La ukuveliswa kwamandla enyukliya EArgentina, uphinde waphula irekhodi lakhe. Kwaye ivala u-2025 ngomgangatho ophezulu kunayo yonke, iphawula iminyaka emibini ilandelelana yokukhula kwaye idibanisa isikhundla sayo njengenye yeentsika zobonelelo lombane lwelizwe. Oku kusebenza kuqinisa indima yamandla enyukliya njengomthombo womthwalo osisiseko, onokukwazi ukubonelela ngozinzo kwimeko yokwanda kwemfuno kunye notshintsho lwamandla oluqhubekayo.
Ngokwedatha ekhutshwe yi I-Nucleoelectrica Argentina SA (NA-SA)Uninzi lweenkampani zikarhulumente ezinoxanduva lokusebenzisa izitishi zombane i-Atucha I, i-Atucha II kunye ne-Embalse zifezekise i- ukuveliswa kombane ngonyaka kwe-10.760.572 MWhEli nani lidlula I-10.449.015 MWh ebhalisiweyo ngo-2024Oku kuqinisekisa ukunyuka kwesimo kwaye kubeka amandla enyukliya kwindawo ejikeleze 7,5% yemfuno yombane kazwelonke.
Ixabiso eliphezulu elitsha elingazange libonwe ngaphambili kwizityalo zamandla enyukliya zaseArgentina
Unyaka-mali ophelileyo uphele nge irekhodi elipheleleyo lokuveliswa kombane wenyukliyaLe mpumelelo isekelwe ekufumanekeni okuphezulu kwezi zityalo zombane zintathu kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto ezithwala umthwalo wazo. Le nkampani igxininisa ukuba ezi ziphumo ziyimveliso yokudibanisa ulondolozo olucwangcisiweyoulawulo lobugcisa oluqinileyo kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko ephezulu, isitshixo sokuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa okuqhubekayo nokuqikelelwayo.
Ngokwemigaqo yokusebenza, ukuphucuka xa kuthelekiswa nowama-2024 kuthetha ngaphezulu kwe-300.000 MWh eyongezelelweyo eyenziweyoOku kubonisa ubungakanani obukhulu kwinkqubo yombane yaseArgentina. Olu nyuko lunxulunyaniswa kakhulu nokusebenza kwezikhululo zombane eziphezulu. Idama kunye neAtucha II, abathe ngo-2025 barekhoda iirekhodi zabo ezilungileyo ukususela oko baqala ukusebenza.
Indawo yamandla enyukliya njengomthombo wamandla osisiseko Iba nokubaluleka okukhethekileyo xa isebenza ngendlela ehambelanayo ne amandla avuselelekayo aguquguqukayonjengomoya okanye amandla elanga. Nangona ezi zixhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu, izitishi zamandla enyukliya zibonelela ngokuhamba kombane rhoqo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukusebenza kwenkqubo kwaye inciphise isidingo sokugcinwa kwamafutha efosili.
Icandelo lamandla ligxininisa ukuba, ukongeza kwimo yalo ezinzileyo, amandla enyukliya yiteknoloji ukukhutshwa kwegesi eziphantsi zomoya otshisayoOku kuyenza ibe sisixhobo esiluncedo kwizicwangciso zokususa i-carbonization. Nangona le ngxoxo iqhubele phambili eYurophu, amazwe afana neFransi, iFinland, neSpain ngokwawo ehlola indima yamandla enyukliya kwimixube yawo yamandla, amava aseArgentina abonwa njengophononongo olusebenzayo lwendlela yokugcina umkhosi wezityalo zamandla enyukliya ezikhoyo zisebenza kumanqanaba aphezulu okusebenza.
Iirekhodi e-Embalse nase-Atucha II: izitishi zamandla ezitsala inqwelo
Incopho yonyaka ka-2025 ayisiyonto ibalulekileyo nje kwimikhosi yenyukliya: ikwayinyani nakwi iirekhodi eziphula irekhodi kwizikhululo zamandla ezimbini kwezithathu ezisebenza. la Indawo yokugcina aMandla eNyukliya, ekwiphondo laseCórdoba, yafikelela kwi ukuveliswa kombane okupheleleyo kwe-5.352.203 MWh, idlula irekhodi layo langaphambili 5.224.058 MWh ka-2023Olu phuculo lubonisa impembelelo entle yemizamo yokuhlaziya kunye namaqhinga okusebenza aqaliswe emva kokwandiswa kwexesha layo.
