Nangona amandla efosili esalawula iplanethi yethu namhlanje, amandla ahlaziyekayo angena kwiimarike zawo onke amazwe ehlabathi. Amandla ahlaziyekayo ngalawo angayingcolisiyo indalo esingqongileyo, angaphelelwayo nakwaziyo ukusebenzisa amandla ezakhi zomhlaba neziyingqongileyo, njengelanga, umoya, namanzi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuvelisa umbane. . Kuba amafutha efosili sele eza kuphelelwa, izinto ezihlaziyiweyo zilikamva.
Namhlanje siza kuthetha nzulu malunga photovoltaic amandla elanga. La mandla, mhlawumbi, asetyenziswa kakhulu kwihlabathi kwintsimi yokuhlaziywa. Ngaba ungathanda ukwazi ukuba isebenza njani kunye nosetyenziso olwahlukileyo enalo?
Inkcazo
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuchaza ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye neempawu, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba yintoni amandla elanga e-photovoltaic. Amandla elanga e-photovoltaic yiloo nto ekwaziyo ukusebenzisa amandla avela kwimitha yelanga ize iwaguqule abe ngumbane. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ze-semiconductor ezenza umbane wombane xa ukhanyiselwe.
Lo mthombo wamandla ucoceke ngokupheleleyo, kuba awuvelisi gesi yegreenhouse okanye ukukhutshwa kwetyhefu ngexesha lenkqubo yawo. Ngapha koko, ngu-a amandla avuselelwe, nto leyo ethetha ukuba umthombo walo oyintloko, ilanga, awusayi kuze uphele kwiibhiliyoni zeminyaka. Ukusebenzisa la mandla, izixhobo ezaziwa ngokuba iipaneli zelanga. Ezi panels zithatha iifotoni zokukhanya kwimitha yelanga kwaye ziguqule zibe ngumbane ngenkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-photovoltaic effect.
Iveliswa njani i-photovoltaic energy yelanga?
Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla elanga e-photovoltaic iqala ekuthinjweni kweefotoni zokukhanya kwelanga kusetyenziswa iipaneli zelanga. Ezi zibamba imitha yelanga kunye nesiphumo se-photovoltaic siguqula ukukhanya kube ngumbane wombane. Iphaneli nganye yelanga yenziwe Iiseli ze-Photovoltaic, ezizizixhobo ze-semiconductor (ngokubanzi i-silicon) ekwazi ukufunxa amandla eefotoni kunye nokukhupha ii-electron. Ezi electron, xa zihamba, zivelisa umsinga wombane.
Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-voltage ephumayo yeseli ye-photovoltaic iphantsi kakhulu (malunga ne-0,6 V). Ukwandisa amandla enkqubo, ezi seli ziqhagamshelwe kuthotho zenza a imodulo fotovoltaico, efakwe kwisakhiwo esichasayo kumswakama kunye nemozulu embi.
Le nkqubo ivelisa umbane othe ngqo, ngokusebenzisa ii-inverters zamandla, unokuguqulwa ube yi-alternating current, evumela ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumakhaya kunye namashishini.
Izinto kunye nokusebenza
Iipaneli zelanga zixhobo apho iiseli ze-photovoltaic zibanjwe. Ezi panel zineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, zombini kunye neshishini. Ngapha koko, iindleko zeephaneli zehlile kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kwaye sinokufumana ukufakelwa okusemgangathweni okujikeleze 7.000 euro.
Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zezi nkqubo zizo ufakelo olulula kunye nokugcinwa okuphantsi. Ngaphaya koko, ubomi bayo obuluncedo bude kakhulu, bujikeleze I-25-30 iminyaka, evumela ukuba utyalo-mali lube lula.
Nangona kunjalo, indawo yeepaneli idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwabo. Ukwandisa ukuthathwa kwamandla, iiphaneli kufuneka zijolise kwindawo apho zifumana iiyure ezininzi zokukhanya kwelanga ngosuku. Amandla athinjiweyo anokugcinwa kwiibhetri ukuze zisetyenziswe ebusuku okanye ngeentsuku ezinamafu.
Ukusebenza kokufakwa kwe-photovoltaic yelanga kuya kuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwijografi kunye nokulungiswa kweepaneli. Kwiindawo ezineeyure ezininzi zokukhanya kwelanga, iinkqubo zelanga zivumela utyalo-mali ukuba lubuyiselwe malunga iminyaka esibhozo, nto leyo eshiya ixesha elininzi lokwenza ingeniso.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane we-photovoltaic
Iinkqubo ze-Photovoltaic ezidityaniswe kwigridi
Enye yezinto eziphambili zokusetyenziswa kwamandla elanga e-photovoltaic ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo ezixhunyiwe kwigridi yombane. Ezi nkqubo zivumela amandla elanga ukuba asetyenziswe ukuvelisa umbane ofakwe kwigridi. Ukufezekisa oku, basebenzisa abaguquli bamandla eziguqula umsinga othe ngqo owenziwe ngamaphaneli abe ngumsinga otshintshanayo, ohambelana negridi yombane.
Nangona iindleko ze-kWh zamandla elanga zisephezulu noko xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithombo yamandla, lo mahluko uncitshiswe kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje ngenxa yetekhnoloji efikelelekayo kunye nokwanda kokusebenza kweephaneli. Kwiindawo ezininzi ezinokukhanya kwelanga okukhulu, i-photovoltaics sele ikhuphisana neminye imithombo. Iinkxaso zoluntu kunye noncedo zingundoqo ekwenzeni olu khetho lube lolona lusebenzayo kubathengi abaninzi.
Olunye usebenziso lwamandla elanga photovoltaic
Ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwayo kwimveliso yombane, i-photovoltaics yelanga inezicelo ezininzi ezininzi. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- Isibane: Ilungele ukubonelela ukukhanya kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke, ezifana neendlela, iindawo zokuphumla kunye neendawo zasemaphandleni.
- Umqondiso: Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwicandelo leendlela nezaselwandle ukuphawula iindawo ezicwangcisiweyo.
- Zonxibelelwano: Ufakelo oluninzi lokuphinda unxibelelwano lonxibelelwano lunika amandla iinkqubo zabo zisebenzisa amandla elanga e-photovoltaic.
- Ukulima: Kwiifama kunye nokusebenza kwemfuyo, isetyenziselwa iinkqubo zokupompa amanzi, ukunikezelwa kombane kwiinkqubo zokusenga, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukwandisa olu luhlu, amandla elanga e-photovoltaic nawo abaluleke kakhulu ekufakeni umbane emaphandleni kwiindawo ezikwanti, okuvumela uluntu olukude kwiigridi zombane ukuba lube nokufikelela kumbane ngendlela ecocekileyo nezinzileyo.
Amandla elanga e-Photovoltaic yenye yezona ndlela zingcono zokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwimithombo engcolisayo kunye nengenakuhlaziywa. Ukufakwa kwayo ngokulula kunye nobomi obude obuluncedo kuye kwavumela amacandelo amaninzi nangaphezulu, ukusuka kwimizi-mveliso ukuya emaphandleni, ukuba amkele olu hlobo lwamandla njengesisombululo esisebenzayo, esizinzileyo kunye nezoqoqosho.