La amandla egesi yendalo Ihlala ixatyiswa njengenye indlela engangcolisi kangako kwezinye izibaso zefosili ezifana namalahle okanye i-oyile. Enyanisweni, kwiimeko ezininzi isetyenziswa njenge indawo yendalo ukusuka kule mithombo yamandla imdaka. Nangona kunjalo, nangona le mbono ilungileyo, inyaniso inzima ngakumbi.
Uphononongo lwakutsha nje kunye neengxelo zibonise ukuba ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwerhasi yendalo kuthetha a isixa esikhulu sokukhutshwa kwerhasi engcolisayo. Le nyaniso ibonakala ngokukodwa kwizigaba zokuqala zenkqubo, njenge ukutsalwa nokuthuthwa yerhasi. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ukutsha kwayo kuvelisa i-CO2 encinci xa kuthelekiswa namanye amafutha efosili, ayinakuhoywa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwemethane kuwo wonke umjikelo wabo ziyingozi kakhulu. Enyanisweni, i<em>methane yenye yezona gesi zinamandla zegreenhouse.
Ukujongwa nzulu kwirhasi yendalo: Into ongayiboniyo
Xa sithetha ngerhasi yendalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda umjikelo wonke wale fuel fuel. Ukusuka ekutsalweni ukuya ekutshisweni kokugqibela, igesi yendalo ivelisa ungcoliseko lwezigaba ezininzi.
Irhasi yendalo ngokuyimfuneko ngumxube weegesi, ukuba imethane icandelo layo eliphambili. Nangona ukutshiswa kwegesi yendalo kuvelisa i-50-60% ngaphantsi kwe-CO2 xa kuthelekiswa namalahle, impembelelo yangempela yokusingqongileyo ayiphelelanga kuphela kwesi sigaba sokugqibela. I ukutsalwa nokuthuthwa Irhasi ivelisa ukuvuza kunye nokuvuza kwemethane okunefuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo, le gesi inamandla ngokuphindwe ngama-84 kuneCO2 ngokokugcina ubushushu kwithuba leminyaka engama-20.
Ngexesha lokukhutshwa, ukusetyenziswa kwe ukukhwabanisa (hydraulic fracturing) ivula imithombo emininzi yeentanda kumatye akhululayo umthamo omkhulu we-methane emoyeni. Le nkqubo ikwasebenzisa iikhemikhali eziyityhefu eziphela zingcolisa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwaye zichaphazele impilo yabantu abakufutshane.
Fracking: Icala elimnyama lamandla erhasi
I-Fracking ibe yintsika ephambili kwishishini legesi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngakumbi kumazwe afana ne-United States. Ubuchule bubandakanya tofa umthamo omkhulu wamanzi kuxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuqhekeza amatye angaphantsi komhlaba anerhasi yendalo. Nangona ivumele ukwanda okukhulu kwegesi kunye nemveliso yeoli, ibangele impikiswano ngenxa yayo ifuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo nempilo.
Enye yezona ziphumo ezibonakalayo ze-fracking kukungcoliswa kwe-aquifers. Kwiindawo ezininzi zokukhutshwa, kuye kwakho iingxelo ukuvuza kwemethane kunye neekhemikhali ukusuka kwifracking kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba, okuchaphazela umgangatho wamanzi okusela. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kobu buchule kuye kwahambelana noku ukwandisa umsebenzi we-seismic kwiindawo apho le nto ingazange ibonakale ngaphambili.
Enye inkxalabo malunga ne-fracking yi ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi aphezulu ibandakanya, nto leyo eyenza mandundu iingxaki zokunqongophala kwamanzi kweminye imimandla. Kuye kwabhalwa kwakhona ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo ngexesha lokusebenza, kubangela ukuwohloka okubonakalayo kumgangatho womoya wendawo.
Irhasi yendalo kunye nefuthe layo kwimpilo yoluntu
Asiyiyo kuphela indawo engqongileyo echaphazelekayo kukusetyenziswa kwegesi yendalo. Ngokwembono yezempilo yoluntu, irhasi yendalo inokuba negalelo ekukhutshweni kwe amasuntswana amahle kunye nezinye iikhompawundi eziyityhefu ezichaphazela abemi.
Xa utshisa igesi yendalo, ukukhutshwa kuveliswa. nitrogen oxides, leyo, nangona iphantsi kunezo zeoli kunye namalahle, zanele ukuwohloka umgangatho womoya kwimimandla ekufutshane namaziko emveliso. La masuntswana anxulunyaniswa nezifo ezimandundu zokuphefumla ezifana ne-asthma, i-bronchitis, izifo zentliziyo kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga.
Ukongeza, uphononongo lwakutsha nje lweYunivesithi yaseHarvard lunxibelelanise ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwa kumafutha efosili, kubandakanywa nerhasi yendalo. izigidi zokufa ngaphambi kwexesha. ESpain, kuqikelelwa ukuba i-18% yokufa kwangaphambi kwexesha ngonyaka kunxulumene ukumoshwa komoya.
Iindlela ezizezinye kwirhasi yendalo: indima yamandla ahlaziyekayo
Ngenxa yempembelelo yendalo kunye nempilo yegesi yendalo, ukukhangela ezinye iindlela ezicocekileyo enokubuyisela ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Amandla ahlaziyekayo anje ilanga kunye nomoya baye bazuza ukuvelela kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo njengezisombululo ezizinzileyo ezinokuthi zincede ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili.
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iindleko zokufakela iipaneli zelanga kunye nee-injini zomoya ziye zancitshiswa kakhulu, eye yavumela a ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwezi teknoloji kumazwe aliqela. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokugcinwa kwamandla amakhulu kukusombulula ingxaki ye-intermittenncy echaphazela le mithombo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezininzi kwihlabathi jikelele, igesi iyaqhubeka idlala indima ebalulekileyo njenge umthombo wolondolozo kumandla avuselelekayo kunye nasekuzinziseni igridi yombane. Undoqo kwikamva elicocekileyo iya kuba kukukhawulezisa utshintsho olusingise kwinkqubo yamandla ethanda ukudityaniswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo endaweni yokuqhuba ukutyala imali kwiziseko ezingundoqo zefosili.
Umceli mngeni awuyi kuba kukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwigesi yendalo kuphela, kodwa ukwenza oko ngendlela engafuni kutyalo-mali olukhulu kwiziseko ezitsha zerhasi ezinokuphelelwa lixesha kwixesha elizayo apho izinto ezivuselelekayo zixhaphakile.
Ukuhla okuthe gqolo kweendleko zamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokwamkelwa okukhulayo kokugcina ubugcisa bokugcina amandla kwenza kucace ukuba ikamva kufuneka liqhutywe ziindlela ezicocekileyo nezizinzileyo.
Ngamafutshane, nangona igesi yendalo iye yakhuthazwa njengesisombululo esicocekileyo ngaphakathi kwesakhelo samafutha e-fossil, impembelelo yayo yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo ibaluleke kakhulu xa ivavanywa kuyo yonke imiba yayo. Ngelixa inokudlala indima kwinguqu ukuya kwikamva lamandla azinzileyo, kufuneka kugxilwe ekukhawuleziseni ukwamkelwa amandla ahlaziyekayo ezifana nelanga nomoya.