Iqela lezazinzulu ezivela kwiYunivesithi yasePolytechnic yaseValencia sele liphanda ukusetyenziswa kwe inkunkuma yezolimo yokuvelisa i-biogas kwibiodigesters. I-Biogas, isibaso esihlaziyekayo esiveliswa kwinkunkuma ephilayo, asiyondlela enokugcineka kuphela kumafutha efosili, kodwa ikwabonelela ngesisombululo esisebenzisekayo senkunkuma egqithisileyo enokuthi ngenye indlela ingcolise indalo esingqongileyo. Olu hlobo lophando lubalulekile, kuba luvumela ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma yezolimo, eninzi kwaye ihlala ingasetyenziswa kakuhle, inegalelo kuqoqosho olujikelezayo.
Ukonyuka kwemveliso ye-biogas kusetyenziswa inkunkuma yezolimo
Iziphumo zophononongo olwenziwe yi Polytechnic University yase Valencia ziveze ukuba inkunkuma ethile yezolimo inesakhono esihle sokuvelisa i-biogas xa idityaniswe nomgquba osuka ezihagwini. Ngokutsho kwedatha efunyenweyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe Iipepile kwandisa amandla okuvelisa i-biogas ngama-44%, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwe iitumato inyusa imveliso yegesi yemethane ngama-41%. Ezinye iintsalela ezifana nepesika kunye nepersimmon zibonise ukuba zingasebenzi kakuhle: i-peach ibonise kuphela i-28% yokwanda kwemveliso ye-biogas, ngelixa i-persimmon ayizange ibonise umahluko obalulekileyo.
Ngale datha, kunokwenzeka ukuseka izikali ezidityanisiweyo kunye neepesenti zezinto ezahlukeneyo ekrwada ukwandisa imveliso biogas. Oku kubalulekile kungekuphela nje ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kwezityalo ze-biogas esele zisebenza, kodwa nokuzenza zibenengeniso ngakumbi kwezoqoqosho ngaphandle kwesidingo sotyalo-mali olukhulu kwiziseko ezitsha.
Ukusetyenziswa kodaka kunye nokudibanisa kwayo nenkunkuma yezolimo
Ukusetyenziswa kwe Ukucoca kwimveliso ye-biogas ayikho into entsha. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphantsi njengesichumisi kunye nokungabikho kwezicelo zamandla ngokwazo, ezi nkunkuma ziye zathathwa njengezingasetyenziswanga kwaye ziyingxaki. Indibaniselwano yodaka kunye nenkunkuma yezolimo, eyandisa imveliso ye-biogas, inokuba ngundoqo ekunikezeni ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kunye nokugcinwa kokusingqongileyo.
Ezi zifundo zikwatyhila ukuba dibanisa udaka kunye nenkunkuma yezolimo Ayiphuculi nje imveliso ye-biogas, kodwa inokusombulula ingxaki yodaka olugqithisileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zezolimo. Kwangaxeshanye, oku kuya kunceda ukunciphisa iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene nolawulo olungafanelekanga lwale nkunkuma.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-biogas kunye nokubaluleka kwayo ekuzinzeni kwamandla
I-Biogas eveliswa kwinkunkuma yezolimo ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla ombane, njengamafutha kwiinjini kunye neebhoyila, okanye kwi imveliso yobushushu kumashishini. Ukongeza, inegalelo ekunciphiseni ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili, nto leyo enciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi zegreenhouse. Oku kwenza i-biogas ibe liqabane eliphambili lokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Kwimeko apho i imigaqo-nkqubo yokusingqongileyo ziya ziba ngqongqo, amashishini kunye namafama kufuneka ajonge izisombululo ezintsha ezingancedi kuphela ukuthobela imimiselo, kodwa zivelise inzuzo kwezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Ukuveliswa kwe-biogas kwi-anaerobic digestion yenkunkuma yezolimo yenye yeendlela ezisebenzayo zokuphumeza le njongo.
Uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nemingeni yexesha elizayo
Nangona kuninzi osele kuphunyeziwe, abaphandi bayayichaza loo nto iimvavanyo ezipheleleyo kusafuneka zenziwe ukufumana idatha echanekileyo ngakumbi malunga nokuziphatha kwenkunkuma kwizityalo ze-biogas. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olwenziwayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku luvula umnyango wokuba nokwenzeka kokufumana eyona ndibaniselwano yenkunkuma yezolimo kunye nodaka ukwandisa imveliso ye-biogas zombini kwinqanaba lemizi-mveliso nakwiifama ezincinci, ezifana neefama ezinqwenela ukufakela i-biodigesters ukuvelisa amandla kwisiza.
