I-Biofuels kunye nefuthe le-carbon dioxide ekhutshwayo: Isisombululo okanye ingxaki?

  • Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba i-biofuels ayikho i-CO2 engathathi hlangothi, ngenxa yezinga eliphantsi le-carbon dioxide yokufunxa zizityalo.
  • Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuvelisa i-biofuels kunegalelo ekunyukeni okukhulu kwe-CO2 ekhutshwayo.
  • Nangona kukho ezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo, ezifana nesizukulwana sesibini se-biofuels okanye i-synthetic fuels, ukwamkelwa kwabo kusenomda.

Iibhayoloji

Namhlanje i-biofuels isetyenziselwa imisebenzi ethile yezoqoqosho. Ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu zezi i-ethanol kunye ne-biodiesel. Kuyaqondwa ukuba igesi ye-carbon dioxide ekhutshwa yi-biofuel ilungelelaniswa ngokupheleleyo ngokufunxa kwe-CO2 eyenzeka nge-photosynthesis yezityalo.

Kodwa kubonakala ngathi oku akunjalo ngokupheleleyo. Ngokophononongo olwenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseMichigan Energy Institute ekhokelwa UJohn DeCicco, Ubungakanani bobushushu obugcinwe yi-CO2 ekhutshwe ngokutshiswa kwe-biofuels ayihambisani nomlinganiselo we-CO2 ofunyanwa zizityalo ngexesha lenkqubo ye-photosynthesis ngelixa zikhula izityalo.

Isifundo senziwe ngokusekwe kwidatha evela kwi- Isebe lezoLimo laseMelika. Amaxesha ahlalutywa apho imveliso ye-biofuel iye yaqina, kwaye ukufunxwa kwekharbon diokside ekhutshwa zizityalo kuphelisa kuphela I-37% yokukhutshwa kweCO2 iyonke ekhutshiweyo Ngokutshisa ii-biofuels.

impikiswano ye-biofuels

Iziphumo zezifundo zaseMichigan ziphikisa ngokucacileyo ukuba Ukusetyenziswa kwe-biofuel kuyaqhubeka ukwandisa inani le-CO2 ekhutshwe emoyeni kwaye ayinciphi njengokucinga. Nangona umthombo wokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 uvela kwi-biofuel efana ne-ethanol okanye i-biodiesel, ukukhutshwa kwe-net kwi-atmosfera kukhulu kunoko kufunxwa zizityalo kwizityalo, oko kuthetha ukuba bayaqhubeka nokuba negalelo kwisiphumo sokufudumala kwehlabathi.

Yintoni i-biofuels?

I-biofuels ngamafutha afumaneka kwi-biomass, oko kukuthi, i-organic matter. Kukho izizukulwana ezininzi ze-biofuels, kodwa ezona ziyaziwa kwaye zisetyenziswa ngoku yi-ethanol kunye ne-biodiesel, eziye zafumana ukubaluleka kumacandelo afana nezothutho.

I-Ethanol iveliswa ngokubiliswa kwezityalo ezinjengombona kunye neswekile, ngelixa i-biodiesel ifumaneka kwioli yemifuno, efana nesundu, i-soya okanye ioli yokupheka esetyenzisiweyo. Uphawu lwayo oluphambili kukuba, kwithiyori, kufuneka ibe nempembelelo ephantsi ekukhutshweni kwe-CO2, ekubeni, kumjikelezo wobomi be-biofuel, izityalo zithatha i-CO2 ngexesha lokukhula kwazo, zivelise ibhalansi engathathi hlangothi ngokwethiyori ngokumalunga nokukhutshwa.

Ziintoni ezixhalabisayo ngempembelelo yayo yokwenyani?

Nangona kunjalo, izifundo ezininzi zamva nje ziye zayiphikisa le ngcinga. Ngokomsebenzi we UJohn DeCicco, iinzuzo zokusingqongileyo ze-biofuels ziyancipha kakhulu xa ukukhutshwa kwemveliso evela kwimveliso yazo kunye nokusetyenziswa kokugqibela kuqwalaselwa.

'Olu luphononongo lokuqala lokuphonononga ngononophelo ikhabhoni ekhutshwa emhlabeni apho i-biofuels ikhuliswa khona, kunokuba wenze ingqikelelo malunga nayo. “Xa sijonga eyona nto yenzekayo emhlabeni, sibona ukuba akukho khabhoni yaneleyo ekhutshwa emoyeni ukuze kulungiswe into ephuma kumsila,” utshilo uDeCicco.

ifuthe le-biofuel

Esikhundleni sokungathathi hlangothi ngokupheleleyo kwekhabhoni, kuye kwaboniswa ukuba iigesi ezininzi ze-greenhouse zikhutshwa ngexesha lokutshiswa kwe-biofuels kunokuba izityalo zingabamba ngexesha lokukhula kwazo. Ukongeza, ezinye izinto ezinjengokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukusetyenziswa kwesichumisi, kunye namandla okusebenza kwe-biofuels zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpembelelo yayo yonke yokusingqongileyo.