Ngenxalenye yalo, i Isikhululo samandla enyukliya saseAtucha IILe nkampani ikwiphondo laseBuenos Aires, ivale unyaka ngemveliso ye Inethi ye-5.408.370 MWh, ngaphezu kokuphakama kwayo kwangaphambili Kufikelelwe kwi-5.200.490 MWh ngo-2016Olu tshintsho luqinisekisa indima ye-Atucha II njengomnye wemithombo ephambili yokuveliswa kwamandla e-baseload kule nkqubo, kunye nomsebenzi, ngokutsho kwenkampani, oxhaswa yi izinto ezinomthwalo ophezulu kunye nokuzinza kokusebenza.
Ukusebenza okudibeneyo kwe-Embalse kunye ne-Atucha II kubonisa ukuba utyalo-mali kwi ukugcinwa, ukuphuculwa kwetekhnoloji kunye nolawulo lweeasethi La manyathelo anokukhokelela ekwandeni okuqhubekayo kokuveliswa kombane ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwakha izitishi ezintsha zombane. Le ndlela ilandelwa ngomdla kwamanye amazwe, kuquka amazwe angamalungu e-European Union, apho kuqhubeka iingxoxo malunga nendlela yokwandisa ubomi bezixhobo ezikhoyo kunye nokusebenzisa iziseko zophuhliso esele zihlawulwe.
Enyanisweni, irekhodi elitsha libonisa ukuba izityalo zamandla zaseArgentina zikwazile ukusebenza ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okukhulu, into enxulumene ngqo ne-nyukliya. iinkqubo zokuhlola ezingqongqo, iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezimiselweyo, kunye namaqela obuchwephesha akhethekileyoLe nkampani igxininisa ukuba, ngaphaya kwamanani, injongo ephambili kukhuseleko lwabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Oku kuqhubeka kokusebenza kukwabonelela ngophawu lozinzo kwiMarike yoMbane ethengiswa ngobuninzi (i-MEM), apho i-NA-SA ithengisa amandla ewavelisayo. Ubukho bomthombo oqinileyo womthwalo wesiseko buvumela ukuguquguquka kwamaxabiso okuphakathi ezinxulumene nezinye iiteknoloji, umba, ngaphandle komahluko kwimarike, oqheleneyo nabaqhubi bombane baseYurophu.
I-Atucha I: ulwandiso lobomi iminyaka engamashumi amabini ezayo yokusebenza
Ingxelo yesizukulwana iza kunye nothotho lwe iiprojekthi zeqhinga ezijolise ekuqinisekiseni ikamva leenqwelo zenyukliya zaseArgentina. Phakathi kwabo kugqame Iprojekthi Yolwandiso Lobomi i-Atucha I, ithathwa njengenye yezona nkqubo zibalulekileyo zeziseko zophuhliso zamandla kweli lizwe.
I-Atucha I, isikhululo samandla enyukliya sokuqala eLatin America, okwangoku sikwimeko ukuvalwa okucwangcisiweyo ixesha elide ukwenza umsebenzi wokuhlaziya nokutshintsha izinto ezibalulekileyo. Emva konyaka omnye kuqalile oku kuvalwa, le projekthi inika Inkqubela ngama-48%., kunye nenkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo ekuhlaziyeni iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo kukhuseleko nokusebenza.
Injongo icacile: ukuba isikhululo samandla sikwazi qhubeka usebenza ubuncinane iminyaka engama-20 eyongezelelweyoUkugcina imigangatho yehlabathi ebaluleke kakhulu yokhuseleko lwenyukliya kunye nokukhuselwa ngemitha. Le ndlela ifana naleyo ilandelwa kumazwe aliqela aseYurophu, apho ukwandisa ubomi bezityalo zamandla ezikhoyo kuthathwa njengendlela yokuqinisa ukhuseleko lobonelelo ngelixa kuphuhliswa amandla amatsha avuselelekayo.
