Ukutshintsha kwemozulu ngomnye wemingeni emikhulu yehlabathi kwixesha lethu. Ukuthintela ubushushu behlabathi ukuba bunyuke ngaphezu kwe-2 degrees ngaphezu kwamanqanaba aphambi kwamashishini, njengoko kuchaziwe kwiSivumelwano saseParis, kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ze-greenhouse ezifana ne-CO2. Nangona kunjalo, inguqu kwimithombo yamandla ecocekileyo ngokupheleleyo iyacotha, kwaye ukutshiswa kwamafutha efosili kuhlala kungumthombo omkhulu wamandla. Kulo mxholo, i CO2 ukubanjwa ivela njengesisombululo esisebenzayo sokunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo ngelixa sisiya kwimodeli yamandla ezinzileyo.
Ukuzinzisa ukuxinana kwe-CO2 kwi-atmosfera kunye nokuphepha iimpembelelo ezinzulu zemozulu, akuyimfuneko kuphela ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa, kodwa kwakhona bamba kwaye ugcine i-CO2 ekhutshwe. Eli nqaku lihlola indlela i-CO2 ebanjwe ngayo, kunye nokuthuthwa kwayo kunye nokugcinwa kwayo, intsimi apho usosayensi u-Edward Rubin uye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo.
I-CO2 yokubamba kunye no-Edward Rubin
U-Edward Rubin ungomnye wabantu ababalaseleyo kwintsimi ye CO2 ukubanjwa. Ukusuka kwiYunivesithi yaseCarnegie Mellon e-United States, uye wanikela umsebenzi wakhe wokuphanda kunye nokuphuhlisa iteknoloji yokubamba, ukuthutha kunye nokugcinwa kwe-CO2 ekhutshwe zizityalo zamandla ezitshisa i-fuel fuels. Akayena nje umbhali wezifundo ezininzi kweli candelo, kodwa uye wakhokela iingxelo ze-IPCC kwezi teknoloji.
U-Rubin ugxininisa ukuba uninzi lweemodeli zemozulu eziphonononga iimeko zexesha elizayo azicingi ngokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ngaphandle kokubandakanya ukubamba kunye nokugcinwa kwe-geological yale gesi. Ngaphandle kweenzame zokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, inguqu ekhawulezileyo ukuya kwikamva elikhutshwayo elingunothi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kobu buchwepheshe buxhasayo.
Isisombululo sokukhutshwa kwegesi
Ukumisa onke amafutha efosili ngoko nangoko asiyondlela yokwenene. Njengoko imfuno yamandla yehlabathi iqhubeka nokunyuka, kukho imfuneko yokujonga izisombululo hybrid ezibandakanya kokubini ukungena okukhulu kwamandla ahlaziyekayo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokubamba i-carbon dioxide. Amandla elanga kunye nomoya anamandla amakhulu, kodwa ukufakela kunye nokwandiswa kwawo akuqhubeki ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo ukuhlangabezana nokujoliswe kuko kokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-80% ngo-2050. Ngokutsho kukaRubin, ihlabathi lisaxhomekeke kakhulu kumafutha e-fossil, kwaye oku kunokwenzeka ukuba kuhlale ityala kwikamva elibonakalayo.
“Siphila kwihlabathi elikhotyokiswe kumafutha efosili, apho kunzima kakhulu ukushenxisa uluntu kubo ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwemozulu.”
Ulwazi malunga nomjikelezo wekhabhoni luqhubekile ngokwaneleyo ukuphumeza iteknoloji evumela ukuba i-CO2 ibanjwe, igcinwe kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona kwinqanaba elikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphunyezwa ngokubanzi kwezi zisombululo kufuna ukulawulwa okusebenzayo kunye nesakhelo esifanelekileyo sotyalo-mali.
"Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo, utyalo-mali olulindelekileyo lwenziwa, kodwa njengoko ithemba lezenzo zezopolitiko liye laphela, isantya sotyalo-mali sehlile."
Kwi-European Union, enye yeeprojekthi ezinqwenelekayo zokubanjwa kwe-CO2 yaxhaswa ngemali eSpain. IKhomishini yaseYurophu yabela i-euro ye-180 yezigidi kwiprojekthi yokubamba kunye nokugcinwa kwisityalo sase-Endesa e-Compostilla (Cubillos de Sil, León), eyaphazamiseka kwi-2013 ngenxa yokuhla kwamaxabiso amalungelo okukhutshwa.
