I-panorama yamazwe ngamazwe ngeenxa zonke kwi ukhuseleko lwamandla enyukliya Imeko itshintshe kakhulu emva kohlaselo lwamva nje lwezixhobo zenyukliya ezininzi eIran. Le meko iye yavelisa iindaba ezinamandla kunye nokuxhalaba phakathi kwemibutho kunye noorhulumente, ngakumbi phakathi kweengcali ezivela kwi-International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), eziye zakhupha izilumkiso ezinzulu malunga neengozi ezinxulumene nemikhosi eqhubekayo.
La Ukungavisisani phakathi kwe-Iran, i-Israel kunye ne-United States Ibe nefuthe elithe ngqo kukhuseleko lweziseko ezingundoqo ezibalulekileyo, apho uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe lunoloyiko lokuba nasiphi na isenzo esixhobileyo sinokubangela iziphumo ezibi kakhulu kunokuba bekucingelwa, kulo mmandla nakwihlabathi liphela.
Izaziso ze-IAEA kunye nomonakalo oqinisekisiweyo kwizixhobo zenyukliya zaseIran
Ngokutsho kwe-IAEA kunye nomlawuli wayo uRafael Grossi, kuye kwakho Umonakalo omkhulu kwizinto eziphambili ezifana ne-Fordow, i-Natanz, i-Esfahan ne-Arak emva kohlaselo lwasemoyeni lwakutsha nje. Nangona okwangoku Akukho ukwanda kwe-radioactivity kufunyenwe ngaphandle kweekhompleksi, iingxelo zichaza ukuba kukho ngokwenene ungcoliseko ngemitha kunye neekhemikhali ngaphakathi kwezinye izityaloE-Natanz ngokukodwa, iindawo ezingaphezulu kunye nezingaphantsi komhlaba ziye zafumana umonakalo omkhulu, ngelixa e-Isfahan, izibonelelo ezinxulumene nokusetyenzwa kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya zachaphazeleka.
Malunga ne I-Arak enzima yamanzi i-reactor, eyayisakhiwa kwaye ingenayo imathiriyeli yenyukliya esebenzayo, umonakalo ungowokwakhiwa. I-IAEA igxininise ukubaluleka kokugcina isilumkiso kunye nokungafihli kwingcaciso yobugcisa ukuze ikwazi ukusabela ngokukhawuleza nasiphi na isiganeko esinokusongela ukhuseleko loluntu.
Ngaphandle kokunqongophala kokuvuza kweradiyoloji yangaphandle, Usoyikiso lusaqhubeka ngenxa yesixa esikhulu sezixhobo zenyukliya ezigciniweyo nezisetyenziswayo, ngakumbi kumzi-mveliso waseBushehr, ithathwa njengenye yezona zinto kujoliswe kuzo ezinovakalelo.
Imingcipheko yokhuseleko kunye neziphumo zohlaselo oluthe ngqo olunokwenzeka
Umlawuli we-IAEA walumkisa IBhunga loKhuseleko le-UN ukuba uhlaselo oluthe ngqo kwiziko lamandla enyukliya elisebenzayo njengeBushehr lunokubangela a ukukhululwa okukhulu kweradioactivity kwimo engqongileyo, enemiphumo emibi enokuwela imida ize ichaphazele abantu basekuhlaleni namazwe angabamelwane.
Ngokufanayo, uhlaselo olungangqalanga, olunjengokutshatyalaliswa kweentambo zombane ezibonelela ngamandla kwezi zityalo, kubonisa ingozi enkulu. Inokubangela ukuba undoqo wereactor inyibilike kunye nokukhululwa kwezinto ezisasaza i-radioactive, okonyusa kakhulu umngcipheko kokusingqongileyo nakubantu.
Iimpendulo zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokubiza iingxoxo zozakuzo
Inkxalabo yamazwe ngamazwe iye yanda. Ngelixa i Unobhala-Jikelele we-UN u-António Guterres, igxininisa imfuneko yokuphelisa ukunyuka ngezothethwano, amazwe aliqela, kuquka neRashiya, abongoze uSirayeli ukuba luyeke ngokukhawuleza uhlaselo oluchasene neziseko zophuhliso lwenyukliyaAbameli base-Iran bachaze izenzo ezixhobileyo ngokuchasene nezixhobo eziphantsi kokhuseleko lwe-IAEA njengokwaphulwa okunzulu komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kwaye bafuna ukugwetywa ngamxhelomnye luluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe.
I-IAEA iyakugxininisa ukubaluleka buyisela ufikelelo olukhawulezileyo nolungathintelwanga kwiziza ezichaphazelekayo, imfuneko ebalulekileyo yokuvavanya owona monakalo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhutshwa okuyingozi akwenzeki kwixesha elizayo. UGrossi ukhumbule ukuba ekuphela kwendlela yokuphepha intlekele yenyukliya kunye nokubuyisela intembeko kulawulo lokungaxhaphakanga kukusebenzisa iingxoxo kunye nokubuyela kuqinisekiso oluzimeleyo lobugcisa.
Iimpembelelo kukhuseleko lwenyukliya kwihlabathi jikelele
Imeko e-Iran iye yabeka yonke inkqubo yehlabathi kuvavanyo. ukhuseleko lwenyukliya kunye nokungabhengezwa, yakhiwe ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane. I-IAEA ilumkisa ukuba, ngenxa yokuqokelela ngaphezu kwe-400 kg ye-uranium etyetyisiweyo kunye nokuphazamiseka kolawulo, nakuphi na ukubalwa kakubi okanye ukunyuka kwemfazwe kunokuba nemiphumo engenakuguqulwa.
Iingcali ziyavumelana noko akukho Rhulumente okanye uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe Ziya kukhuseleka ngakumbi ngokuvumela ukwanda ngakumbi kwezixhobo zenyukliya okanye ngokubeka emngciphekweni isidima sezixhobo zokuvelisa amandla oluntu. Ingxaki ekhoyo ngoku yomeleza ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla enyukliya ngoxolo kunye nokukhuselwa kobuchwepheshe beathom kufuneka kuhlale kuyimiba ephambili.
Ikamva elikhawulezileyo liya kuxhomekeka kubuchule bozakuzo bokunqanda ungquzulwano, ukumisela kwakhona ulawulo lwamazwe ngamazwe, nokunciphisa imingcipheko kwiziseko ezingundoqo zenyukliya kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo olukhulu.
