Imo iyatshintsha Lolona celomngeni lukhulu olujamelene nalo uluntu lwanamhlanje. Isidingo sokunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye nokuya kwiimodeli zezoqoqosho ezizinzileyo kuye kwaqhuba ukukhangela izisombululo ezintsha kuwo onke amacandelo. I decarbonization kunye nokusasazwa kwe amandla ahlaziyekayo Ziye zaba yingqwalasela yeengxoxo zikawonke-wonke, ezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko, zivula indlela yoqoqosho olungenayo i-carbon.
Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga ngokubanzi kwi izitshixo zokuphumeza uqoqosho olukhutshwa yikhabhoni: kuthetha ukuthini ukuguqula amandla ethu kunye nemodeli yokuvelisa, zeziphi iinjongo ezifutshane, eziphakathi, kunye nexesha elide eziye zamiselwa, yiyiphi imilinganiselo yaseSpain kunye ne-European Union eyamkelweyo, kunye nendlela iteknoloji, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nokuzibophezela ngokubambisana kunokwenza olu tshintsho lunokwenzeka. Siza kuphonononga yomibini imiceli mngeni kunye namathuba olunikezelwa yinguqu yendalo kumashishini, abemi, kunye nemimandla.
Yintoni i-decarbonization?
La decarbonization Yinkqubo efuna ukunciphisa kakhulu ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni—ikakhulu ikharbon diokside (CO2)—kwiatmosfera. Oku kukhutshwayo kubangelwa ikakhulu kukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili (amalahle, ioli, negesi yendalo), eziye zaxhasa uqoqosho lwale mihla de kube ngoku. I-Decarbonization ithetha a utshintsho olunzulu kumandla kunye nesakhiwo esivelisayo: ngokuqhubekayo endaweni yemithombo yongcoliseko ngeendawo ezihlaziyekayo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuguqula ukushukumiseka, ishishini, ezolimo kunye nezixeko.
Injongo ephambili ye-decarbonization yi ukuya kuqoqosho kunye noluntu olunokukhutshwa okuphantsi okanye okune-zero, ngaloo ndlela ukulwa nokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzinza kwendalo. Akunjalo nje ngokunciphisa ukukhutshwa "ngokuthe ngqo", kodwa malunga nokujongana nosetyenziso, imveliso, kunye nemikhwa yokulawula izixhobo kuwo onke amacandelo.
Ngokwenkcazelo yePhaneli yoRhulumente kuTshintsho lweMozulu (IPCC), decarbonize Kuthetha ukuba amazwe, imimandla, iinkampani okanye abantu baguqula iinkqubo zabo kunye nokusetyenziswa ukuze impembelelo yekhabhoni kuqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo ibe yincinci okanye i-zero. Ingaphezulu kunesilogeni: yinguqu ebanzi nenqamlezileyo.
Ukuqhubela phambili kuqoqosho olucocekileyo noluzinzileyo Ifuna ukubandakanyeka koorhulumente, icandelo labucala kunye nabemi, kunye nombono wexesha elide odityaniswe namanyathelo akhawulezileyo. Njengelungu le-EU, iSpain yenze izibophelelo ezinqwenelekayo kule ndawo, ilandela imephu yendlela echazwe kwiSivumelwano saseParis kunye ne-UN 2030 Agenda.
Uqoqosho lwekhabhoni ephantsi: iimpawu kunye neenzuzo
- Ukuguqulwa kwe-matrix yamandla: Ukutshintshwa okuqhubekayo kwamafutha efosili kusetyenziswe amandla ahlaziyekayo (ilanga, umoya, ulwelo lwamanzi, i-geothermal, i-biomass, njl. njl.).
- Ukusebenza kwamandla: Ukwamkelwa kobuchwepheshe kunye neenkqubo ezisivumela ukuba senze okungakumbi ngamandla amancinane, kushishino nakwizothutho nolwakhiwo.
- Ukuhamba okuzinzileyo: ukukhuthaza uthutho lombane, ukuhamba okwabelwanayo, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezicocekileyo ezinciphisa ungcoliseko lwasezidolophini kunye nokuxhomekeka kwamandla.
