Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo, injineli uPeter Glaser wayecinga njalo iiphaneli zelanga esithubeni Ukuthumela umbane eMhlabeni; loo mbono, igcinwe amashumi eminyaka ngenxa yokuntsokotha kwayo kunye neendleko, ngoku ibuya neengxoxo ezintsha kunye nedatha entsha.
Iqhutywa kukungxamiseka kwemozulu kunye nokuhla kwamaxabiso okuphehlelelwa, amandla elanga elanga (SBSP) ahambile ukusuka kuqikelelo ukuya kwiimodeli zamandla: uhlalutyo lwamva nje lwezifundo iphonononga ukuba ingangena njani na kwinkqubo yaseYurophu kwaye kuya kufuneka ntoni ukuyenza ibe lukhetho lokwenene.
Yintoni amandla elanga kwaye kutheni ibuyele kwi-ajenda?
Umphezulu welanga namandla omoya acocekile kodwa ngamanye amaxesha: axhomekeke kwimozulu kunye nomjikelo wemini nobusuku. I-SBSP icebisa ngokubeka iisathelayithi. kwi-geostationary orbit, apho ukukhanya kwelanga kuqhubekayo kwaye kungekho lahleko emoyeni, ukuvelisa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kunye nokunciphisa imfuno yokugcina.
Ukusukela malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-36.000 ukuphakama, ezi satellite ziya kujongisa imiphezulu yazo ukuze zibambe imitha ngendlela ezinzileyo kwaye ukuhambisa amandla emhlabeni kusetyenziswa ii-microwaves ezijoliswe kwizikhululo ezithile zokwamkela.
Yintoni eziswa luhlalutyo olutsha
Uphononongo olukhokelwa yiKholeji yaseKing yaseLondon kwaye yapapashwa kwijenali iJoule iye yalinganisa inkqubo ye-decarbonized yaseYurophu ngo-2050 kunye nangaphandle kwe-SBSP. Iziphumo zayo zibonisa ukuba, ukuba imilinganiselo yeendleko ezithile ifikelelwe, amandla asuka kwi-orbit anakho ukunciphisa iindleko zizonke zenkqubo umbane phakathi kwe-7% kunye ne-15%.
Imodeli ikwacebisa ukuba i-SBSP iya kuvumela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-a 80% umthamo umoya oselunxwemeni kunye namandla elanga kunye nokusika ukusetyenziswa kwebhetri ngaphezu kwe-70%, ngelixa ugcina imfuno yokugcina i-hydrogen yexesha elithile kubusika obuthile. Ngokwemeko yezoqoqosho, ukonga okunokubakho kuqikelelwa kumashumi eebhiliyoni zeeyuro ngonyaka.
Izakhiwo ezimbini eziphikisanayo: i-heliostats kunye neplani yeplani
Iqela livavanye iikhonsepthi ezimbini ezicetyiswe yiNASA. Elona bhongo ligquba le-heliostat: Iimodyuli zodidi lwe "hive". ngezibonisi ezininzi ezinehexagonal eziqondisa ukukhanya kwisidibanisi esisembindini. Ubukho bayo bamandla buphantse buqhubeke (malunga nama-99%), kodwa ifuna ukuqhubela phambili kwethekhinoloji kunye namalungiselelo.
Okwesibini, okubizwa ngokuba yi "mature" planar array, is a satellite more commonly with a sandwich architecture (reception on the side, transmission on the other). Ilula kwaye isondele ekuboniseni, nangona yayo Ubukho bumalunga nama-60%, i-jump ephawulekayo ukusuka kwi-15-30% eqhelekileyo yeepaneli zomhlaba, kodwa ngaphantsi kwe-swarm.
Iza kusebenza njani: ukusuka kwi-orbit ukuya kwinethiwekhi
Iskimu sokusebenza siyafana nesathelayithi yonxibelelwano, kodwa elungiselelwe amandla. Okokuqala, i ukuqaliswa kunye nokusasazwa ukusuka kwisathelayithi ukuya kwi-geostationary orbit, ilandelwa kukuzinziswa kwayo kunye nokulinganisa.
