezinto, ezifana notyalo-mali oluphezulu kumandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nemfuno ephantsi ngexesha leeholide, nto leyo ebangele umbane ogqithisileyo. Oku kugqithiswa, ngakumbi kwimithombo yelanga nomoya, kubangele amaxabiso amabi axhamle abathengi.
Ubonelelo olugqithisileyo kubonelelo lombane
Inkqubo yokwenza amaxabiso ombane amabi Kuye kwenzeka izihlandlo ezininzi eJamani. Oku kungenxa yokuba, ngexesha lemisitho ethile efana neeholide okanye iimpelaveki, ukusetyenziswa kombane kwehla kakhulu. Kwangaxeshanye, iimeko zemozulu zithanda ukuveliswa komoya omkhulu namandla elanga. Indibaniselwano yale miba mibini ivelisa ukutya okugqithisileyo okungenako ukufunxwa yimarike.
Umzekelo ocacileyo wenzeke kwiKrisimesi edlulileyo xa ilizwe lafumana a ukwenziwa kombane ogqithisileyo, ubukhulu becala kwizinto ezinokuhlaziywa, ezifana namandla elanga kunye nomoya. Ebudeni bomhla wama-24 nowama-25 kaDisemba, imizi-mveliso yavalwa yaye nemozulu yayinelanga elingaqhelekanga, nto leyo eyaphumela ekubeni zibonelelwe kakuhle ngaphezu kwemfuneko eqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, amaxabiso ombane ehle ngaphantsi kwe-zero ngaphezulu kweeyure ezili-100 kulo lonke uDisemba ka-2023.
Kutheni eveliswa amaxabiso amabi?
Ingcamango yamaxabiso amabi isenokubonakala ingaqhelekanga, kodwa inengcaciso elula. Yonke into ibangelwa kukudityaniswa kwezinto ezimbini eziphambili:
- Utyalo-mali oluphezulu kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo: IJamani ityale imali engaphezulu kwe-200 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwimithombo yamandla evuselelekayo efana nelanga kunye nomoya. Nangona kunjalo, le mithombo ixhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu, ezinokubangela ukuveliswa kwamandla amaninzi kunokuba asetyenziswe ngeentsuku ezithile.
- Ukungakwazi ukugcina amandla: Amandla avuselelekayo aneyona nto ikhethekileyo: awukwazi ukwenza isigqibo xa eyeka ukubonelela ngombane, ngakumbi kwimeko yelanga kunye nomoya. Akukabikho inkqubo yebhetri esebenzayo yokugcina amandla agqithisileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba onke amandla avelisiweyo kufuneka asetyenziswe ngexesha lokwenyani okanye alahlekile.
Ngamaxesha emfuno ephantsi, njengeeholide, iJamani iyaqhubeka nokuvelisa amandla amakhulu aluhlaza ngenxa yomoya wayo omkhulu kunye neefama zelanga. Ekubeni amandla okugcina amandla elinganiselwe, iinkampani zamandla kufuneka zifumane iindlela zokulahla umbane ogqithiseleyo, zide zihlawule abathengi ukuba basebenzise umbane ukuthintela ukuwa kwegridi.
Ubunzima bokugcina amandla avuselelekayo
Ugcino lusaqhubeka ukuba ngomnye wemingeni emikhulu ekudityanisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo. Iibhetri zangoku azinawo amandla aneleyo okugcina umbane omkhulu oveliswe zizityalo zelanga kunye neefama zomoya.. Oku kunyanzelisa inkqubo ukuba isebenzise umbane kwangaxeshanye uveliswa ngawo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubela phambili okubalulekileyo kwenziwa kwintsimi yokugcina. Ngo-2023, iJamani yandise amandla okugcina amandla ukusuka kwi-6,5 GWh ukuya kwi-11,2 GWh, inyathelo elibalulekileyo lokunciphisa imfuno yamaxabiso amabi kunye nokulinganisela okungcono ukunikezelwa kombane kunye nemfuno.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye noqoqosho lwamaxabiso amabi
Imodeli yaseJamani ivelise kakhulu iinzuzo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, iJamani ikwazile ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse. Ngo-2023, amandla ahlaziyekayo sele emele ama-59,7% ombane wesizwe uwonke.
Ngokwemigaqo yezoqoqosho, indlela yokubeka amaxabiso angalunganga iye yavumela abathengi baseJamani ukuba baxhamle kumazinga aphantsi ombane, ubuncinci ngamaxesha athile. Ngaphandle koku, abanye abahlalutyi bayakuphikisa oko utyalo-mali oluphezulu kumandla ahlaziyekayo aluguquleli kwiinzuzo ezaneleyo kumthengi ophakathi, ekubeni iindleko zombane ziqhubeka zixhomekeke kakhulu kwezinye izinto ezifana neerhafu kunye namazinga okusasazwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, olu tyalo-mali lubeke iJamani njengenkokeli yehlabathi kumandla acocekileyo, umzekelo kwamanye amazwe afunayo. ukuphelisa ikhabhoni kuqoqosho lwabo. Ngaphaya koko, impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu ayinakuphikiswa, ngokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili.
Amathuba ekamva
Imodeli yamandla ahlaziyekayo yaseJamani isebenza njengenkuthazo kwamanye amazwe. Izisombululo ezintsha ezifana neebhetri zasekhaya, ezivumela amakhaya ukuba agcine amandla avelisayo ngokusebenzisa iipaneli zelanga, afumana ukuthandwa. Iinkampani ezifana ne-Sonnenbatterie eJamani sele zivumela abasebenzisi bazo ukuba bathengise amandla angaphezulu kwigridi, bevelisa ingeniso eyongezelelweyo ngelixa besebenzisa amandla ombane.
Njengoko utyalo-mali kubuchwepheshe bokugcina lukhula kwaye igridi yamandla iba nobuchule, amaxabiso ombane amabi kulindeleke ukuba anciphe. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho bayo bubonisa impumelelo yeJamani kutshintsho olusingise kwimodeli yamandla angaphezulu. zizinzileyo kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.
Ukwandiswa kwezithuthi zombane kuya kuphinda kudlale indima ephambili kule nkqubo, njengoko iimoto zombane ziya kukwazi ukusebenza njengeenkqubo zokugcina amandla ombane, ezincedisa ukuzinza kwegridi yombane ngexesha lemveliso ephezulu.
Ekugqibeleni, uqoqosho lwaseJamani luqhubela phambili kwinkqubo yamandla ecocekileyo, esebenzayo kunye nekamva, apho bobabini abemi kunye neplanethi baxhamla.