Imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo: ukubaluleka kwayo kunye nekamva

Ngakumbi nangakumbi ziyaphuhliswa kwihlabathi Imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuchithwa kwamafutha e-fossil sele kusondele kwaye ungcoliseko oluveliswa ngokutshiswa kwegesi, i-oyile kunye namalahle kwandisa imiphumo emibi yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Utyalo-mali kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo, nangona ekuqaleni zibiza kakhulu, lubalulekile ukuphumelela umlo ochasene nale meko kunye nokuqinisekisa ikamva lamandla azinzileyo.

Umhlaba ufuna imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo ngakumbi

Amandla acocekileyo, ngokwandayo, ayindlela eyimfuneko kwiinkqubo zamandla ehlabathi. Isitshixo ekuqinisekiseni ikamva lamandla azinzileyo lilele ukubheja a uqoqosho olusekelwe kumandla ahlaziyekayo, ezingacocekanga kuphela, kodwa zifikeleleka kwaye zifikeleleke kuwo onke amazwe. Ngokoqikelelo lwe I-Arhente yaMandla aHlaziywayo yeHlabathi (IRENA)Ngo-2050, i-90% yombane wehlabathi unokuvela kwimithombo evuselelekayo, efana nomoya okanye ilanga, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuxhomekeka kumafutha e-fossil.

Ngaphaya koko, masikhumbule ukuba izinto ezihlaziyiweyo Azikhuphi iigesi zegreenhouse, okanye zikhupha ngezixa ezincinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezibaso zefosili njengeoyile namalahle. Ukusetyenziswa kwale mithombo yamandla kunegalelo ngokuthe ngqo ekudambiseni umonakalo wokufudumala kwehlabathi, omnye weyona mingeni inkulu kule nkulungwane yama-21.

Guqula kwimodeli yamandla aseYurophu

Ukutshintsha iipateni zokusetyenziswa kwamandla akuyonto ilula. Nangona kunjalo, kuyafuneka ukwamkela imodeli yamandla esekwe kwimithombo ecocekileyo enciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kweCO2. EYurophu, izixeko ezininzi kunye neenkampani zikhokela olu tshintsho, zingoovulindlela naxa kukho umthetho ongekafuni manyathelo angqongqo. Umzekelo, amazwe afana neSweden sele efikelele kwi-60% yamandla ahlaziyekayo kumxube wawo wamandla.

I-EU ibeke iinjongo ezicacileyo ze-2030, ezifana ne-32% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla okuvela kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo. Ezinye izixeko ezinjengeBarcelona, ​​​​iPamplona okanye iCórdoba zenza iinkampani zikamasipala ezizinikele ekuthengiseni amandla avuselelekayo, zithatha inyathelo eliya phambili kumlo wabo wokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zemithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo

Imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo yahlukile. Abona baziwa kakhulu nabaxhatshazwa kakhulu ngoku baquka:

• Amandla esola: Ibamba amandla elanga kwaye ifikeleleka ngakumbi kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yeendleko ezihlayo zokufakela iipaneli zelanga.
• Amandla omoya: Isebenzisa amandla omoya ukwenza umbane. Amazwe afana neDenmark afumana ngaphezulu kwe-40% yombane wawo kulo mthombo.
• Amandla ombane: Iveliswe kumandla wamanzi ahambayo. Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni kobutyebi bamanzi.
• Amandla ombane: Kuxhomekeke kwindawo ye-geological, isebenze kakhulu ukufudumeza izakhiwo, kwiindawo apho izixhobo ezingaphantsi komhlaba zivumela.

Amandla ngamanye kula mandla anika uncedo oluthile ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yejografi kunye noqoqosho lwelizwe eliwasebenzisayo, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili.

Utyalo-mali kumandla ahlaziyekayo

Nangona utyalo-mali kumandla ahlaziyekayo lufuna utyalo-mali oluphezulu lokuqala, luba sisigqibo esinenzuzo kwixesha elide. Icandelo le-photovoltaic liye lafumana ukuhla okukhulu kwamaxabiso eepaneli zelanga, okuvumela ukuba amakhaya amaninzi kunye namashishini afikelele kule teknoloji, inkqubo eye yakhawuleza yinkqubela phambili ekusebenzeni kakuhle.

Ngaphaya koko, utyalo-mali kumandla ahlaziyekayo aluzunceda kuphela abo baluphumezayo, kodwa noluntu luphela. Obu bugcisa kunye neeprojekthi zenza igalelo kuhlumo loqoqosho olubandakanyayo, ukuvelisa imisebenzi kunye nokukhuthaza ukuqalwa kwezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe.

Ezezimali kutyalo mali oluhlaziyiweyo

Namhlanje, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zenkxaso-mali zokwenza utyalo-mali lokuqala kumandla ahlaziyekayo. Ukusuka kwiimali mboleko zomntu ukuya kwizivumelwano zokuxhasa ngemali abantu abaninzi, ukufikelela kumandla acocekileyo kuyinyani kwinani elikhulayo labantu kunye namashishini.

Indima yemibutho yezemali kule nkqubo ingundoqo, kuba inika iimali-mboleko kwinzala ephantsi kunye neekhomishini ezincitshisiweyo zokukhuthaza utshintsho lwamandla ngokubhekiselele kwimodeli esekelwe kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo. Ngaphezu koko, kumazwe amaninzi, kukho uncedo lukarhulumente kunye nenkxaso-mali eququzelela ukufakwa kweenkqubo zokuzithengela.

Izizathu zokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo

Amandla ahlaziyekayo abalulekile kwikamva elizinzileyo. Ezinye zezizathu eziphambili zokubheja kuzo zezi:

1. Ukunciphisa ungcoliseko: Banceda ukulwa ngokufanelekileyo nokutshintsha kwemozulu kwaye baphephe umonakalo ongenakulungiseka wokusingqongileyo.
2. Ukufikeleleka kwamandla: Bavumela iinkonzo ezisisiseko ukuba ziziswe kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni okanye ezikwanti, ziqinisekisa ukufikelela kwamanzi, umbane kunye nobushushu.
3. Ukunyuswa kwezoqoqosho: Akhuthaza ukukhula kwamashishini aluhlaza, adale izigidi zemisebenzi kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye akhuthaze uphuhliso loqoqosho.
4. Uphuhliso nophuhliso lobuchwephesha: Amandla ahlaziyekayo aqhuba uphando kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha obufana ne-hydrogen eluhlaza, enokuguqula ikamva lamandla.

Ukukhuthazwa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo ayingomsebenzi wokusingqongileyo nje kuphela, kodwa ngumqhubi wezoqoqosho nentlalontle ukwenzela ikamva elicocekileyo, elisebenzayo nelinobulungisa kubo bonke.