La amandla egesi yendalo Ihlala ixatyiswa njengenye indlela engangcolisi kangako kwezinye izibaso zefosili ezifana namalahle okanye i-oyile. Enyanisweni, kwiimeko ezininzi isetyenziswa njenge indawo yendalo ukusuka kule mithombo yamandla imdaka. Nangona kunjalo, nangona le mbono ilungileyo, inyaniso inzima ngakumbi.
Uphononongo lwakutsha nje kunye neengxelo zibonise ukuba ukuveliswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwerhasi yendalo kuthetha a isixa esikhulu sokukhutshwa kwerhasi engcolisayo. Le nyaniso ibonakala ngokukodwa kwizigaba zokuqala zenkqubo, njenge ukutsalwa nokuthuthwa yerhasi. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba ukutsha kwayo kuvelisa i-CO2 encinci xa kuthelekiswa namanye amafutha efosili, ayinakuhoywa ukuba ukukhutshwa kwemethane kuwo wonke umjikelo wabo ziyingozi kakhulu. Enyanisweni, i<em>methane yenye yezona gesi zinamandla zegreenhouse.
Ukujongwa nzulu kwirhasi yendalo: Into ongayiboniyo
Xa sithetha ngerhasi yendalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda umjikelo wonke wale fuel fuel. Ukusuka ekutsalweni ukuya ekutshisweni kokugqibela, igesi yendalo ivelisa ungcoliseko lwezigaba ezininzi.
Irhasi yendalo ngokuyimfuneko ngumxube weegesi, ukuba imethane icandelo layo eliphambili. Nangona ukutshiswa kwegesi yendalo kuvelisa i-50-60% ngaphantsi kwe-CO2 xa kuthelekiswa namalahle, impembelelo yangempela yokusingqongileyo ayiphelelanga kuphela kwesi sigaba sokugqibela. I ukutsalwa nokuthuthwa Irhasi ivelisa ukuvuza kunye nokuvuza kwemethane okunefuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo, le gesi inamandla ngokuphindwe ngama-84 kuneCO2 ngokokugcina ubushushu kwithuba leminyaka engama-20.
Ngexesha lokukhutshwa, ukusetyenziswa kwe ukukhwabanisa (hydraulic fracturing) ivula imithombo emininzi yeentanda kumatye akhululayo umthamo omkhulu we-methane emoyeni. Le nkqubo ikwasebenzisa iikhemikhali eziyityhefu eziphela zingcolisa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwaye zichaphazele impilo yabantu abakufutshane.
Fracking: Icala elimnyama lamandla erhasi
I-Fracking ibe yintsika ephambili kwishishini legesi kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngakumbi kumazwe afana ne-United States. Ubuchule bubandakanya tofa umthamo omkhulu wamanzi kuxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuqhekeza amatye angaphantsi komhlaba anerhasi yendalo. Nangona ivumele ukwanda okukhulu kwegesi kunye nemveliso yeoli, ibangele impikiswano ngenxa yayo ifuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo nempilo.
Enye yezona ziphumo ezibonakalayo ze-fracking kukungcoliswa kwe-aquifers. Kwiindawo ezininzi zokukhutshwa, kuye kwakho iingxelo ukuvuza kwemethane kunye neekhemikhali ukusuka kwifracking kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba, okuchaphazela umgangatho wamanzi okusela. Ngaphezu koko, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kobu buchule kuye kwahambelana noku ukwandisa umsebenzi we-seismic kwiindawo apho le nto ingazange ibonakale ngaphambili.
Enye inkxalabo malunga ne-fracking yi ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi aphezulu ibandakanya, nto leyo eyenza mandundu iingxaki zokunqongophala kwamanzi kweminye imimandla. Kuye kwabhalwa kwakhona ukukhutshwa kwezinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo ngexesha lokusebenza, kubangela ukuwohloka okubonakalayo kumgangatho womoya wendawo.
Irhasi yendalo kunye nefuthe layo kwimpilo yoluntu
Asiyiyo kuphela indawo engqongileyo echaphazelekayo kukusetyenziswa kwegesi yendalo. Ngokwembono yezempilo yoluntu, irhasi yendalo inokuba negalelo ekukhutshweni kwe amasuntswana amahle kunye nezinye iikhompawundi eziyityhefu ezichaphazela abemi.
Xa utshisa igesi yendalo, ukukhutshwa kuveliswa. nitrogen oxides, leyo, nangona iphantsi kunezo zeoli kunye namalahle, zanele ukuwohloka umgangatho womoya kwimimandla ekufutshane namaziko emveliso. La masuntswana anxulunyaniswa nezifo ezimandundu zokuphefumla ezifana ne-asthma, i-bronchitis, izifo zentliziyo kunye nomhlaza wemiphunga.
Ukongeza, uphononongo lwakutsha nje lweYunivesithi yaseHarvard lunxibelelanise ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwa kumafutha efosili, kubandakanywa nerhasi yendalo. izigidi zokufa ngaphambi kwexesha. ESpain, kuqikelelwa ukuba i-18% yokufa kwangaphambi kwexesha ngonyaka kunxulumene ukumoshwa komoya.
