Babcock Ranch, eseFlorida, eUnited States, yaziwa njenge isixeko sokuqala ehlabathini esenzelwe ukunikezelwa ngokupheleleyo ngamandla elanga. Le projekthi yamabhongo iye yaphuhliswa yiKitson & Partners, kwaye inenkxaso yenkampani iFlorida Power and Light. Ngesiqubulo sayo esithi “Azifani zonke izixeko,” iBabcock Ranch imele ikamva lezixeko ezizinzileyo, ezikwaziyo ukuzimela.
Le projekthi ayifuni nje ukuba sisixeko esibonelelwa nge-100% ngamandla elanga, kodwa ikwafuna ukuba imodeli yozinzo lwasezidolophini. Ngeziseko zayo zendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamandla acocekileyo, njengamandla elanga, esi sixeko sinamandla okuba luphawu lwehlabathi ekulweni nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Imodeli yesiXeko seSolar
Ifumaneka kumzantsi-ntshona weFlorida, iBabcock Ranch ithatha indawo engaphezulu kwe-73 km², ngenjongo ecacileyo: ukuba sisixeko sokuqala ukuzimela ngokwamandla ombane, eqhutywa phantse ngokupheleleyo ziipaneli zelanga.
Ngesityalo selanga 75 MW umthamo, I-Babcock Ranch inesibonelelo esingaphezu kwe Iiphaneli zelanga ezingama-340.000, ezibonelela ngamandla aneleyo ukubonelela zombini amakhaya kunye neendawo zoluntu kunye nezorhwebo emini. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba esi sityalo sivelisa amandla amaninzi kunokuba sinokuwasebenzisa, nto leyo evumela uluntu ukuba lubhenele kwimithombo yamandla eyongezelelweyo efana negesi yendalo ngexesha lobusuku kunye neentsuku ezinamafu, nangona ukusetyenziswa kwayo kucetywayo njenge okwethutyana njengophando kwinkqubela phambili yokugcina amandla elanga.
Inyaniso ephawulekayo kukuba Isixeko siye sahambela phambili ekuphumezeni iinkqubo zebhetri ukugcina amandla elanga avela emini, abanike ukuzimela okukhulu nakwiimeko ezimbi ezifana neziphepho.
UkuSebenza koMbane kuMakhaya
Amakhaya angaphakathi kweBabcock Ranch nawo angumzekelo wokonga amandla. Zonke ziyilelwe ngokuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kunye nemigangatho ye Florida Green Building Coalition, kwaye banayo iipaneli ze-thermal insulation eyandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Oku, kudityaniswe neenkqubo zolawulo lwamandla akrelekrele, kwandisa ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi, ukunciphisa ubushushu okanye ilahleko yamandla unyaka wonke, nakwimozulu yaseFlorida.
Ukongeza, isixeko sinothungelwano lwe I-80 km yeendlela zendalo ezidibanisa iindawo ezihlala kuzo, zingakhuthazi nje kuphela ubomi obuhambelana nendalo, kodwa zikhuthaza nabemi ukuba baziqhelanise nemisebenzi yangaphandle efana nokunyuka intaba kunye nokukhwela ibhayisekile.
IziSeko ezinguNdoqo eziZinzileyo kunye noThutho oluZimelayo
Enye yeentsika zeziseko ezingundoqo ezizinzileyo eBabcock Ranch kukukhuthaza uthutho lombane, zombini kwiibhayisekile zombane kunye nakwizithuthi ezizimeleyo eziqhutywa ngumbane. Isixeko sineendawo zokutshaja ezininzi ezisasazwe ngobuchule ukuqinisekisa ukuba izithuthi zombane zinendlela ebanzi ngaphakathi kwesixeko.
Ukongeza, inkqubo yezothutho lukawonke-wonke esebenza ngombane ngokupheleleyo nezimeleyo iphunyeziwe, nto leyo evula iingcango zenqanaba elitsha lokuhamba ezidolophini. I iibhasi zombane ezizimeleyo Sele zisebenza kwaye zihlawulela iimfuno zokuhamba zabemi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kokukhutshwa.
Impembelelo yezendalo kunye noLondolozo
Nangona zininzi iingenelo zayo, asiyiyo yonke into eyoyikisayo. Iqela UMzantsi Florida Widlands ivakalise inkxalabo malunga nefuthe lokusingqongileyo kulwakhiwo lwe-Babcock Ranch kwiindawo zokuhlala ezingqongileyo. Kukho ukwesaba malunga neempembelelo zeentlobo ezifana neFlorida panthers, iibhere ezimnyama okanye iinyoka ezihlala kwiindawo ezikufutshane.
