Esona silwanyana sikhulu emhlabeni, esihlala enzulwini yolwandle, sinokufikelela kubunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezili-150. Eli qumrhu linewonga sesona silwanyana sikhulu sikhoyo. Ngaba ubusazi ukuba esona silwanyana sanyisayo sikhulu emhlabeni ngumnenga? Ngokukodwa, ngumnenga oluhlaza waseAntarctic, owaziwa ngokwesayensi njengeBalaenoptera musculus intermedia. Esi silwanyana sihle sinokuba nobunzima obungaphezu kweetoni ezili-150 kwaye sifikelele kubude obuziimitha ezingama-30. Ihlelwe njenge-mysticete cetacean, lilungu lentsapho yaseBalaenopteridae.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela sesona silwanyana sanyisayo sikhulu ehlabathini, iimpawu zayo kunye nezinto ezinomdla.
Sesiphi esona silwanyana sanyisayo sikhulu ehlabathini?
Igama leli qumrhu libalelwa kumbala oluhlaza ngokupheleleyo xa lijongwa phantsi kwamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, ibonisa umbala ongwevu ngakumbi phezu kwamanzi. Ukongeza, inkalo enomdla yeempawu zayo zomzimba yintsimbi etyheli esiswini sayo, ephuma kubuninzi bezinto ezincinci ezihlala eluswini lwayo.
Zeziphi iimpawu zomnenga oluhlaza?
Umnenga oluhlaza unomzimba obhityileyo, omde, oncediswa yintloko enkulu, ethe tyaba emile okwe-U kwaye emalunga nekota yobude bayo bubonke. Olu didi lomnenga lunentliziyo enkulu, elingana nobukhulu bemoto encinci, kwaye lubonisa i-crest esuka kwimingxuma yokuvuthela ukuya kwindawo engaphambili yentloko yayo. Inxalenye yangaphambili yomlomo wayo yomelele kwaye iqulethe phakathi kwama-300 nama-400 ebhali kwicala ngalinye.
Intshebe nganye inokulinganisa ukuya kwimitha ubude kwaye malunga neesentimitha ezingama-50 ububanzi. Ukongezelela, zinemijelo ephakathi kwama-55 nama-88 emqaleni, ebizwa ngokuba yi-ventral folds. Ukungabi namazinyo, umsebenzi we-baleen njengenkqubo yokuhluza, ebavumela ukuba bondle ngokuthe ngcembe ngokufunxa zonke izinto ezikhoyo. Baginya ukutya baze bakhuphe amanzi kwiinwebu ezahlukeneyo zesikhumba ezenza ulwimi lwazo olukhulu.
Ubunzima bolwimi lomnenga iblue whale bunokuthelekiswa nobendlovu. Ukutya okuphambili komnenga oluhlaza kubandakanya ikrill, iplanktonic crustacean eninzi kakhulu. Umnenga oluhlaza uyakwazi ukutya iitoni ezininzi zekrill yonke imihla. Ukongeza, isitya iskwidi, kodwa oku kwenzeka kuphela xa iskwidi sifumaneka ngobungakanani obubalulekileyo.
Umnenga oluhlaza wahlulahlulwe ngokuba sesona silwanyana singxola kakhulu emhlabeni, nesandi sawo sifikelela kwi-188 decibels. Lo mpempe unesantya esisezantsi, osetyenziswa ukutsala umdla weminye iminenga eluhlaza, unokubonwa kumakhulu eekhilomitha kude.
Indawo yokuhlala kunye nekamva lomnenga oluhlaza
Ezi zidalwa zaselwandle zihlala elwandle kwihlabathi liphela, ukusuka kwimimandla eshushu ukuya kumanzi apholileyo, nangona zithanda ukuhlala kude neendawo ezingqongileyo. Zinokufumaneka kuzo zonke iilwandle ezinkulu, kubandakanya i-Atlantic, iPasifiki kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya.
Iminenga eBlue ifuduka ngamaxesha athile onyaka ikhangela iindawo zokutya. Ngexesha leenyanga ezifudumeleyo, zidla ngokutya kumanzi amhlophe okanye asezantsi, ngelixa ebusika zifudukela kwimimandla eshushu ukuze zizale.
Imbono yomnenga iblue whale inethemba, njengoko ukuzingela okuxhaphakileyo kolu didi kuye kwavalwa, nto leyo enciphisa umngcipheko wokuphela. Kwingingqi ye-Antarctic, Kuqikelelwa ukuba kukho ukwanda kwe-7,3% kwi-blue whale yabantu. Nangona kunjalo, ukusinda kwayo kuhlala kusengozini ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo, ezibandakanya ukufudumala kwehlabathi, izenzo zokuloba ngokubanzi kunye nobukho beenqanawa ezinkulu.