- ISETYHULA UQOQOSHO: utshintsho kwiipatheni zosetyenziso ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwakhona, ukurisayikilisha, kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma, ngokuchaseneyo nomgca "wokusetyenziswa nokulahla" imodeli.
- Ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye nedijithali: ukudityaniswa kwezisombululo zobuchwephesha obukrelekrele bolawulo lwamandla, ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwezibonelelo, kunye nokubeka iliso kwimpembelelo yokusingqongileyo.
Iinzuzo zoqoqosho olukhutshwa yikhabhoni zidlulela ngaphaya kommandla wokusingqongileyo. Ukhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho oluzinzileyo, ivelisa imisebenzi esemgangathweni, ikhuthaza ukuvela kwezinto ezintsha, kwaye iphucula ukhuseleko lwamandla nokuzimela kwamazwe. Kwakhona kwandisa ukukhuphisana ngokunciphisa imingcipheko evela kukuguquka kwamaxabiso eoli negesi.
Utshintsho oluya kuqoqosho olungenakhabhoni inikeza, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, Umngeni omkhulu ngokwezoqoqosho, iteknoloji, intlalo kunye nolawulo. Phakathi kweyona mingeni iphawulekayo yile:
- Qinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla oluzinzileyo nolukhuphisanayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukutshintshwa kwamafutha e-fossil akuphazamisi ukubonelela okanye ukonyusa amaxabiso, ngakumbi kumacandelo emveliso ye-electro-intensive.
- Ukuqinisekisa utshintsho olufanelekileyo, ukuthintela eyona mimandla iphandle okanye amaqela ukuba abandezeleke kukuvalwa kwemizi-mveliso ngaphandle kokunye okusebenzayo. Kubalulekile ukukhusela ingqesho kunye nokuthintela ukuncipha kwabemi.
- Ukuphuhlisa iziseko zophuhliso ezaneleyo ukudibanisa ukuhlaziya, ukugcinwa kunye neegridi ezihlakaniphile ukufunxa ukuguquguquka kwemithombo ecocekileyo.
- Hlanganisa izibonelelo zemali kunye notyalo-mali lwabucala ukwenza uqoqosho lwala maxesha, ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kuphela kwicandelo likarhulumente.
Nangona kunjalo, i decarbonization vula ucango ku amathuba amahle:
- Ukudala imisebenzi eluhlaza: Amacandelo afana nokuhlaziywa, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukushukumiseka okuzinzileyo, kunye noqoqosho lwesetyhula aya kuba ngumthombo wemisebenzi emitsha kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha.
- Ukwenziwa ngokutsha okuzinzileyo: Inguqu kwindalo inokuba ngunobangela woshishino olutsha, olukhuphisanayo noluzinzileyo lwaseSpain.
- Ukuphucula impilo kunye nomgangatho wobomi: Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kunye nongcoliseko lomoya kuneziphumo ezithe ngqo kwimpilo yoluntu, ngakumbi kwizixeko.
- Ukukhuthaza uphando kunye nophuhliso: I-R&D&I iya kuba ngundoqo ekuphuhliseni ubugcisa obusenza sikwazi ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zemozulu ngokufanelekileyo nangokhuphiswano.
Impumelelo ye-decarbonization ixhomekeke kwi isenzo esilungelelanisiweyo ngoorhulumente, amashishini kunye noluntu, ukudibanisa umthetho, inkuthazo, uqeqesho nokwazisa.
ISpain kunye neManyano yaseYurophu: iinjongo kunye nezibophelelo zokungathathi hlangothi kwemozulu
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, zombini iManyano yaseYurophu kunye neSpain bomelezile iithagethi zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezinto ezikhutshwayo, eqhutywa kukungxamiseka kwemozulu kunye nezibophelelo zamazwe ngamazwe. Yena Isivumelwano saseParis iye yaseka isakhelo sehlabathi esinamabhongo ahlaziywayo ngamaxesha athile.
IKomishoni yaseYurophu imisele injongo ye-2030 Ithagethi yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ngama-55% xa kuthelekiswa no-1990, kwaye siphumelele ukungathathi hlangothi kwemozulu ngo-2050. ISpain izamkele ezi zibophelelo, ide igqithe kwiimfuno zaseYurophu ngandlela thile.
