La ingqiqo (AI) iye yaba yenye yezona teknoloji zinempembelelo kule nkulungwane, iguqula yonke into ukusuka kwindlela esisebenzisana ngayo nezixhobo ukuya kwindlela izigqibo ezenziwa ngayo kumacandelo abalulekileyo afana impilo, la imfundo kunye shishini. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubela phambili ithembisayo iza nomceli mngeni obalulekileyo: impembelelo yayo kwi benzisa de amandla kwaye, ke ngoko, kwi ngileyo.
Ukungena kwe-AI kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla ayikokutshintsha nje amashishini, kodwa kukwavelisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ukuphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokuzinza kwayo kwexesha elide. Ukususela kwi amaziko edatha Ukusuka kumaziko eenkcukacha ezifunekayo ukuqeqesha iimodeli eziphambili ukuya kwiziseko zokugcina idatha, iindleko zamandla e-AI zifikelela kumanqanaba angazange abonwe ngaphambili.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla emva koqeqesho lwemodeli ye-AI
Ukuqeqesha imodeli ye-AI yokuvelisa akukho msebenzi olula. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukusetyenzwa izixa ezikhulu yedatha nge izixhobo ezikhethekileyo njengaye GPU (iiyunithi zokulungisa imizobo), ezifuna isixa esikhulu samandla. Ngokomzekelo, kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuqeqesha imodeli I-GPT-3 de I-OpenAI Ngaphezulu kwe-1000 kwatyiwa I-78,000 kWh yamandla, inani elilingana nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kwikhaya laseSpain ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amabini.
Oku kusetyenziswa kwamandla akuchaphazeli kuphela iinkampani ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-OpenAI okanye i-Google, kodwa impembelelo yayo iphindaphindeka njengoko iinkampani ezininzi zisebenzisa izisombululo ze-AI. Ngokwezifundo, i-AI ngoku idla ngokujikeleza I-4.3 GW yamandla kwihlabathi jikelele, inani elifana nemfuno yamandla ye amazwe amancinci.
Indima yamaziko edatha kwi-footprint yamandla
Los amaziko edatha zisisiseko se-AI. Ezi ndawo zihlala iiseva ukusebenza ubusuku nemini ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ze-AI zisebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuqhubeka kwamandla kuza kwixabiso eliphezulu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba amaziko edatha asele enoxanduva 1% yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yehlabathi, ipesenti enokwanda ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ukunika amandla ezi ndawo, iinkampani ezininzi zisaxhomekeke kwimithombo engahlaziyekiyo njenge amalahle kunye igesi yendalo. Oku akuchaphazeli nje kuphela ukufudumala kwehlabathi, kodwa kwakhona ibeka umva iinjongo zozinzo eziye zabhengezwa esidlangalaleni ezinye iinkampani zobuchwepheshe.
Amandla ahlaziyekayo, esona sisombululo sithembisayo?
Ukuchasana nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla e-AI, iinkampani ezininzi zibheja Imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo ezifana nelanga, umoya kunye nombane wamanzi. UGoogle, umzekelo, wenze inkqubela phambili ekusebenziseni amanye amaziko edatha yakhe 100% yamandla ahlaziyekayo, ukusayina izivumelwano zokuthenga amandla aluhlaza kunye nezakhiwo zokwakha kufuphi nezixhobo ezizinzileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, amandla avuselelekayo amele a umngeni wobugcisa: Ubume bayo obuphakathi, obuxhomekeke kwimozulu, bunokuphazamisa ukufumaneka kokunikezelwa rhoqo, kubalulekile ukugcina amaziko edatha asebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku. Ukunciphisa le ngxaki, iinkampani zityala imali iinkqubo zokugcina amandla, njengoko iibhetri umthamo omkhulu, nangona esi sicwangciso sandisa iindleko zokusebenza.
Ukukhangela ezinye iindlela: amandla enyukliya?
Ukusetyenziswa amandla enyukliya njengomthombo kumaziko edatha yamandla yenye intsingiselo evelayo. Ithathwa njengomthombo wamandla acocekileyo ngenxa yezinga lawo eliphantsi lokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngexesha lomjikelo wobomi bayo, amandla enyukliya aba sisisombululo esisebenzayo. Iinkampani ezifana meta Baye babonisa ukuba ukugubungela iimfuno zabo ze-AI zexesha elizayo banokufuna amandla alingana nawo izixhobo zenyukliya ezimbini.
Nangona kunjalo, ingxoxo ejikeleze amandla enyukliya isaqhuba. Nangona inciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni, iphakamisa eminye imiba imiceli mngeni njengolawulo lwe inkunkuma eqhumayo kunye umngcipheko wokhuseleko ezinxulumene nezityalo zenyukliya.
Uqikelelo lwexesha elizayo
Indlela yokufezekisa i-AI ezinzileyo ayizu kuba lula. Ngokutsho koqikelelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okunxulumene ne-AI kunokunyuka ngo 85 kunye 134 TWh kwihlabathi jikelele ngowama-2027. Ukuba la manani ahlangatyezwana, i-AI ayisayi kuba nefuthe kubonelelo lwamandla ehlabathi kuphela, kodwa ingenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zozinzo lwamazwe ngamazwe.
Imithetho engqongqo, efana nokubhengezwa koluntu kwamanani amandla kunye namanyathelo athatyathwe ziinkampani zobuchwepheshe, inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni le ngxaki. Ukongeza, amaphulo afana nokuzinikela kwe European Union ukuze amaziko edatha abe Ikhabhoni engathathi hlangothi ngonyaka 2030 zikhokelela kwizisombululo ezizinzileyo.
Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa bubonakalise ukuba sisixhobo soguqulo olunamandla okuguqula amashishini ephela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa kwayo kwinqanaba lehlabathi kuye kwaphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga nokuzinza kwayo. Ukwamkela amandla avuselelekayo, ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kunye nokufuna izisombululo ezintsha kuya kuba ngundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuba i-AI ayifaki phantsi imeko yeplanethi. Izigqibo ezenziwe namhlanje ziya kuba nefuthe elinamandla lokuba i-AI ingahlalisana nehlabathi elifuna ukukhusela izixhobo zalo.