Iiphaneli okanye izibonisi ke ziqhelanisa ngokuzimeleyo imiphezulu yazo bamba imitha rhoqo; umbane owenziweyo uguqulwa ube zii-microwaves ngokusebenza okuphezulu.
I-beam yamandla ijoliswe emhlabeni kunye nolawulo lwesigaba esichanekileyo kunye nokukhomba ukufikelela iirectenna ezinkulu (izikhululo zokufumana iikhilomitha eziliqela) apho umqondiso uguqulwa ubuyele kumsinga wombane osebenzisekayo.
Loo mbane unjalo ifaka kwinethiwekhi okanye zigcinwe, kuxhomekeke kwimfuno. Yonke le nkqubo ifuna ungqamaniso, ulawulo oluphezulu lwe-thermal, kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko ezithintela ukuxinana kwamandla e-beam kumanqanaba alawulwayo.
Iindleko, imihla ebekiweyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza
Isitshixo sophononongo silele ekucingeni kweendleko. Ukuze ube nokhuphiswano, uyilo lwe-heliostat kufuneka luguqukele kwixabiso elilinganayo leyunithi kufutshane Amaxesha ali-14 kunalawo eephaneli uluhlu lwehlabathi oluqikelelweyo ngo-2050; Uluhlu olucwangcisiweyo, malunga namaxesha ali-9. Namhlanje, loo manani asekude kujoliswe kuko.
Ukongeza kwi-hardware, izigaba ezibalulekileyo azikho: uvavanyo olukhulu uthumelo lwamandla angenazingcingo, ukudityaniswa kwerobhothi kwi-orbit, ulungiselelo lwenkonzo, kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma yendawo. Ezi zincediswa zizikhokelo zolawulo lokhuseleko lwemitha, ukulungelelaniswa kwendawo yomoya, kunye nokukhuselwa kwenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi.
Zithini iingcali
Ukususela kuluntu lwezenzululwazi, ukunyanzeliswa kwezoqoqosho kuhlalutyo kunconywa, kodwa kuyaphawulwa ukuba ayisombululi "njani." Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi Olga Zamora Iphakamisa imibuzo malunga nolwakhiwo, ukuqaliswa, ukudityaniswa kwe-orbital, inkunkuma yendawo, ummiselo, kunye neempembelelo ezinokuthi zibe kho ekuphononongweni kwesibhakabhaka.
Ingcali yemozulu Pep Canadell Ugxininisa ukuba iteknoloji isekude ukuba isebenze kwinqanaba elikhulu kwaye ifuna i-R&D enkulu ngaphandle kweziqinisekiso. Isincomo sakhe sicacile: ukunyusa uphando kwi-SBSP, ewe, kodwa ngaphandle kokucotha ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo ezivuthiweyo kunye nokugcinwa esele kukho.
Imaphu yendlela enezigaba
Umsebenzi ngokwawo uphakamisa isicwangciso esinezigaba: qala nge ababonisi be-matrix iplani, iqondakala ngakumbi kwixesha elifutshane, ngelixa uphuhliso lwe-heliostat swarm lukhawuleza. Ngokunxuseneyo, ukuncitshiswa kweendleko zokuqaliswa kunye nenkqubela phambili kwi-robotics ye-orbital iya kuba sigqibo.
IYurophu ibona le ndlela kwisakhelo samanyathelo anjenge I-Solaris (ESA), ngelixa amazwe afana neTshayina, iJapan, iUnited States, iIndiya, iUnited Kingdom kunye neRussia nawo esenza intshukumo. Ukuba i-SBSP iyavuthwa, inokomeleza ukhuseleko lonikezelo kwaye incede ukufezekisa injongo ukukhutshwa kwe-zero embindini wenkulungwane.
Isithembiso sokuguqula indawo ibe “yisikhululo samandla elanga” esingaphazamisekiyo sinomtsalane njengoko sifuna: kukho amandla okwenza inkqubo ingabizi kakhulu kwaye izinzise igridi, kodwa imingeni isaqhubeka. imiqobo yobugcisa, yezoqoqosho nezentlalo ezifuna ukudibanisa amabhongo kunye nobulumko kwaye singazihoyi izisombululo esele zisebenza phantsi.