Le misebenzi ibandakanya zombini iindlela zokungenelela kwi isiqithi senyukliya njengophuculo kwi ulawulo lwezityalo, izixhobo kunye neenkqubo zolawuloI-NA-SA igxininisa ukuba le misebenzi ayijolisanga nje ekwandiseni ubomi besityalo, kodwa ikwajolise nasekubandakanyeni ubuchwepheshe obuhlaziyiweyo kunye neendlela zoyilo zanamhlanjeOku kuhambelana neengcebiso zemibutho ekhethekileyo yamazwe ngamazwe.
Nje ukuba iprojekthi yokwandisa ubomi igqityiwe, i-Atucha I iza kuhlanganiswa ngokupheleleyo ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yombane yaseArgentina, inike amandla aqinileyo athathwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuxhasa uphuhliso lwamandla avuselelekayo kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili angeniswa kwamanye amazwe, umba oxhalabisayo nakwinkoliso yeYurophu.
Ulawulo lwepetroli yenyukliya: indawo yokugcina izinto eyomileyo e-Atucha II
Kunye nokwandisa ubomi bezityalo zamandla enyukliya, enye ingqwalasela ephambili yomgaqo-nkqubo wenyukliya waseArgentina kukuba ulawulo olukhuselekileyo nolunenkathalo lwamafutha asetyenzisiweyoLe yimeko apho Iprojekthi Yokugcina Ipetroli Eyomileyo Echithwe (ASECG II) kwi-Atucha II, esele ibhalise Inkqubela phambili ye-38%.
Le projekthi ibandakanya ukuphunyezwa kwesisombululo sokugcina ipetroli esetyenzisiweyo esomileyo, iteknoloji esele isetyenziswa kumazwe amaninzi evumela nciphisa ukuxinana kwamachibi okugcina izinto ezikwizikhululo zamandla ngokwazo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kwesi sikhululo ngelixa kuqinisa ukhuseleko lwexesha elide lwezixhobo zenyukliya.
Inkqubo yokugcina izinto ezomileyo isekelwe kwizikhongozeli ezikhethekileyo ezenzelwe Gcina ipetroli ibekwe yodwa kwaye ipholile ngaphandle kwesidingo seenkqubo ezisebenzayo ezintsonkothileyoOlu khetho luthathwa njengoluqinileyo ngokwembono yokhuseleko kwaye luququzelela ulawulo lwexesha elizayo lwenkunkuma ye-radioactive ephezulu, ngokuhambelana neemfuno ezimiselwe ziibhodi ezilawulayo kunye nemigangatho yokulinganisa yamazwe ngamazwe.
Kwimeko yaseYurophu, amazwe aliqela akhethe izisombululo ezifanayo ukuphucula ulawulo lwepetroli esetyenzisiweyoOku kusebenza kwizikhululo zamandla ezisebenzayo kunye nezakhiwo ezivaliweyo. Ngoko ke amava e-Atucha II ongezelela kuthotho lwamatyala abonisa ukuba ukudibanisa indawo yokugcina ichibi kunye nendawo yokugcina eyomileyo sisixhobo esisebenzayo sokulawula umjikelo wepetroli ngelixa iingxoxo ngezisombululo zexesha elide neziqinisekileyo ziqhubeka.
Ngokutsho kweNucleoeléctrica, inkqubela phambili yeprojekthi ye-ASECG II ayibalulekanga nje kuphela ngokwembono yobugcisa, kodwa ikwabalulekile nakwi- uphawu lokuzibophelela kukhuseleko kunye nokhathalelo lokusingqongileyoEzi ziinkalo ezimbini ezihlala zigxila kwingxoxo kawonke-wonke ephathelele amandla enyukliya, eArgentina nakwamanye amazwe.
