Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, inkxalabo malunga imeko yamahlathi epine yaseSpain iye yanda. Iingcali, imibutho yendalo esingqongileyo, kunye nolawulo lukawonke-wonke baye bajolisa ekwehleni kolu hlobo luphawu lwamahlathi ethu, bebalaselisa imingcipheko enzulu ebangelwa zizinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, izifo, kunye nokungazaliswa kwakhona okulinganiselweyo kwemizekelo. Kuzo zombini iindawo ezinamahlathi kunye neendawo zasezidolophini, iipines ziye zaba yinto ephambili kwi-ajenda yendalo kunye nokhuseleko loluntu.
La indibaniselwano yezinto Ukuncipha kwamasimi, ukwanda kweentlobo zezityalo ezihlaselayo, kunye nesisongelo sezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo kubangela imekobume enzima yokulondolozwa kwale mithi. Ngaphaya koko, ezinye iziganeko zakutsha nje ziye zaqaqambisa imfuneko yokomeleza ukubekwa esweni nokugcinwa kwemithi yompayina kwindawo yasezidolophini ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabantu.
I-Pine acreage iyancipha: isilumkiso eGalicia
EGalicia, i Arume Foundation, emele ikhonkco lamahlathi, iye yakhala i-alam phezu kwe ilahleko eqhubekayo yeendawo zepine ekuhlaleni. Ngokutsho kwedatha eqokelelwe liqela lakhe, kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu edlulileyo, malunga Iihektare ezingama-9.300 zehlathi lepine ngokomlinganiselo ngonyakaAmasimi amatsha kunye nohlaziyo lwendalo, olungadluliyo kwiihektare ezingama-5.700 ngonyaka, alwanelanga ukuphelisa ilahleko ebangelwa kukugawulwa kwemithi, ukwanda kwezifo nemililo.
Le meko isongela ngokuthe ngqo indima ethatha isigqibo Iphayini idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ecosystem yaseGalician, kungekhona nje kwimbono yokusingqongileyo, kodwa nakwimbono yentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho. Isiseko sigxininisa ukubaluleka kokuphucula i-genetics yeentlobo ezityalwayo ukuze zikwazi ukumelana nezifo, ngaphezu kokukhuthaza ukukhuthazwa koluntu okukhuthaza ukutyalwa kunye nokulawulwa okuzinzileyo kwe-conifers.
Ukunyuka kwe-eucalyptus kunye noxinzelelo kwipine
Omnye wemiba exhalabisa kakhulu icandelo kukuqhubekeka Ukwandiswa kwe-eucalyptus, uhlobo oluye lwandisa ubukho bayo malunga neehektare ezingama-6.000 kunyaka ophelileyo kuphela eGalicia, ukufikelela kumanani malunga neehektare ezingama-430.000. Uloyiko lokuba ukunyenyiselwa kwezithintelo kumasimi amatsha eeucalyptus kuya kuyenza ibe mandundu ilahleko yamahlathi ompayina lukhuthaze isicelo sokuba ukwandiswa kokumiswa kolu didi ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu ngaphezulu. Kungenjalo, ukunyamalala kwamahlathi ompayina kunokukhawulezisa nangakumbi.
Izinambuzane, isoyikiso esiqhubekayo: imeko yecaterpillar ehamba phambili
Phakathi kwezoyikiso eziphambili ezijongene namahlathi epine yi ipine processionary (Thaumetopea pityocampa), isitshabalalisi esichaphazela amahlathi kunye neendawo zasezidolophini. IBhunga leDolophu yaseCalvià eMallorca kutshanje liye lagxininisa ukubaluleka kokungenelela ehlotyeni, xa umbungu uguquka ube libhabhathane, ukunqanda ukwanda kwawo. Umasipala usasaza imigibe yeepheromone ukulawula olu hlobo, ecebisa ukuba abahlali bazifake ekuqaleni kwehlobo kwaye intsebenziswano yabemi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo, njengoko isitshabalalisi singahlukanisi phakathi komhlaba kawonke wonke kunye nomhlaba wabucala.
Ubukho becaterpillar ejikelezayo bubeka umngcipheko wezempilo kubantu kunye nezilwanyana zasekhaya, kwaye kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumahlathi epine ukuba awulungiswanga ngokukhawuleza. Amaphulo okusasaza imigibe kunye nokwazisa abahlali ajolise ekunciphiseni inani leemopane kunye nokuthintela iingxaki ezinzulu ngeenyanga ezibandayo.
Iziganeko zasezidolophini: ukuwa kwemithi yepine kunye nemingcipheko ehambelana nayo
Ngaphandle kwemiceli mngeni yamahlathi, imithi yompayina ebekwe kwindawo ezisezidolophini nayo ifuna ukuhoywa rhoqo kwabasemagunyeni. Kutshanje, kwizixeko ezifana I-Benidorm y Reus, iziganeko ezibandakanya ukuwa kweesampuli ezinkulu zenzeke, zenza umonakalo wezinto eziphathekayo kwizithuthi kwaye zifuna ukungenelela ngokukhawuleza ngeenkonzo zongxamiseko.
E-Benidorm, umthi wepine wawa ekuseni kusasa kwiimoto ezininzi kwindawo yokupaka kufuphi nendawo yokupaka kamasipala e-Poniente Beach, efuna ukuvalwa kwendawo kunye nokungenelela kwamapolisa asekuhlaleni kunye nabacimi bomlilo ukuphelisa iingozi kunye nokususa i-debris. E-Reus, abacimi-mlilo bangenelele ukuwisa umthi wepayini ongqingqwa kumjikelo we-Islas Baleares, ukuthintela ukwenzakala okunokwenzeka komntu okanye umonakalo wepropathi. Ezi ziganeko zigxininisa ukubaluleka kokubeka iliso kunye nolondolozo lothintelo. yemithi yepine kwiindawo zasezidolophini, ngakumbi kwimozulu eshushu okanye emva kwemvula enkulu nomoya.
Ikamva lamahlathi ompayina eSpeyin lixhomekeke ekwandiseni amasimi, ukutyala imali ekuphuculeni imizila yemfuza, ukubeka iliso kwizitshabalalisi kunye nezoyikiso zezifo, kunye nokunikela ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kukhuseleko kwindawo ezidolophini apho le mithi ihlala kunye nabemi. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwabalawuli, abanini-mhlaba, kunye nabahlali iya kuba yimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umthi wepayina uhlala ulolona hlobo lubalulekileyo kumhlaba wethu nakwizixeko.
