Iiproteni zezilwanyana Badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutyeni kwethu kwaye, ngakumbi, kugcino nophuhliso lwe izihlunu zemisipha. Nangona kunjalo, imveliso yayo ekhulayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo ivelisa iingxoxo ezibalulekileyo malunga nokuzinza kunye mpe mbelelo. Eli nqaku lijongana nefuthe lezondlo kunye ne-ecological yokutya iiprotheyini zezilwanyana, kwaye kutheni kuyimfuneko ukuphinda sihlolisise ukhetho lwethu lokutya kwimeko yokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Indima yeeprotheyini ekutyeni kwethu
Iiprotheyini ziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni komzimba womntu. Ukongeza, iimbaleki, abantu abafuna ukunciphisa umzimba okanye ukugcina nje impilo enempilo, badla ngokwandisa iprotheyini yabo. Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye enkulu yezi proteni, ngakumbi ezo zemvelaphi yezilwanyana, ziphezulu iindleko zokusingqongileyo.
Oku kunyuka kokusetyenziswa kuhamba kunye nengxaki yobuninzi babantu: kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2050, ihlabathi liya kuba likhaya labemi be-9,6 yezigidigidi. Ukugcina izinga lemveliso yeeproteni zezilwanyana ukuhlangabezana nale mfuno ayinakwenzeka ngokwembono ye-ikholoji. Kungoku nje, ama-70% omhlaba olimekayo kunye nama-40% eesiriyeli ezilungiselelwe imveliso yemfuyo.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yemveliso yeprotheyini yezilwanyana
Enye yeziphumo ezimangalisayo zokutya iiproteni zemvelaphi yezilwanyana yi imprint yamanzi. Ukuvelisa ikhilogram enye yenkomo, umzekelo, kufuna ukuya kwi-15.000 ilitha zamanzi, ngokweengxelo ze-UNESCO. Oku kusetyenziswa kakhulu kobutyebi kwenza ukufuywa kwezilwanyana kwizinga elikhulu kungabikho kuzinza. Imeko imbi ngakumbi ukuba siqwalasela ukuba ipesenti enkulu yaloo manzi alungiselelwe izityalo ezondla izilwanyana ngokuthe ngqo endaweni yabantu.
Ukongeza kumanzi, udinga izixhobo ezinamandla enkulu ukuvelisa inyama. Umzekelo, ukufumana ikhilogram enye yenkomo, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7 kilos ye-cereals kufuneka idliwe, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni kwamandla aphantsi. Kumjikelo wobomi bayo, inkomo ingatya ukuya kutsho kwi-1300 kg yeenkozo phambi kokuba ixhelwe.
Ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga Igesi yendlu eluhlaza, ukufuya ngokunzulu nako kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Izilwanyana ezondlayo, njengeenkomo neegusha, zinoxanduva lokukhupha imethane, igesi yegreenhouse ephindwe kangangama-25 ngaphezu kwekharbon diokside. Oku kukhutshwayo kuyenza ibe mandundu ingxaki yemozulu, kwangaxeshanye imveliso yenyama yemizi-mveliso imele ama-56-58% ezinto ezikhutshwayo zehlabathi ezivela kwicandelo lokutya.
Ukuthelekisa kunye neeprotheni zemifuno
Ngokunikwa le panorama, inguqu eya kwizidlo ezisekelwe kwi iiprotheni zemifuno. Iiprotheyini zezityalo azinayo impembelelo ephantsi kakhulu yokusingqongileyo, kodwa nazo ziyindlela ezinzileyo. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje, olufana nolo lweYunivesithi yaseOxford ngo-2018, lubonisa ukuba ukutshintshela kwimveliso esekwe kwizityalo kunokunciphisa iziphumo zenyama kwimozulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-92%.
Umzekelo, ukulinywa kwe peas o amandongomane ukusetyenziswa kwabantu kunomlinganiselo ophantsi kakhulu wokusingqongileyo kunokulima kwezilwanyana. Imifuno idinga umhlaba kunye namanzi amancinci, kwaye ikhupha iigesi ezincinci ze-greenhouse kwigram nganye yeprotheni abayinikezelayo.
Ngapha koko, isifundo kwijenali inzululwazi ugqibe kwelokuba, ngokumalunga nokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse, iimveliso zezityalo zineempembelelo ezingaphantsi ngokuphindwe kashumi kunemveliso yezilwanyana. Ngoko ke, ukutya okusekelwe kwizityalo akugcini nje ngokuhambelana nokusingqongileyo, kodwa kunika izibonelelo zempilo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukutshintsha yonke imveliso yemfuyo kwizityalo zemifuno ayisosisombululo silula. Iingcali ezifana noPablo Manzano, kwiZiko leBasque loTshintsho lweMozulu, baqaqambise ukuba imfuyo eninzi, esekwe edlelweni, idlala indima eyakhayo kwintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana eziphilayo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kwendawo. Ngelixa i imfuyo yemizi-mveliso kuneempembelelo eziphezulu ezingalunganga, ukufuya ngokuphangaleleyo kunokuba yinxalenye yesisombululo esihlanganisiweyo.
Izisombululo kunye nezindululo zokunciphisa impembelelo
Nangona utshintsho oluya kwinkqubo yokutya eluhlaza luyinkimbinkimbi, kukho ezininzi amanyathelo ezifuna ukuthomalalisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kwimveliso yeprotheyini yezilwanyana. Enye yazo kukuphucuka kolawulo lwezibonelelo kwiifama. Umzekelo, inkqubela yenziwe kwi uguqulelo feed, eye yafikelela ekubeni ukutya okuncinci ngoku kuyafuneka ukuvelisa inani elifanayo lenyama okanye iimveliso eziphumayo, ezifana namaqanda.
Ukongeza, amanye amashishini ayazisa Iibhayoloji eyenziwe kwimveliso yezilwanyana, enegalelo ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kweCO2 yehlabathi jikelele eveliswa kwizityalo ezilungisayo. Kwelinye icala, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe inkunkuma kwakhona kudlala indima ebalulekileyo, ukuguqula inkunkuma ephilayo ibe yibiodiesel okanye izichumisi.
Ukongeza koku, ezinye iindlela ziyaphuhliswa ezinokuthi zitshintshe umdlalo, njenge inyama ekhulisiwe kunye ukuvubela ngokuchanekileyo. Le nkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe inokubonelela ngeeprotheni ezineprofayili yesondlo esifanayo njengeeprotheni zezilwanyana, kodwa ngempembelelo ephantsi yokusingqongileyo.
Njengoko inani labemi behlabathi liqhubeka lisanda, umba wempembelelo yemekobume yeeproteni zezilwanyana ungxamiseka ngakumbi. Kubalulekile ukufumana ulungelelwano phakathi kokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokutya nokukhusela ubuncwane bendalo besi sijikelezi-langa. Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwenyama kumazwe apho kuphakamileyo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuveliswa kwemfuyo ezinzileyo ngamanyathelo asisiseko kwisisombululo.