Ukuchasana nezi nkxalabo, abaphuhlisi babhengeze ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-295 km² efunyenweyo ukulungiselela iprojekthi, ngaphantsi kwe-73 km² iya kuphuhliswa, ukulondoloza okuseleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwenkqubo yendalo. Sekunjalo, ulwakhiwo lwamaziko okuthenga amatsha kunye nophuhliso olukufuphi neprojekthi luhlala lungumxholo wengxoxo.
Ukuchasana neMisitho yeNdalo egqithisileyo
I-Babcock Ranch yenzelwe ukuba ingagcini nje ngokugcina indalo, kodwa ikwazi ukumelana neentlekele zendalo ezifana neenkanyamba, ezibetha iFlorida rhoqo. Uyilo lwesixeko lusekwe kucwangciso olucokisekileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe i imingcipheko yezikhukhula, ukubeka iziseko zophuhliso kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kunye nokuyila iindawo zendalo ezifunxa amanzi agqithisileyo.
Isixeko saphumelela olona vavanyo lwaso lunzima ngexesha le Inkanyamba i-Ian ngo-2022, into eyenzekayo eyonakalisa iindawo ezinkulu zasemzantsi-ntshona weFlorida. Ngelixa izigidi zabantu kwimimandla ekufutshane zaphelelwa ngamandla kwaye zonakaliswa kakhulu, iBabcock Ranch yahlala ingonzakele. Ndiyabulela kwinkqubo yayo yamandla elanga kunye nenyaniso yokuba nayo lonke uqhagamshelo lombane kunye ne-intanethi phantsi komhlaba, isixeko asizange sibe neengxaki zokucima umbane okanye ukucuthwa kweenkonzo ezibalulekileyo.
Lo mbandela wokuqina, kunye nokuzimela kwamandla, zizinto ezahlula i-Babcock Ranch njenge-benchmark kunye ne-case study kwizixeko ezizayo emhlabeni jikelele phantsi kweemeko ezikhulayo zokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ikamva leSolar City
Ikamva leBabcock Ranch likhangeleka liqaqambile. Ikhono layo lokuziqhelanisa nemingeni yokusingqongileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kobuchwephesha obuphambili kunye nokugxila kwayo ekuzinzeni kuyenza ibe sisixeko esingumzekelo esinokukhuthaza uphuhliso olufanayo kungekuphela nje eUnited States, kodwa kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, isixeko kulindeleke ukuba siqhubeke sikhula ukuze sikwazi ukuhlalisa ukuya kuthi ga Abemi abangama-50.000, eya kuthi iyihlanganise njengenqaba phakathi kwezixeko zendalo.
Iprojekthi ibonise ukuba ucwangciso lwasezidolophini lunokuqhubela phambili ngakumbi, kungekuphela nje ukucinga ngeemfuno zanamhlanje, kodwa nokulungiselela izixeko ukuze zixhathise ucelomngeni olubangelwa kukutshintsha kwemekobume. Xa sijongene nale mingeni, iBabcock Ranch sele iluphawu lwendlela izixeko ekufuneka zivele ngayo kwaye zilungelelanise ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni okusingqongileyo.
Ukudityaniswa kwamandla elanga, ukuthuthwa kombane, kunye nokucwangciswa kokuqina kuvumela isixeko ukuba sibe nombono wokukhula okuzinzileyo. Njengoko amaziko okuthenga kunye neziseko ezingundoqo ezingakumbi ziphuhliswa, kuya kubaluleka ukuqhubeka nokubeka esweni impembelelo abanayo kwi-ikhosistim yengingqi kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba ulondolozo lwezilwanyana nezityalo luhlala luyinto ephambili.
I-Babcock Ranch ayilungiselelwanga ikamva kuphela, kodwa ibonisa ihlabathi ukuba izixeko zangomso kufuneka zibe njani.
Into yegesi yendalo iya kuba lelinye ishishini. Loluphi ulwazi olulungileyo, isithuba esihle.
Enkosi kakhulu Osmar, Kuluyolo ukukwazisa ngazo naziphi na iindaba ezivela kumandla ahlaziyekayo.
A ubingelele.