Iindlela ezizezinye kwirhasi yendalo: indima yamandla ahlaziyekayo
Ngenxa yempembelelo yendalo kunye nempilo yegesi yendalo, ukukhangela ezinye iindlela ezicocekileyo enokubuyisela ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Amandla ahlaziyekayo anje ilanga kunye nomoya baye bazuza ukuvelela kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo njengezisombululo ezizinzileyo ezinokuthi zincede ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kumafutha efosili.
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, iindleko zokufakela iipaneli zelanga kunye nee-injini zomoya ziye zancitshiswa kakhulu, eye yavumela a ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kwezi teknoloji kumazwe aliqela. Ngaphezu koko, ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokugcinwa kwamandla amakhulu kukusombulula ingxaki ye-intermittenncy echaphazela le mithombo.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezininzi kwihlabathi jikelele, igesi iyaqhubeka idlala indima ebalulekileyo njenge umthombo wolondolozo kumandla avuselelekayo kunye nasekuzinziseni igridi yombane. Undoqo kwikamva elicocekileyo iya kuba kukukhawulezisa utshintsho olusingise kwinkqubo yamandla ethanda ukudityaniswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo endaweni yokuqhuba ukutyala imali kwiziseko ezingundoqo zefosili.
Umceli mngeni awuyi kuba kukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwigesi yendalo kuphela, kodwa ukwenza oko ngendlela engafuni kutyalo-mali olukhulu kwiziseko ezitsha zerhasi ezinokuphelelwa lixesha kwixesha elizayo apho izinto ezivuselelekayo zixhaphakile.
Ukuhla okuthe gqolo kweendleko zamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nokwamkelwa okukhulayo kokugcina ubugcisa bokugcina amandla kwenza kucace ukuba ikamva kufuneka liqhutywe ziindlela ezicocekileyo nezizinzileyo.
Ngamafutshane, nangona igesi yendalo iye yakhuthazwa njengesisombululo esicocekileyo ngaphakathi kwesakhelo samafutha e-fossil, impembelelo yayo yokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo ibaluleke kakhulu xa ivavanywa kuyo yonke imiba yayo. Ngelixa inokudlala indima kwinguqu ukuya kwikamva lamandla azinzileyo, kufuneka kugxilwe ekukhawuleziseni ukwamkelwa amandla ahlaziyekayo ezifana nelanga nomoya.
Adriana ndilithandile inqaku lakho kwaye ndifuna ukulisebenzisa kwithisisi yam, ungandidlulisela idatha yakho ukubhekisa kuwe ngokuchanekileyo kunye nomhla opapashe eli nqaku. Enkosi
Abathengi abatsha be-Fracking eChiapas, iibhasi ezihamba ngerhasi yendalo, kwaye bambalwa abawaziyo umonakalo wendalo okubandakanya ilizwe, ngaphandle kokuba ithwele "i-ECO" ngegama layo. Ukuqhekeka kweHydraulic kutshabalalisa indalo yelizwe lethu
Ingxaki enkulu kumaqela okusingqongileyo kweli lizwe kukungabikho koqeqesho lobuchwephesha kunye nokusilela kobungqongqo bengqondo kwiingxoxo zabo. Kubalulekile ngaphambi kokujongana nobuchule okanye ukuxhaphazwa kwesibonelelo, ukuze usazi kakuhle, ukuba akunjalo njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, iimpikiswano azinangqondo kwaye ngenxa yoko nakuphi na ukunyaniseka.
Ingxoxo-mpikiswano iyimfuneko kakhulu, uluntu kufuneka lubenolwazi kwaye uphuhliso lwangoku alunakubeka emngciphekweni wokuphuhliswa kwezizukulwana ezizayo, kodwa ukungazi kunye noloyiko alunakho ukuthintela uphuhliso lwangoku.
Irhasi yendalo xa itshisiwe ivelisa i-1/5 yokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ethi ezo ziveliswe ngokutsha kwamalahle, ewe ayicocekanga nge-100% kodwa lolona khetho lubhetele.
Kuyinyani ukuba ukuqhekeka kwe-hydraulic kuyimfuneko ekukhutsheni irhasi yendalo, inokuveliswa ngendlela eqhelekileyo ukuba idiphozithi iyakuvumela, kwaye oku kwenziwe de kube ngoku.
Okokugqibela, ukukhutshwa kwemethane engalawulekiyo ngexesha lokuveliswa kwegesi yendalo kuzanywa ukucuthwa kangangoko kunokwenzeka, oku kuyaqondakala ngokulula, xa inkampani yokutsala ichitha isixa esikhulu semali equleni lemveliso, into yokugqibela eyifunayo yinto yophando lwakho. ndiya kukubalekela. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha akunakuphepheka, kodwa ukunciphisa oku kwizityalo zemveliso kukho iitotshi ezitshisa i-methane ephuncuka (iyingozi kakhulu kwaye inesiphumo sendawo yokugcina izityalo amaxesha angama-8 aphezulu kune-CO2) kwi-CO2, enesiphumo esisezantsi kakhulu sendawo yokugcina izityalo.
