Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuhlala kungumngeni onzima eAmazon., ngokweedatha ezisemthethweni zamva nje, ezilumkisa ngokunyuka, nangona iinzame zoorhulumente bommandla. Amanani akutshanje aye abangela inkxalabo phakathi kwabasemagunyeni, iingcali, noluntu, olubona indlela ukulahleka kwamahlathi okusongela ngayo iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye noluntu oluxhomekeke kule nkqubo yezinto eziphilayo.
Iingxelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezifundo, ngokusekelwe kulwazi lwesathelayithi kunye neerekhodi zentsimi, bonisa iindlela ezixubeneyo kodwa ezixhalabisayoNangona kuye kwabakho amaxesha okunciphisa, isiganeko sokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi sihlala sinqabile kwaye sijongene nemingeni emitsha, efana nokuqiniswa kwemililo kunye noxinzelelo lwezenzo ezingekho mthethweni.
Ukwanda kwakutshanje ekugawulweni kwamahlathi kunye noonobangela bako
Idatha yokuqala ekhutshwe nguRhulumente waseBrazil yalatha ku Ukwanda kwe-4% ekugawulweni kwamahlathi yeAmazon kulo nyaka uphelileyo, yaphula uluhlu lokuhla okune okulandelelanayo. Phakathi kuka-Agasti 2024 kunye noJulayi 2025, badandathekile Iikhilomitha ezi-4.495 ezikwere yehlathi, ngokwenkqubo yokulumkisa yeZiko leSizwe loPhando lwaseMajukujukwini (INPE). Eli nani, nangona lesibini liphantsi ukususela ngo-2016, lilumkisa ngesiqhelo esifuna ingqalelo esondeleyo.
Un I-84% yohlaza itshatyalalisiwe kungenxa yokugawulwa ngokuthe ngqo kwemithi, ngelixa I-15% ihambelana nomlilo wamahlathi kunye ne-1% kuphela kwimigodi. Iziganeko zemililo, eziye zanyanzeliswa yimozulu, ibe yinto ebonisa ukunyuka, ngokutsho kukarhulumente kunye nemithombo yesayensi. Ngaphandle kwamaza omlilo arekhodiweyo kwisiqingatha sesibini sonyaka ophelileyo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi bekuya kuncipha nge-8%, endaweni yokwanda.
Impembelelo kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo
Kulo Oovimba bendalo baseAmazon, ukugawulwa kwemithi kuye kwancipha nge-26%, kunye nommandla ochaphazelekayo uwela kwi-90 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye ii-ecosystems eziphambili zaseBrazil zibonisa umfanekiso owahlukileyo. I-Cerrado, i-savanna ebalulekileyo kumbindi welizwe, ibhalise ukuhla kwe-20,8%, kwaye i-Pantanal, i-pantanal, eyona migxobhozo inkulu ehlabathini, ibone ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwehla ngama-72%. Nangona oku kuncitshiswa kubonisa inkqubela phambili, iinkxalabo zihleli malunga noxinzelelo lwezolimo kunye nokutshiswa komhlaba okuqhubeka nokusongela ezi ndawo zokuhlala.
Ubuchule bokuchasana nokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungekho mthethweni: ubuchwepheshe kunye nolawulo
Enye yezona nkqubela ziphawulekayo kumlo ochasene nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kummandla weAmazon yi ukufakwa kweenkqubo zokubeka iliso zesathelayithi kunye ne-artificial intelligence algorithmsImimandla emithandathu ye-Amazonian, kuquka i-Loreto, i-Ucayali, kunye ne-Madre de Dios, isebenzise izixhobo ezitsha zokubona imisebenzi engekho mthethweni kunye nokukhawuleza iimpendulo ekulahlekeni kwehlathi.
Iingcali zengingqi zifumene Uqeqesho lokulawula amaqonga afana ne-Forview kunye neSpectral, ekwazi ukuhlalutya ubuninzi bedatha kunye nokuchonga iipatheni zokuphazamiseka kwehlathi. I-algorithm ye-ADETOP v2, esekelwe kwiimodeli eziphambili kunye nokuqeqeshwa ngolwazi oluqokelelwe yi-Sentinel-2 kunye ne-Landsat satellites, ivelele ngokukwazi ukubonelela ngokubeka iliso okungaphazamisekiyo, nakwi-covering cloud cover.
Ngexesha lovavanyo lwasendle, i-ADETOP v2 iphunyeziwe ukubona ngaphezulu kwe-23 amawaka eetyhubhik metres zokhuni olutsalwe ngokungekho mthethweni eMadre de Dios, elilingana namakhulu eelori. Ezinye zezi ziphumo sele zikhokelele kwizohlwayo zolawulo, zibeka umzekelo wokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe ekuhloleni amahlathi.
Imimandla nayo yenza inkqubela kwi ukudalwa kwemigaqo eyeyakho kunye namaziko okubeka iliso anatyisiweyo, ifuna ukulungelelanisa umlo ochasene nokugawulwa kwemithi kwiinkcukacha zommandla ngamnye kunye nokubonelela abasemagunyeni bommandla ngokuzimela okukhulu kunye namandla obugcisa.
Izibophelelo zezopolitiko kunye nemingeni
Ukuzibophelela kwezopolitiko kuseyintsika engundoqo. Urhulumente waseBrazil uphinde wayiphinda injongo yakhe yoku kupheliswe ngokupheleleyo ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngo-2030, ibalaselisa ukubaluleka kokomeleza ukongamela, ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa, nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe.
Nangona kunjalo, imithetho emininzi yamva nje ibonisa ukungavisisani kwangaphakathi, njengoko ezinye izindululo zisenza buthathaka iimfuno zokusingqongileyo kwiiprojekthi kunye neziseko zophuhliso, okanye ziququzelela ukuphononongwa kwe-oyile kwiindawo ezinobuzaza, zisenza nzima ulungelelwaniso phakathi kophuhliso nolondolozo.
Amanye amazwe aseAmazonia anjengeColombia nawo anika ingxelo inkqubela ekunciphiseni ukugawulwa kwamahlathiPhakathi kowama-2022 no-2024, baye bafumana ukucumula nge-39% xa kuthelekiswa no-2021, begqitha kwiithagethi zabo zesizwe. Ngaphandle kwale nkqubela phambili, ilahleko yonxibelelwano phakathi kwenkqubo yendalo kwimimandla efana neAmazon Arc ihlala iyinkxalabo enkulu, isoyikisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji kunye nempilo yoluntu lwasekuhlaleni.
Ukusetyenziswa kobugcisa, ukuphuhliswa kwamaqela akhethekileyo, nokuzibophelela kwezopolitiko ngundoqo ekuthinteleni ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi. Ngoxa ukuhambela phambili nokuncipha kweteknoloji kweminye imimandla kunika ithemba, ukulwa nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kufuna amanyathelo aqinisekileyo, ukubeka iliso rhoqo, kunye nentsebenziswano esebenzayo kwimigangatho yengingqi neyezizwe ngezizwe.