Owona mceli-mngeni kukufumana owona mlinganiselo uchanekileyo weentlobo ngeentlobo zenkunkuma yezolimo eyandisa imveliso kwaye igcine uzinzo lwenkqubo ye-anaerobic. Ngaloo ndlela, i ukucola ukutya, oko kukuthi, ukudibanisa kwenkunkuma eyahlukeneyo, kunokukhokelela kwinkqubo esebenzayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba inkunkuma eyahlukileyo ibonelela ngezondlo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu ezithi, xa zidityanisiwe, ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kokwetyisa.
Iiprojekthi zaseYurophu kwimveliso ye-biogas
EYurophu, iiprojekthi ezininzi ziye zajolisa kubuchule benkunkuma yezolimo ukuvelisa amandla. Enye yezo projekthi yi ABAXHASHI, ejolise ekudluliseleni ulwazi malunga ne-anaerobic digestion kumafama asekuhlaleni. Baye balungelelanisa Iindibano zocweyo zolwazi kumafama kunye noogunyaziwe bemimandla, ukutyelela iifama kunye nokusasazwa kweziphumo ngamajelo eendaba kunye neenethiwekhi zentlalo. Ezi ntlobo zamanyathelo aziqhubeli nje ukwamkelwa kweteknoloji phakathi kwabavelisi, kodwa zikhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwamafama nabanye abadlali abafanelekileyo yecandelo ukwabelana ngezona zenzo zingcono kunye neenzame zamaqela.
Ezi projekthi azincedi kuphela ukunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yenkunkuma, kodwa kwakhona ukuxhasa uphuhliso lwasemaphandleni ngokubonelela ngendlela entsha yengeniso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zamandla kwiifama. Ukongeza, kwiimeko ezithile, i-byproducts yenkqubo yokugaya i-anaerobic, efana ne-digestate, inokusetyenziswa njengezichumisi, ezincedisa ngakumbi umjikelo wozinzo kwiifama.
Inkunkuma yezolimo kunye namandla ayo
Inkunkuma yezolimo inamandla amakhulu. Umzekelo, kwimimandla esemazantsi Spain ezifana IAalmería, apho umsebenzi onzima wezolimo uvelisa umthamo omkhulu we iintsalela zezityalo ukusuka kwi-greenhouses, ukubuyiswa kwamandla yale nkunkuma ngokusebenzisa i-biogas yenye indlela ethembisayo. Le nkunkuma, nangona ingonakala kakhulu, inika imingeni ethile ekusebenziseni kwayo, enjengokufuma okuphezulu kunye nokusasazwa ngokwejografi kweendawo zokuqokelela.
Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji enje ukugaya kwe-anaerobic Bavumela le nkunkuma ukuba iguqulwe ibe yi-biogas, enokusetyenziswa njengomthombo wokushisa kwishishini lezolimo ngokwalo okanye kwamanye amacandelo. Ukongeza, esi sisombululo siyanceda ukunciphisa iimfuno zamandla yeefama kunye nokunciphisa ukufumba kwenkunkuma kwindalo esingqongileyo, ingxaki eya isiba mbi nangakumbi.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nenzuzo kwezoqoqosho
Impembelelo entle yokuveliswa kwe-biogas ayiphelelanga kwintsimi yamandla. Ngokunciphisa ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma yezolimo ngokungafanelekanga kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemethane emoyeni, mpe mbelelo eyayanyaniswa nolawulo lwale nkunkuma. Okokugqibela, imveliso ye-biogas evela kwinkunkuma yezolimo nayo icacile inzuzo kwezoqoqosho kumashishini ezolimo, njengoko ivumela ukufikelela kwimithombo emitsha yengeniso kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zamandla.
Izityalo zeBiogas, nokuba zinkulu okanye zikwiifama ezincinci, zisisisombululo esisebenzayo nesinoqoqosho kwiingxaki ezininzi ezijongene nezolimo zanamhlanje. Nge isicwangciso esifanelekileyo sokucola ukutya, abalimi banokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezityalo zabo ze-biogas, igalelo ekuzinzeni kokusingqongileyo kunye nenzuzo yeefama zabo.
Indlela eya kulawulo lwenkunkuma olusebenzayo noluzinzileyo luhamba ngokudityaniswa kobuchwepheshe kunye nezenzo ezifana nezi. Njengoko uxinzelelo lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ukwamkelwa kwezi zisombululo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Njengoko siqhubeleka nophando kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma yezolimo ukuveliswa kwegesi yebhayoloji, ishishini lezolimo linokuba ngomnye wabaqhubi abakhulu benguqu ukuya kumandla acocekileyo, azinzileyo.
Busuku benzolo! apho ndingafumana khona idatha okanye uxwebhu olubonisa olu hlobo lophando. Enkosi