La ishishini lenyukliya ibingumxholo weempikiswano ezininzi ukutyhubela iminyaka. Nangona ngokuqhelekileyo idlulisela ulwazi olucinga ukuba luhle kwaye lufuna ukugcina ukunamathela kunye nenkxaso yezopolitiko, ayifane inike umbono opheleleyo ovumela uluntu ukuba luqulunqe uluvo olubalulekileyo malunga nokusebenza kwayo kunye neengozi ezinxulumene nobu buchwepheshe. Kweli nqaku, sicalula inani leenyaniso ezothusayo malunga namandla enyukliya ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ubungazazi.
Umngcipheko wemali: akukho nkampani ye-inshurensi efuna ukuqinisekisa izityalo zenyukliya
Umngcipheko omkhulu wengozi kunye nobukhulu bomonakalo onokuthi uvelise isiganeko senyukliya kuye kwathetha oko akukho nkampani ye-inshurensi ukulungele ukugubungela le mingcipheko. Oku kungenxa yokuba nengozi encinci inokubangela ilahleko enkulu yezemali, yenze ukuba kube nzima uku-inshurensi ezi ntlobo zezibonelelo. Akukho mgaqo-nkqubo we-inshorensi kwiziko lamandla enyukliya ehlabathini. Oku kuthetha ukuba, xa kwenzeka intlekele, umthwalo wezoqoqosho uwela kakhulu koorhulumente kwaye, ngoko, kubemi.
Inkxaso-mali karhulumente igcina izityalo zenyukliya zisebenza
Kumazwe amaninzi, amaziko amandla enyukliya Abakwazi ukuzimela ngokwezoqoqosho. Enyanisweni, kuwo onke amazwe apho akhoyo Izixhobo zenyukliya, ezi zifuna uhlobo oluthile lwenkxaso-mali okanye uncedo lukarhulumente ekusebenzeni kwazo. Umzekelo ocacileyo wale meko yimeko yaseUnited States, apho nje Kwiminyaka emibini, uncediso-mali olufikelela kuma-20.000 eebhiliyoni zeerandi lwanikezelwa. kweli shishini.
Olu hlobo loncedo lwenza amandla enyukliya akhuphisane ngakumbi amandla ahlaziyekayo, ehlala ifumana inkxaso yelizwe elincinci. Umbhida kukuba ngelixa oorhulumente besabela iimali ezinkulu ukuxhasa amandla enyukliya, inkxaso-mali yamandla acocekileyo nahlaziyiweyo idla ngokulinganiselwe kwaye ingumbandela wengxoxo.
Ingxaki yenkunkuma yenyukliya
Olona celomngeni lukhulu lwamandla enyukliya kukumosha kwawo. Inkunkuma yenyukliya Zigcinwa, zitshixelwe okanye zingcwatywe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeplanethi. Kukho izixa ezikhulu ze amangcwaba enyukliya, abanye babo abagunyaziswanga ngokusemthethweni ukuba bafumane ezi zinto. Ngaphezu koko, izihlandlo ezininzi, amazwe angenawo amandla enyukliya aye avuma ukufumana inkunkuma yenyukliya ukuze afumane imbuyekezo yezoqoqosho.
Ngaphandle kweenzame zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwazo, ubomi obuluncedo bezi diphozithi bulinganiselwe. Uninzi lwazo lwenzelwe ukuhlala ubuninzi be 100 iminyaka, ngelixa ezinye iinkunkuma zinobomi be-radioactive obunokuhlala phakathi Iminyaka ye-300 kunye ne-24.000, ebonisa ingozi enkulu yexesha elide.
Ukonyuka komngcipheko ngobudala
Amathuba eengozi ayanda njengoko izityalo zenyukliya zikhula. Ezona zityalo zindala, ezinye zinezininzi kune Iminyaka engama-40 yokusebenza, zikumazwe afana neUnited Kingdom, iUnited States kunye namanye amazwe aseYurophu. Olu fakelo lufuna uhlolo olungqongqo kunye nohlaziyo oluqhubekayo ukukhusela ukusilela, kodwa njengoko ludlula iminyaka engama-20 yobomi bokusebenza, umngcipheko weengozi uyanda kakhulu.
Impembelelo encinci ekudaleni imisebenzi
Ngokuchasene neenkolelo ezithandwayo, ishishini lenyukliya Ayivelisi inani elikhulu lemisebenzi. Nangona ifuna abasebenzi abaqeqeshwe ngokuphezulu, inani labasebenzi kwiplanti nganye liphantsi. Kuyo yonke i-European Union, umzekelo, kukho kuphela 400.000 imisebenzi ezinxulumene neshishini lenyukliya, elimele inani eliphantsi kakhulu xa lithelekiswa namanye amacandelo amandla, afana nalawo ahlaziyekayo.
Ngaba ngokwenene ngumthombo wamandla acocekileyo?
Amandla enyukliya asoloko eboniswa njengokhetho olungahlawulelwayo. Ukukhutshwa kwe CO2, kodwa oku akuyonyani ngokupheleleyo. Nangona oomatshini bamandla enyukliya bengazikhuphi iigesi ezingcolisekileyo ngexesha lokwenziwa kombane, umjikelo wonke wokuvelisa amandla enyukliya awukhuphi izinto ezikhutshwayo. Amanqanaba afana nokumbiwa kwe-uranium, ukuveliswa kwepetroli, ukwakhiwa kunye nokuchithwa kwezityalo ezilandelayo kufuna amafutha e-fossil kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuvelisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
Ukongezelela, amaziko avelisa amandla enyukliya anesidingo esikhulu yamanzi okupholisa, engenakukwazi ukusebenza kwimeko-bume yokutshintsha kwemozulu, apho amaqondo obushushu ehlabathi asanda yaye imithombo yamanzi iyancipha ngakumbi.
Okukhona siyazi ngakumbi malunga ne ishishini lenyukliya, kokukhona sibuqonda ngakumbi ubungozi obububekayo kuluntu nakwimekobume ngokubanzi. Phezu kwawo nje umtsalane osenokuba nawo njengomthombo wamandla, asifanele sizibethe ngoyaba iingxaki neengozi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwawo. Okwangoku, zikho ezinye iindlela ezivuselelekayo, njengamandla elanga nawomoya, abonelela ngombane ozinzileyo ngaphandle kweengozi zendalo eziza namandla enyukliya.