Ukuveliswa kunye nokuveliswa kwee-biofuels

Kukho iindidi ezininzi ze-biofuels ezidityaniswe ngokweendidi ezininzi. I Isizukulwana sokuqala se-biofuels zezo zifunyenwe kwizityalo ezityiwayo, ezifana nombona okanye iswekile, ngelixa isizukulwana sesibini se-biofuels Basebenzisa imathiriyeli ekrwada engatyiwayo, efana nenkunkuma ye-agro-industrial okanye i-non-food biomass.

  • Isizukulwana sokuqala se-biofuels, njenge-bioalcohols (i-ethanol kunye ne-methanol) kunye ne-biodiesel, ibe yeyona nto ithatha indawo ye-fuel fuels.
  • Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuye kwavelisa ingxabano malunga nokuzinza kwayo, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokunyuka kwexabiso lemveliso yezolimo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi okubangelwa izityalo ezifana nesundu ukuvelisa i-biodiesel.

Kwihlabathi jikelele, i-biodiesel kunye nezinye i-biofuels nazo zineempembelelo ezimbi ekugawulweni kwamahlathi. Ingxelo ye Ezothutho neNdalo ibonise ukuba i-biofuels ephuma kwioli yesundu kunye neembotyi zesoya zinokufikelela kwi-80% yongcoliseko ngaphezu kwedizili yesintu xa ukukhutshwa okubangelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kuthathelwa ingqalelo.

Ingxaki yokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kunye nokutshintsha kokusetyenziswa komhlaba

Enye yeengxaki ezinkulu ngee-biofuels kukuba kufuneka umhlaba omkhulu wokulima ukuze zivelise. Oku kukhokelele kwinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi utshintsho kusetyenziso lomhlaba olungathanga ngqo, equka ukwandiswa komhlaba wezolimo kwiindawo ezazingamahlathi okanye iintshinyela ngaphambili. Olu tshintsho luneendleko eziphezulu zokusingqongileyo, njengoko izixa ezikhulu zeCO2 ezigcinwe kwizityalo ezicoliweyo kunye nemihlaba iyakhululwa.

Ngokomzekelo, eBrazil, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwizigidi zeehektare zamahlathi ashinyeneyo aseAmazon ukuze kuvuleleke indawo yezityalo zesoya ukwenzela ukuveliswa kwebiofuel. Ezi ntlobo zezenzo azichaphazeli nje kuphela ibhalansi ye-CO2, kodwa zikwabeka emngciphekweni izinto eziphilayo kunye ne-ecosystems yendawo.

ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukwenzela i-biofuels

Ukuveliswa ngamandla kwee-biofuels ezivela kwizityalo ezifana nesundu kubangele ukutshatyalaliswa okukhulu kwamahlathi kumazwe afana ne-Indonesia. Ngokutsho kwe-Ecologyas en Acción, ukukhula kwemfuno ye-biofuels kunokubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ukuya kwi-7 yezigidi zeehektare zehlathi, kukhuphe iitoni ze-11 yezigidigidi ze-CO500 emoyeni.

Ezinye iindlela ezinokusetyenziswa kwi-biofuels zemveli

Ngaphandle kwemicelimngeni, iinguqulelo ezintsha zifuna ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-biofuels ezizinzileyo ezivela isizukulwana sesibini okanye ze Isizukulwana sesithathu, esebenzisa inkunkuma yamashishini okanye i-algae, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

Imizekelo ibandakanya i-oyile yemifuno ene-hydrotreated (HVO), enokufumaneka kwi-oyile yokupheka inkunkuma kunye namafutha ezilwanyana, inketho ehambelana nokusingqongileyo. Ngapha koko, kumazwe aliqela aseYurophu, iinkampani ezinkulu zamandla ziqala ukuvelisa i-HVO, zibonelela ngenye indlela engangcolisi kangako kwi-biodiesel yemveli.

Kwelinye icala, kukho uphando olutsha oluphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwe iintsholongwane ezifana Streptomyces ukwenza i-biofuels esebenzayo ngakumbi kwaye ingcolise kancinci ngokusetyenziswa kweeathom ezifana «Jawsamycin«. Olu tshintsho lunokuyiguqula indlela eveliswa ngayo i-biofuel kwixesha elizayo.

Okokugqibela, izibaso zokwenziwa ezifana i-e-fuels, edibanisa i-hydrogen eluhlaza kunye ne-carbon dioxide ebanjwe, idala umjikelezo wekhabhoni ovaliweyo oya kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwe-net greenhouse gas kwicandelo lezothutho.

Ngamafutshane, i-biofuels isenendlela ende ekufuneka iyihambile ukuze ibe sisisombululo sokwenene se-ikholoji. Njengoko ubuchwephesha obutsha buhambela phambili kwaye kufunwa ezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo, kubalulekile ukugcina indlela ebalulekileyo kwaye kuqwalaselwe zonke iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo kwimveliso nokusetyenziswa kwazo.


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