Njengoko siqhubela phambili ekudweliseni izidalwa ezinkulu ezihlala kwiplanethi yethu, sifumana i-whale, eyaziwa ngokwesayensi njengeBalaenoptera physalus, eyaziwa njengesibini esikhulu sesilwanyana emhlabeni. Olu hlobo lwaselwandle lunokufikelela kubude obufikelela kuma-27 eemitha.
Olu luhlu luquka i<em>squid esikhulu ( iArchiteuthis ), i<em>whale shark ( i<em>Rhincodon typus ) nokrebe omkhulu omhlophe. Ukongeza, ngaphaya kommandla wobomi baselwandle, unokufumana indlovu, indlulamthi, i-anaconda, ingwenya kunye nebhere elimhlophe.
Ezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezinkulu
Ibhere emhlophe (Ursus maritimus)
Ibonwa njengelona rhamncwa likhulu lasemhlabeni, ibhere emhlophe ibonisa udidi olulodwa njengeentlobo zaselwandle zaselwandle ngenxa yexesha elininzi elilichitha kumanzi amhlophe kunye nomkhenkce. Ngokwesiqhelo amadoda anobunzima obuphakathi kwama-350 kunye nama-680 kg, kwaye kuye kwaxelwa ukuba abanye abantu bafikelela kubunzima obuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 kg, kwaye banokukhula baye kubude obuziimitha ezi-2,6.
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, amabhinqa mancinci kancinane, amalunga neemitha ezi-2 ubude kwaye anobunzima obumalunga nesiqingatha soogxa bawo abangamadoda, nangona benobunzima obufanayo phambi kokuba bazale. Ibhere elimhlophe lihlelwa njengezilwanyana ezisengozini yiManyano yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoLondolozo lweNdalo (IUCN), eyichaza "njengesichengeni."
Ukwaba umahluko kweyona bhere inkulu yibhere ye-Kodiak (Ursus arctos middendorffi), ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-Alaskan giant bear, eyona ntlobo inkulu yebhere emdaka, enobunzima obuphakathi kwe-350 kunye ne-675 kg. Xa ubhinqiwe, Esi silwanyana sinokufikelela kubude obufikelela kwi-2,85 yeemitha, kwaye xa sisobane, siyabuna (apho umqolo unqumla umgca wentelekelelo odibanisa amagxa) yi-1,3 yeemitha ukusuka emhlabeni. Nangona ubukhulu bayo bukhulu, kucetyiswa ukuba ilumke njengoko ikwazi ukubaleka ngesantya esingama-56 km/h.
Indlovu yase-Afrika (Loxodonta Africana)
Inomahluko wokuba sesona silwanyana sikhulu sasemhlabeni. Inobude obuphakathi kwe-6 ne-7 yeemitha ubude naphakathi kwe-3 ne-3,5 yeemitha ukuphakama emagxeni, kwaye idla ngokuba nobunzima obumalunga neetoni ezi-5,5 (5.500 kg). Umzekelo ophawulekayo oboniswe eWashington ulinganisa i-4,2 yeemitha ukuphakama kwaye unobunzima be-12.274 kg. Ezi zidalwa zibalaseleyo ziyakwazi ukufikelela kwisantya esifikelela kuma-40 km/h ngamaxesha athile.
Ukongeza, kukho enye intlobo eyaziwa ngokuba yindlovu yehlathi laseAfrika (iLoxodonta cyclotis), ebikade ithathwa njengenxalenye yendlovu yaseAfrika. Olu hlobo luncinci, lunobude obuziimitha ezi-2,5. Indlovu yaseAsia (Elephas maximus), Uhlobo lwesithathu olukhoyo lulinganisa phakathi kwe-5,5 kunye ne-6,4 yeemitha ubude, ukufikelela kubude be-2 ukuya kwi-3,5 yeemitha. Zombini ezi ntlobo zeendlovu zase-Afrika zihlelwa njengezisemngciphekweni, ngelixa indlovu yase-Asia ijongene nengozi yokuphela.
Indlulamthi (Giraffa camelopardalis)
Okwangoku, le ntlobo ibambe isihloko sesona silwanyana siphakamileyo emhlabeni, kunye nentloko yayo ekwazi ukufikelela kubude be-5,8 yeemitha ngaphezu komhlaba. Imvelaphi yaseAfrika, Iindlulamthi zidla ngokuba nobunzima obuphakathi kwama-750 kunye ne-1.600 yeekhilogram. Zinee-tendon ezingaphezu kweemitha ezi-2 ubude. Ukutyunjwa kwesayensi kwesi sidalwa ngokumalunga nokuguqulela "ingwe ende yeekamela," ebonisa umxube we-nomenclature evela kwimpembelelo yamaRoma ne-Arabhu. Ngelixa ezi ntlobo zezilwanyana zingacalulwa njengengozi ngenxa yabemi abakhuselwe koovimba, uluhlu lwayo lwehle kakhulu kwaye iindidi ezimbini zijongene nomngcipheko wokuphela.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yeyiphi isilwanyana esanyisayo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kunye neempawu zayo.