Uguqulwa njani umoya ube ngumbane? Isandulela esithe ngqo sangoku oomatshini bomoya badala oomatshini bomoya, ezisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje kwimisebenzi eyahlukahlukeneyo, njengokusila iinkozo okanye ukumpompa amanzi. A Iwindow Ingumatshini oneencakuba okanye iincakuba ezidityaniswe kwishafti eqhelekileyo ejikelezayo xa kuvuthuza umoya.
Le ntshukumo yomatshini ingasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Okwangoku, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukuyisebenzisa ukuvelisa umbane. Ukujikeleza kweeblades kusebenze ijenereyitha yombane eguqula i Amandla eKinetic evela emoyeni amandla kagesi.
Iindidi zeeNjini zomoya
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze oomatshini bomoya ngokwendlela elungeleleneyo ngayo; i-axis ethe tye kunye i-axis ethe nkqo.
Ii-injini zomoya ezithe nkqo
Zezona zixhaphakileyo namhlanje kwaye ziphawulwa ngokuba ne-axis yokujikeleza ihambelane nomhlaba. Oku kuvumela uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ukuba zigutyungelwe, ukusuka kwiinkqubo zesizukulwana esincinci ukuya kwiifama ezinkulu zomoya. Zisetyenziswa kufakelo zombini yasemhlabeni (elunxwemeni) njenge elwandle (offshore), ukuziqhelanisa neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zamandla.
Iiinjini zomoya ezithe nkqo
Ngokungafaniyo nabo bane-axis ethe tye, i oomatshini bomoya abathe nkqo Azidingi sixhobo sokuqhuba, njengoko zibamba umoya nakweliphi na icala. Oku kunciphisa ubunzima bomatshini kwaye kuvumela ukuba i-generator ibekwe kufuphi nomhlaba, iququzelele ukufikelela ekugcinweni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeeinjini zomoya ezithe nkqo: Savonius, Giromill y UDarrieus, nganye inezinto ezithile kuyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo.
Ukungalungi kweeinjini zomoya
Nangona iiinjini zomoya zisisisombululo esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu Imveliso yamandla ahlaziyekayo, kukho ukusilela. Phakathi kwezona zibalaseleyo zezakhe ubukhulu obukhulu kunye ingxolo ukuba bavelise. Ezi mpawu zinyanzelisa ukuba kufakwe iiinjini zomoya kwiindawo ezikude neendawo zasezidolophini.
Enye ingxaki ephambili yi ukuguquguquka komoya. Iiturbines ziyilelwe ukusebenza kakuhle xa umoya uvuthuza kuluhlu lwezantya ezithile, ezidla ngokuba phakathi. I-3 kunye ne-24 yeemitha ngesekhondi. Ukuba umoya ubuthathaka, i-injini yomoya ayikwazi ukuvelisa umbane owaneleyo, kwaye ukuba yomelele kakhulu, inokuyonakalisa indlela.
UMgaqo-siseko weinjini yomoya okanye iinjini yomoya
Iiinjini zomoya zenziwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo asebenza kunye ukuguqula ngokufanelekileyo umoya ube ngumbane. Ngezantsi sichaza ezona ndawo zibalulekileyo:
- Inqaba kunye neziseko: Inqaba ibamba iincakuba kunye nejenereyitha. Yakhiwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nentsimbi okanye ikhonkrithi, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu be-turbine. Iziseko ziqinisekisa uzinzo kwaye zinokuba nzulu okanye zinzulu.
- Ukujikeleza: Lelona candelo linonxibelelwano olukhulu nomoya. Iincakuba zayo ziguqula amandla omoya abe yintshukumo ejikelezayo.
- Igondola: I-nacelle igcina ijenereyitha kunye nebhokisi yokuphindaphinda. Esi siqwenga sinoxanduva lokujongisa iincakuba kwicala lomoya.
- Ibhokisi ephindaphindayo: kwandisa isantya sokujikeleza kwe-rotor ukufikelela kwiinguqu eziyimfuneko kwi-generator, ngokubanzi i-1.500 ukuya kwi-2.000 ngomzuzu.
- Umvelisi: Ukuguqula amandla oomatshini abe ngamandla ombane, ngokubanzi ngokusetyenziswa kwemagnethi.
Izinto eziluncedo ngeeinjini zomoya ezikhawulezayo xa kuthelekiswa nezicothayo
Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zeeinjini zomoya: ezikhawulezayo nezicothayo. I iiinjini zomoya ezikhawulezayo Zikhaphukhaphu kwaye zisebenza ngakumbi ngenxa yenani elincinci lamagqabi. Ngokuba nezinto ezimbalwa ezihambayo, kulula ukuzigcina kwaye zinokulawula ngcono amandla athathwe emoyeni. Ukongeza, ulwakhiwo lwayo olulula lunciphisa uxinzelelo kwibhokisi yegiya kunye nezinto ezinomatshini, okukhokelela ekubeni ixabiso eliphantsi lolondolozo kunye ubomi obude.
Eyona windmill inamandla ehlabathini
Kutshanje, inkampani IVestas ibonise uhlaziyo lweinjini yomoya V164, oyena unamandla ehlabathini. Le turbine inkulu iphakame kangangeemitha ezingama-220 kwaye inamaphiko aziimitha ezingama-80 ubude. Imodeli yangaphambili inike amandla e-8 MW, kodwa emva kokuphuculwa okwenziweyo, i-injini yomoya entsha inokufikelela I-9 MW yamandla phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.
Ngexesha lovavanyo lwayo lokuqala, le turbine yomoya ikwazile ukuvelisa 216.000 kWh kwiiyure ezingama-24, ukubeka irekhodi yokuvelisa amandla. Ukubeka le datha ngendlela efanelekileyo, eso sixa samandla sinokubonelela ngokusetyenziswa kombane kwikhaya eliphakathi 66 iminyaka.
Impumelelo yale turbine inkulu ibonisile oko imimoya yolwandle inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinguqulelo ukuya amandla ahlaziyekayo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Ukukwazi kwayo ukusebenzisa imisinga yomoya enamandla elwandle kwaye iguqule ngokufanelekileyo ibe ngumbane linyathelo elikhulu lokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.
Amandla omoya ayaqhubeka nokuvela, kunye nee turbines zomoya ziba namandla kwaye zisebenza kakuhle. Izinto ezintsha ezifana ne-V164 aziseti kuphela iirekhodi ezintsha, kodwa zikwabonisa amandla omoya ovela kude nonxweme ukuze akhokele ukuveliswa kombane ococekileyo, ofikelelekayo nozinzileyo.
Ndikhathalele i-50 km ukusuka e-Edilberto