Imfuneko yomthetho ofanelekileyo
Impembelelo umthetho ofanelekileyo onayo kuphuhliso kunye nokwamkelwa kobuchwepheshe bokubamba i-CO2 ayinakujongelwa phantsi. Ulawulo olulawulayo oluzohlwaya ukukhutshwa okungabanjwanga lunokwandisa kakhulu ukwamkelwa kobu buchwepheshe kwihlabathi jikelele. Umzekelo ocacileyo uyenzeka kwimimiselo yezithuthi, apho i-catalysts yanciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi enetyhefu. Ngokufanayo, umthetho ofuna ukuthatyathwa kwe-CO2 uya kuba nesigqibo.
URubin uqinisekisa ukuba akukho zithintelo zenzululwazi okanye zobuchwepheshe ezithintela ukubanjwa okukhulu kwe-CO2. Obona bunzima bubo bezoqoqosho nezopolitiko, kwaye bukhomba ukunqongophala kothintelo malunga nokukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo ezingabanjwanga. Ukubanjwa kwe-CO2 kudla amandla, kodwa ukuba izohlwayo okanye izithintelo ezingqongqo bezibekwe kwizinto ezikhutshwayo ezingabanjwanga, ukubanjwa kuya kukhuthazwa.
Obunye ubuchwepheshe bokubanjwa kweCO2
Ukongeza kugcino oluthe ngqo oluphantsi komhlaba, kuphuhliswa ubugcisa obutsha obutsha bokusebenzisa iCO2 ebanjiweyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- imveliso yamafutha: Ukuveliswa kwamafutha okwenziwa kwi-CO2 kuyaphandwa. Ezi zinokuthatha indawo yamafutha efosili kumacandelo afana neenqwelomoya.
- Izinto zokwakha: I-CO2 ingaphinda isetyenziswe ekwenzeni izinto ezifana nesamente, apho inxalenye yegesi inokubanjwa ngokusisigxina.
- Ezolimo kunye nokutya: Ukusetyenziswa kwimveliso yokutya kuyaphononongwa, ngakumbi kwizityalo zegreenhouse.
Iiprojekthi ezininzi nangakumbi kwihlabathi jikelele ziqhubela phambili uphando kunye nophuhliso lobu buchwepheshe. Umzekelo ofanelekileyo yiprojekthi I-Carbfix e-Iceland, eyenza i-mineralization ekhawulezileyo ye-CO2, iguqulelwe kwilitye eliqinileyo, eliqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwayo ngokusisigxina.
Olunye uphuhliso oluthembisayo kukusetyenziswa kwe i-biogas kunye ne-biomethane, evumela ukuba kubanjwe i-methane (CH4), enye i-greenhouse gas enamandla. Ngezi nkqubo, i-methane iguqulwa ibe amandla avuselelekayo, ngaphezu kokubamba i-CO2 ehambelanayo.
Ukuphunyezwa okukhulu kobu buchwepheshe kunokubonelela ngezisombululo ezongezelelweyo, kungekhona nje ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa, kodwa ukunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu ngokuhluthwa kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweegesi ze-greenhouse.
Ukwahlukana okukhulu kobuchwepheshe obuvelayo kubonisa ukuba i-CO2 yokubamba ayisosisombululo esinye, kodwa kunokuba yinxalenye yeseti yezenzo ezinokuthi zisincede ukulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukubamba i-CO2 Liqhekeza eliphambili ukuxhasa amandla avuselelekayo kumzamo wokunqanda ukufudumala kwehlabathi.
Ingxaki enkulu, ngelixa indawo yehlabathi isazi ngotshintsho lwemozulu, i-United States, kunye noDonald Trump ngaphambili, ishiya izivumelwano zamazwe aphesheya kulawulo lokukhutshwa komhlaba, amazwe angaphuhlanga kwaye asaphuhlayo awanazo iitekhnoloji eziyimfuneko ukulawula ukukhutshwa okukuko , amazwe ahambele phambili athenga ubungakanani bokukhutshwa kwamazwe ahluphekayo, kuba ngaphezulu kwako konke babekelwe ukuba baphile, ke kufuneka benze ntoni? sizakuyaphi kolu gqatso lobudenge?