Ubushushu behlabathi yingxaki enzulu ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, kwaye ukukhutshwa kweegesi ezingcolileyo emoyeni kufanele kuncitshiswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngokwam, ndiyakholelwa kutshintsho oluya kuluntu olunamanqanaba okuphuma aphantsi nangaphantsi okuphuma kwekhabhoni de lufike kwi-0. Kodwa ukuba kwithuba elifutshane kunzima kwaye kubalulekile ukuba ngqongqo kwingxoxo-mpikiswano kwaye sithathele ingqalelo iimodeli ezinomdla kakhulu.
Phendula nge quote
Manuel Ramirez mandikuxelele ukuba inqaku lakho lilungile, bendicinga ukuba irhasi "yendalo" ayingcolisanga kodwa ndiyabona ngoku yahluke ngokupheleleyo, kubuhlungu indlela ekwenziwa ngayo amadini ngamanzi, ngenxa yoku.
Unyanisile malunga namandla omoya, kodwa le ikwanayo nengxaki yayo kuba xa befumana ixesha elide lasebusika la mandla angaphela, ngoku ndingathanda ukukubuza ukuba zeziphi ezinye iindlela ezingangcolisiyo esinokuzisebenzisa?
Enkosi ngengcaciso yakho uCarlos!
ukukhathalela okusingqongileyo kukuzikhathalela
Umxholo obalaseleyo kunye nenqaku elilungileyo ... yonke into eyi-fossil ayisoze ibe luhlaza
Kuyinyani ukuba yirhasi yendalo kodwa ayinabungozi (yile nto abantu bacinga ngayo). Kodwa ngamafutha asefosili oko kuthetha ukuba iyaphela iyangcolisa
Ukupapashwa kwenqaku kuhle kakhulu. Ndibhalisela abambalwa abanomdla «ukusuka kwisizwe sogqatso», ngokubhekisele kwimpembelelo yegreenhouse kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi okusichaphazelayo sonke kwaye ekugqibeleni kuyakusibulala ukuba singabunqandi bokukhangela ubutyebi obungenakuthathwa mntu. bethuna kodwa ewe iya kushiya imbuyekezo, intsebenziswano yayo ityhefile iplanethi. Oku kundikhokelele ekubeni ndikhuthaze kungekudala iprojekthi yombane ebalulekileyo kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseDominican, ukuqala ngokuwa simahla kwamanzi oLwandle lweCaribbean ngomxhuzulane kwinqanaba lokuqala ngokusebenzisa iitonela ezinee-turbines zokulwa umhlwa eziphantsi. Inqanaba elinenani elifanayo lamanzi ngokungena kwigumbi lomatshini elikhulu lokubuyisela umva, eligcinwe kwidama elikhulu liya kuvelisa inqanaba lesibini. Amanzi akhokelela sele sele ekwi-44 yeemitha ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle (kwintlambo yaseLa Bahía de Neiba) aya kwenziwa amashishini kwaye asetyenziselwe ukusetyenziswa kunye nomzi mveliso wezolimo kunye neekloride kunye nezinye iimveliso eziza kukhutshwa nge-electrolysis efana negolide yeemolekyuli, njl. .
Ndingathanda ukwazi ukuba yeyiphi kwezi gesi, ipropane kunye nendalo, evelisa ngakumbi ikhabhon monoksayidi xa itshisiwe?
Ndiyabuza kuba bendihlala ndisebenzisa i-propane gas yeebhotile kwaye kutshanje nditshintshele kwindlu yendalo.
Oko ndatshintshela kwirhasi yendalo, ndiye ndafumanisa ivumba elithile elitshisayo elenza ndibenesiyezi, esingakhange senzeke kum xa ndisebenzisa ipropane. Ndiyaqonda ngakumbi ukuba c. ayinakuvumba ... ngaba umntu unokundinceda?
Molo, ungandinika ulwazi lwakho ukuze ndikubhekise kwinxalenye yophando lwam. Enkosi
Ibhlog enomdla. Ndifunda into kwiwebhusayithi yonke imihla. Kuhlala kuyonwabisa ukukwazi ukufunda umxholo wabanye ababhali. Ndingathanda ukusebenzisa into evela kwiposti yakho kwiwebhusayithi yam, ngokwendalo ndiza kushiya ikhonkco, ukuba uyandivumela. Enkoso ngokwabelana.
Molo ngokuhlwa ndenza uphando malunga nongcoliseko lwegesi yendalo kwaye ndiyalithanda inqaku lakho ungandinika idatha yophando lwam.
I gracias
ok dick bekungancedi nto kum: v
Manuel Ramírez, ndilithandile inqaku lakho ku "amandla egesi yendalo nawo avelisa ungcoliseko" kwaye ndiyayithanda kwaye ndifuna ukuyisebenzisa kwithisisi yam, ungandidlulisela idatha yakho ukuze ubhekise kuwe ngokuchanekileyo kunye nomhla opapashe eli nqaku. Enkosi