Rhoqo ngonyaka, inqwaba yeecetaceans kunye Iminenga Ziyatyhutyha kunxweme lwehlabathi jikelele. Esi siganeko sifundwa kakhulu, kodwa sihlala singumbuzo omkhulu kwisayensi. Izizathu kunye neengcamango ezicetywayo ngabaphandi ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo, amanxweme, kunye nemozulu. Le misonto inokuchaphazela umntu omnye, kodwa inokubandakanya amaqela apheleleyo.
Imisonto emininzi vs. umntu ngamnye
Zimbini iintlobo ze iintambo eziphambili: ezinkulu kunye nomntu ngamnye. Kwi imitya eninzi, kwanamakhulu eminenga ayadibana, njengoko kuye kwenzeka kunxweme lwaseTasmania naseNew Zealand. Iintlobo ezichatshazelwa kakhulu kolu hlobo lweziganeko yiminenga eyi-pilot (pilot whales) kunye ne-sperm whales. Iindawo ezifana neNew Zealand, iWestern Australia kunye nePatagonia zaziwa kabuhlungu ngezi ziganeko.
Kwelinye icala, iminenga nganye, exhaphake kakhulu, ihlala ichaphazela iminenga ye-baleen, efana neminenga ye-humpback okanye iminenga engwevu. Ityala lamva nje eOstreliya libonise ukwanda okuxhalabisayo kwinani leminenga emincinci evaleleke ngenxa yokungondleki, nto leyo eye yothusa uluntu lwenzululwazi.
Oonobangela abasemva kokumka komnenga
Izifundo azikafikeleli kwisigqibo esiqinisekileyo ngesizathu esinye sokuba kutheni iminenga ibaleka emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, izizathu ezininzi ziye zachongwa ezinokuchaphazela ezi ziganeko, kuquka:
- Ukuphazamiseka kwendalo: Iminenga emininzi, ingakumbi iminenga eyi-pilot kunye nesperm whale, ixhomekeke kuyo i-echolocation ukuhamba. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezinonxweme olungenzulwanga okanye ii-semicircular bays, inkqubo yabo yokhokelo iyasilela ngenxa yokunqongophala kwesandi esicacileyo sokubuyela kwakhona.
- Izinto zeGeomagnetic: Iminenga, njengezinye iintaka ezifudukayo, ikhokelwa yimagnethi yomhlaba. Iiyantlukwano kule ntsimi, ezifana nezo zibangelwa zizivunguvungu zelanga, zinokutshintsha ngokunzulu amandla abo okuhamba, okukhokelela kwii-cetaceans kwiindawo ezingafanelekanga.
- Ingxolo phantsi kwamanzi: Ingxolo eyenziwa ngabantu, efana nesonar yasemkhosini okanye ukombiwa kweoli, inokuphazamisana nonxibelelwano lomnenga kunye nokuqhelaniswa nayo. Le ngxolo inamandla iyingozi ngokukhethekileyo kwiintlobo ezinzulu zolwandle, njengeminenga enemilomo. Ukulandela ukulawulwa komkhosi kwimimandla efana neSipro okanye iZiqithi zaseCanary, uxinezeleko oluninzi luye lwabhalwa.
- Ukungondleki: Ukuloba ngokugqithiseleyo kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunciphisa kakhulu ukutya kweminenga, njengekrill. Oku kubangele ukwanda kokungondleki, ngakumbi kwiminenga eselula.
Ekugqibeleni, i-whale strandings idla ngokuba sisiphumo sokudityaniswa kwezinto zendalo kunye nabantu.
Impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu
El kutshintsha kwe mozulu Ngomnye unobangela wokuba izazinzulu ziwugqale njengondoqo ekwandeni kwemibhobho. Umzekelo, ukulahleka komkhenkce wolwandle kwi Arctic kunciphise ukufumaneka kwamaxhoba aphambili afana nee-amphipods, ezibalulekileyo kwiintlobo ezifana neminenga engwevu. Phakathi kuka-2019 kunye no-2023, ngaphezulu kwe-680 iminenga engwevu yabalwa kuMntla waseMelika Pacific, ebonisa ubunzulu bale meko.
