Amandla e-Geothermal ngumthombo wamandla ahlaziyekayo osebenzisa ubushushu obusuka ngaphakathi eMhlabeni ukuvelisa umbane, izakhiwo zokupholisa umoya kunye nokufumana amanzi ashushu ngendlela ye-ikholoji. Amaxesha amaninzi awaziwa kangako xa kuthelekiswa namanye amandla ahlaziyekayo Njengelanga okanye umoya, amandla e-geothermal anemisebenzi emininzi kwaye anikezela ngokufanelekileyo amandla okusebenza.
Amandla Ifunyenwe kwaye iqhutywe kwiindawo ezithile ezibizwa ngokuba yi-geothermal powerplants. Kodwa yintoni kanye kanye isityalo samandla e-geothermal kwaye sisebenza njani?
Isityalo samandla ombane
Umatshini wamandla obushushu bomhlaba sisixhobo sokuvelisa umbane esiqhutywa bubushushu bomhlaba. Ezi zixhobo ezijongene nokukhupha ukushisa kwi-subsoil ziyimfuneko ekuguquleni amandla ashushu kumbane ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kwizinto zangaphandle, ezifana neemeko zemozulu, ngokungafani nezinye izinto ezihlaziyiweyo.
Ngokumalunga nefuthe lokusingqongileyo, ukukhutshwa kwekharbon diokside kwiplanti yamandla obushushu bomhlaba Zincinci kakhulu kunezo ziveliswa zizityalo zefosili. Ngokomyinge, bakhupha nje i-45 g ye-CO2 kwi-kWh nganye eyenziweyo, ngaphantsi kwe-5% yokukhutshwa kwezityalo zesintu.
Nangona kunjalo, amandla e-geothermal alinganiselwe apho anokufakwa khona ngokufanelekileyo, ngenxa yesidingo sokugrumba kwi-crust yoMhlaba kwiindawo ezinomsebenzi ophezulu we-geothermal. I-United States, iiPhilippines kunye ne-Indonesia ziphakathi kwabavelisi abakhulu bala mandla ngenxa yejografi yabo efanelekileyo.
Nangona inamandla, kuqikelelwa ukuba kuphela yi-6,5% yomthamo wejiyometri yehlabathi jikelele esetyenziswayo, ngokutsho kweGeothermal Energy Association.
Izibonelelo zamandla ombane
Ubushushu obusuka kumbindi woMhlaba busasazwa ngoqweqwe loMhlaba, osebenza njengesithinteli. Ukuze kusetyenziswe obo bushushu, kuyimfuneko ukugrumba emhlabeni, nto leyo efuna iziseko ezingundoqo ezifana nemibhobho kunye nemithombo ye-geothermal.
Ngokubanzi, Ubungakanani bamandla e-geothermal akhoyo ayanda ngobunzulu bokomba kunye nokuba kufutshane kwincam zeetectonic plates, apho ubushushu buphezulu.
Sisebenza njani isityalo samandla aphuma kubushushu bamanzi?
Inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane kumzi-mveliso wamandla obushushu obuphantsi komhlaba isekelwe ekusebenzeni kwizigaba ezibini ezingundoqo: indawo ye-geothermal kunye neplanti yokuguqula.
Intsimi ye-geothermal
Ummandla we-geothermal yindawo apho i-geothermal gradient iphezulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ihambelana ne-aquifer evaliweyo ngamanzi ashushu, agcinwe phantsi kweengqimba ezingenamanzi ezigcina ukushisa. Lo vimba we-geothermal ngumthombo wobushushu obuya kusetyenziswa ukwenza umbane.
Amaqula akulo mmandla akhupha umxube wamanzi nomphunga ogqithiselwa kwisityalo ngemibhobho, kusetyenziswa umphunga ukuhambisa iiinjini zomoya nokuqhuba inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa
Inkqubo yokuvelisa iqala ngokutsalwa komphunga kunye namanzi ashushu kwi-geothermal reservoir kunye nokudluliselwa kwayo kwisityalo. Xa sele ulapho, umphunga wahlulwe kulwelo nge umahluli wenkanyamba. Lo mphunga nguwo owenza iiiturbines zijikeleze ngesantya esiphezulu (3.600 revolutions ngomzuzu), zivelisa umbane.
Amanzi angaphezulu aphindiselwa kwidama, inkqubo eqinisekisa ukuzinza kwenkqubo. Ukuba oku kugatywa kwakhona akuzange kuqhutywe, ubutyebi buya kuphelelwa, kwaye amandla angenakuthathwa njengokuhlaziywa.
Iindidi zezityalo zamandla aphuma kubushushu bomhlaba
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zezityalo ze-geothermal:
Izityalo zomphunga owomileyo
Olu hlobo lwesityalo lolona lulula. Isebenza ngokukhupha umphunga othe ngqo kumhlaba ongaphantsi kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-150 °C. Lo mphunga uqhuba iiinjini zomoya ezivelisa umbane.
Izityalo zeFlash Steam
Kwizityalo ze-flash steam, amanzi ashushu aphezulu aphezulu aphuma emaquleni, kwaye xa efakwe kwiindawo eziphantsi zoxinzelelo, inxalenye yamanzi iyaphuphuma, iqhube ii-turbines.
Amaziko ojikelezo lweBhinary
Iiplanti zombane zeBinary cycle zezona zisebenzayo kwaye zanamhlanje. Basebenzisa ulwelo olunendawo yokubila ephantsi ukuhambisa ubushushu emanzini, kwaye ngaloo ndlela bavelise umphunga wokushukuma kweeinjini zomoya, zivumela ukusebenza kwazo ngolwelo kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi angama-57 °C.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nefuthe eliphantsi lokusingqongileyo kwizityalo zomjikelezo webinary zenza ukuba zibe zezona ziphilayo, kuba azikhuphi umphunga okanye ezinye iigesi ngaphandle.
Ukuvela kobuchwephesha be-geothermal kuvumele ukusetyenziswa okungcono kwemithombo ephantsi komhlaba, ukuphucula ukuzinza kwenkqubo kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa okuhambelana nokuveliswa kwamandla. Njengoko amazwe amaninzi enza utyalo-mali kobu buchwepheshe, amandla e-geothermal kulindeleke ukuba adlale indima ebaluleke nangakumbi kwinguqulelo yokucoca, imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo.