El biogas Ngumthombo wamandla ohlaziyekayo ofunyanwa ekuboleni kwezinto eziphilayo kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-anaerobic digestion. Le nkqubo ivelisa igesi eyenziwe ikakhulu yimethane (CH4) kunye necarbon dioxide (CO2), enokusetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla. I-Biogas ifana negesi yendalo ngokweempawu zayo kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa umbane, ukuveliswa kwe-thermal okanye njenge-biofuel.
Omnye wemithombo ephambili yemveliso ye-biogas yile inkunkuma yendalo, njengodaka oluphuma kwimfuyo, ngakumbi iihagu. Le nkunkuma ithunyelwa kwi-biodigester ngemibhobho, apho ibola kwaye ivelise i-biogas. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kumazwe afana neJamani, kukho izityalo ezingaphezu kwe-10.000 ze-biogas ngenxa yobukho bayo obuqinileyo kwishishini lemfuyo, ngelixa eSpain, amandla asakhulayo.
Iplanti yebiogas eCampillos
La isityalo se-biogas eCampillos, eMálaga, yiprojekthi ebalulekileyo ekutshintsheni kwamandla e-Andalusia. Ivulwe ngoJulayi 2016, isityalo sinamandla okunyanga ukuya kuthi ga Iitoni ezingama-60.000 zodaka ngonyaka kunye nenye inkunkuma ephilayo. Amandla aveliswayo ayamangalisa, afikelela ngaphezulu I-16 yezigidi zekWh ngonyaka, ukuvumela iinkampani zasekhaya zoshishino ngezolimo ukuba zixhamle kumthombo wamandla othembekileyo nozinzileyo.
Phakathi kweenkampani eziye zanxulumana nesi sityalo, oku kulandelayo kugqamile: I-PROCAVI, omnye wabavelisi abakhulu be-turkey eYurophu, kunye GYPASA, ukusuka kwicandelo lengulube. Ngaphaya koko, isityalo sikwavelisa I-10.000 yeetoni zomgquba ngonyaka, ezisetyenziswa njengezichumisi kwezolimo zasekuhlaleni. Lo mgquba uphucula ukuchuma komhlaba kwaye unceda ekunciphiseni imfuno yezichumisi zekhemikhali, ukukhuthaza izenzo ezizinzileyo zolimo.
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo nentlalontle
Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yesityalo iphawuleka, njengoko inegalelo elikhulu ekunciphiseni Ukukhutshwa kweegesi zegreenhouse. Kuqikelelwa ukuba isityalo sinciphisa malunga Iitoni ezi-13.000 ze-CO2 ngonyaka, nto leyo ilingana nokususa ngaphezu 2.800 iimoto ezindleleni. Ngaphezu koko, unyango lwe-slurry luthintela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nomhlaba, ingxaki enkulu kwiindawo ezinomsebenzi ophezulu wemfuyo.
Ngokwentlalontle, isibonelelo sibe nempembelelo entle ngokuvelisa umsebenzi wendawo ekulawuleni inkunkuma kunye nokuveliswa kwamandla. Ngaphaya koko, inika umzekelo omawulandelwe kwiiprojekthi zexesha elizayo ze-agroindustrial biogas eSpain. Isityalo saseCampillos sibonise ukuphumelela kwezoqoqosho ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kuncedo lukarhulumente, olubonisa ukubaluleka kokuzimela kumandla avuselelekayo kwiindawo ezincinci kunye neenkampani.
Ukuveliswa komgquba kunye nokugaya ukutya
Enye yezona mveliso zibalulekileyo zenkqubo yokugaya i-anaerobic ukwetyisa, eyinkunkuma eqinileyo evela kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-biogas. Le digestate ityebile kwizondlo kwaye inokuguqulwa ibe isichumiso esiphilayo inokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezolimo. Kwisityalo saseCampillos, malunga neetoni ezingama-10.000 zomgquba wodidi oluphezulu ziveliswa ngonyaka.
Umgquba owenziwe apha awuphuculi umgangatho womhlaba kuphela kodwa unegalelo kuqoqosho olujikelezayo kulo mmandla. Oku kuthetha ukuba umjikelo wemveliso uvalwa ngokusebenzisa inkunkuma ephilayo ebithathwa njengenkunkuma ngaphambili, ijike ibe yimithombo eluncedo yokubuyisela nokuphucula imihlaba yezolimo yasekhaya.
Ikamva le-biogas e-Andalusia
I-Andalusia inamandla amakhulu okuphuhliswa kwezityalo ezintsha ze-biogas, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinobuninzi bemfuyo okanye iifama zezolimo. Okwangoku, kukho amanyathelo amaninzi aqhubekayo, afana ne I-Bioreciric en IAalmería kunye nezinye izityalo ezisahlumayo kumaphondo afana neSeville neGranada.
I-Andalusia kulindeleke ukuba ibe yinkokeli yelizwe kwimveliso ye-biogas. Umzekelo ocacileyo yiprojekthi yezityalo ze-biomethane kwi Imithombo yeAndalusian, Seville, eceba ukuvelisa 84,9 GWh zamandla ngonyaka, anele ukubonelela amakhaya angama-22.500, nangaphezulu I-9.500 itoni yeCO2 ithintelwe.
Uphuhliso lwezityalo ezininzi ze-biogas kwi-agro-industrial biogas kulo mmandla aluyi kuba negalelo kuphela ekunciphiseni i-carbon footprint, kodwa luya kukhulisa ukudalwa kwemisebenzi eluhlaza kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzimela kwamandla. Iiprojekthi ezifana neseCampillos zimele inyathelo elibalulekileyo elibhekiselele kwikamva elizinzileyo le-Andalusia kunye nelizwe lonke.