Oku kuncipha kokufumaneka kokutya akuchaphazeli nje kuphela isimo sesondlo seminenga, kodwa kunokuguqula iindlela zayo zokufuduka, kuyenze ukuba ibe lula ukuwela emhlabeni kufuphi nonxweme. Iziphumo zexesha elide zokutshintsha kwemozulu ziyaqhubeka zibonakala kwindlela yokuziphatha nasekuphileni kwezi ntlobo.
Ukuziphatha kwentlalo yeminenga
Las iminenga zizilwanyana ezihlala kakhulu yaye ngokuqhelekileyo bahamba bengamaqela akhokelwa ngumntu omnye okanye abaliqela. Kwimeko yeminenga ekuthiwa yi<em>sperm whales, iinkunzi zithabatha le ndima, ngoxa iminenga ebulalayo ilandela i<em>matriarch. Ukuba inkokeli yeqela iyaphazamiseka ngenxa yesizathu esithile okanye igule, lonke iqela linokumlandela ukuya elunxwemeni kwaye lingabikho.
Kwezinye iziqephu, xa iminenga iphinde yadada phezu kwamanzi, iye yaboniswa ukuba ibuyele elunxwemeni ukuba iva iminxeba yokucela uncedo kwamanye amalungu eqela. Lo mba unokwenza nzima kakhulu iinzame zokuhlangula.
Ukungenelela kwabantu: uncedo okanye ingozi?
Las ungenelelo lwabantu Baye basindisa iminenga emininzi evalelweyo, kodwa ukuhlangula akusoloko kuyimpumelelo. Amaqela ohlangulo asebenza ngokuzimisela ukugcina i-cetaceans imanzi kwaye ikwimeko entle, kodwa umonakalo abawufumanayo emanzini uhlala ungenakuguqulwa. Uxinzelelo olukhulu lomzimba wakho kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni zizinto ezigqibayo kwimpilo yakho.
Ukongezelela, kukho amaxesha apho ukudada umnenga ngaphandle kokuhlalutya kwangaphambili imeko yawo kunokuba luncedo. Ezinye izilwanyana zigula okanye zibuthathaka kangangokuba ukuzibuyisela emanzini kuya kwandisa ukubandezeleka kwazo kunokuba kuzincede. Kwezi meko, iingcali zinokucebisa yesifo njengolona khetho lunovelwano.
Nangona kunjalo, akusiyo yonke into engumfanekiso omnyama. Kumazwe amaninzi, iintambo zomnxeba kunye neeprothokholi zikaxakeka ziye zaphunyezwa ukudibanisa ngokukhawuleza amaqela amavolontiya kunye neengcali, ukusindisa ubomi beecetaceans ezininzi. Umsebenzi ngamnye wokuhlangula ukwanika ithuba elikhethekileyo lokufunda ezi zilwanyana kwaye ufunde ngakumbi ngobomi bazo, izoyikiso, kunye nebhayoloji.
I-Whale strandings yinto enzima kakhulu ebandakanya uthotho lwezinto zendalo kunye nezomntu. Uphando oluqhubekayo luyimfuneko ukuqonda ngcono oonobangela balo kunye nokuthintela iziphumo ezibi kwezi ntlobo. Intsebenziswano phakathi kwezazinzulu, abahlanguli kunye noluntu lwaselunxwemeni luhlala lubalulekile ukunciphisa iziphumo zezi ziganeko kwixesha elizayo.
Kuhle
I-axis yokujikeleza komhlaba itshintshile.IiCetaceans kunye neentlanzi zikhokelwa lilanga le nto iyenzeka nakwiMeditera. Ukuba i-axis esembindini kwipali esemantla yayisondele eCanada, uya kuba useRussia kwiminyaka embalwa.