Isicwangciso senyukliya, ukhuseleko lwamandla kunye nokujonga eYurophu
Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nenkqubela phambili yemisebenzi yesicwangciso-qhinga ibekwe ngaphakathi imephu yexesha elide yecandelo lenyukliya laseArgentinaLe nkampani ikhokelwa ngu UDemian Reidel, ingcali yefiziksi eqeqeshwe kwiBalseiro Institute kunye nePhD kwi-Economics kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard, obhalwe njengombhali wencwadi ebizwa ngokuba yi- Isicwangciso seNyukliya saseArgentina, uxwebhu oluchaza izikhokelo zophuhliso lweli candelo kwiminyaka emininzi ezayo.
Le nkampani igxininisa ukuba ukuveliswa kwerekhodi ngo-2025 kuqinisa isikhundla samandla enyukliya njenge umthombo osebenzayo, othembekileyo nongakhuphi ngxolokucelwe ukuba kuxhaswe ukukhula koqoqosho kunye nokwanda kwemfuno yombane. Indima yezityalo zamandla njengenxalenye yoko kubizwa ngokuba "ngamandla asisiseko" iboniswa njengento ephambili ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwamandla lwelizwe.
EYurophu, apho ingxoxo malunga nolawulo lwendalo, ukungathathi cala kwemozulu, kunye nokuvalwa okanye ukuqhubeka kokusebenza kwezityalo zamandla enyukliya kusaphila kakhulu, ityala laseArgentina linika umzekelo wendlela isityalo samandla enyukliya esidibeneyo esinokwenza ngayo. ukuqhubeka nokwandisa imveliso yayo ngokuphucula ubugcisa kunye neeprojekthi zokwandisa ubomiAmazwe afana neFransi, iSweden, neFinland akhuthaze indlela efanayo, ngelixa amanye, afana neJamani neSpain, ekhethe ishedyuli yokuvalwa kancinci kancinci, nangona kwimeko yaseSpain ukulungiswa akuthintelwa kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zenkqubo zexesha elizayo. Intliziyo yaseYurophu ibeka ezi zigqibo kwimeko yazo.
Ngaphandle kwezigqibo zezopolitiko zelizwe ngalinye, ukuguquka kwenkqubo yenyukliya yaseArgentina kubonisa ukuba indibaniselwano yokhuseleko, ukugcinwa, kunye nocwangciso lwexesha elide Oku kunokubangela igalelo elikhulu kule teknoloji kumxube wamandla ngaphandle kwesidingo see-reactors ezintsha kwixesha elifutshane. Eli candelo linomdla kakhulu kwiingxoxo zaseYurophu malunga neendleko, utyalo-mali, kunye namaxesha okusasazwa kweziseko ezintsha.
Ngaphakathi, iNucleoeléctrica Argentina igxininisa ukuba kugxilwe kakhulu ukuqinisekisa imisebenzi ekhuselekileyo nezinzileyoInjongo kukuhlanganisa iiprojekthi eziqhubekayo kunye nokuhlalutya ukuba kunokwenzeka na ukuba izityalo zamandla zexesha elizayo zinokwandiswa okanye zongezwe kwiinqanawa ezikhoyo. Konke oku, bathi, kungenxa yenkqubo yombane eqinileyo neyahlukeneyo ehambelana neenjongo zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya ongcolileyo ezikwabumba i-ajenda kwiManyano yaseYurophu.
Ibhalansi ka-2025 izoba umfanekiso ocacileyo: Izityalo zamandla enyukliya zaseArgentina zifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuveliswa kwazo kwimbaliIqhutywa ziimpawu ze-Embalse kunye ne-Atucha II kwaye ixhaswa ziiprojekthi zezakhiwo ezifana nokwandiswa kobomi be-Atucha I kunye nendawo yokugcina izinto eyomileyo e-Atucha II, amandla enyukliya, anegalelo eliphantse libe yi-7,5% yemfuno yombane kwaye asebenza ngokusekelwe kwiikhrayitheriya zokhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka, ahlala eyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yamandla yesizwe kwaye lityala elimele lilandelwe ngokusondeleyo eSpain nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, apho ingxoxo malunga nendima emele idlalwe yile teknoloji kwiminyaka ezayo iyaqhubeka.