El Isakhelo soBuchule saMandla kunye neMozulu ISpanish, evunyiweyo ukususela ngo-2019, iqulethe ii-axes ezintathu eziphambili: ukunciphisa (ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa), ukulungelelanisa (ukusabela kwimiphumo esele ingenakuphepheka) kunye Utshintsho nje (khusela awona macandelo kunye nemimandla esemngciphekweni). Esi sikhokelo sibonelela ngolawulo kunye nokuqiniseka kumashishini, abatyali-mali, kunye nabemi, ukulungelelanisa onke amanyathelo aqhubekayo.
Enye yeziganeko zayo eziphawulekayo yi IQhinga lexesha elide le-Decarbonization lika-2050, ebeka usukelo ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi yegreenhouse ngama-90% xa kuthelekiswa no-1990 ngaloo nyaka. I-10% eseleyo kufuneka ifunxwe zizinki zendalo ezifana namahlathi okanye ukubuyiselwa komhlaba omanzi. I yendlela Iza kuqukunjelwa kwaye ihlaziywe rhoqo kwishumi leminyaka, ilungelelanise ukuvela kobuchwepheshe kunye nomxholo wamazwe ngamazwe.
Kwinqanaba lexesha elincinci, i ISicwangciso esiHlangeneyo seSizwe saMandla kunye neMozulu (PNIEC) 2021-2030 ibeka iinjongo eziphakathi: ukunciphisa i-23% ekukhutshweni kwe-CO2 xa kuthelekiswa ne-1990, ukuphuculwa okuqikelelwayo ekusebenzeni kwamandla kwe-39,5%, ukufezekisa i-42% ehlaziyiweyo ekusetyenzisweni kokugqibela kunye ne-74% kumxube wombane.
Indima ephambili yamandla avuselelekayo
La Ukungena kwamandla avuselelekayo sisiseko se-decarbonization. ISpain, ngenxa yemozulu kunye nobume bendawo, inamandla amakhulu okuxhaphaza imithombo yamandla ecocekileyo efana ne-solar photovoltaic, i-solar thermal, onshore and offshore wind, hydroelectric, and biomass.
Isicwangciso sesizwe sibona kwangaphambili ukuba ngo-2050 I-97% yokusetyenziswa kwamandla okugqibela ivela kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo. Kwicandelo lombane, ukususwa kwekhabhoni kuya kugqitywa, kuvumeleke ukupheliswa koziko lombane wamalahle nawenyukliya. Ngaphaya koko, kwezothutho nakwimeko yomoya yasekhaya, izabelo zamandla ahlaziyekayo ze-79% kunye ne-97% zilindeleke, ngokulandelanayo.
Ukuphuhliswa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kuhamba kunye nezinye ii-vectors eziphambili, ezifana imveliso yamandla amaza kunye amandla e-geothermal yaselwandle.
Lonke olu phuhliso lucwangciswe ngaphakathi kwingcamango ye ukuzimela ngobuchule, efuna ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka ekuthengeni amandla ngaphandle. Kuqikelelwa ukuba iSpain iya kuphuma ekungeniseni i-73% yamandla ayo ngo-2018 ukuya kwi-13% kuphela ngo-2050, okukhokelela kugcino oluqokelelweyo olungaphezulu kwe-340.000 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kumafutha efosili.
Izicwangciso kunye namanyathelo aphathekayo okunciphisa uqoqosho lwaseSpain
I-Decarbonization ifuna a ibhetri yemigaqo-nkqubo yamacandelo amaninzi, izicwangciso kunye namaqhinga. INkqubo-sikhokelo yeSicwangciso saMandla kunye neMozulu yakhiwe malunga nezi zixhobo zilandelayo:
- Utshintsho lweMozulu kunye noMthetho woTshintsho lwaMandla: ibonelela ngesiseko esisemthethweni sayo yonke imilinganiselo yentshukumo yemozulu, iququzelela ukuziqhelanisa noqoqosho kunye nokuqinisekisa iinjongo ezinqwenelekayo zexesha eliphakathi nelide.
- ISicwangciso esiHlangeneyo seSizwe saMandla kunye neMozulu (PNIEC): ibeka iithagethi zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa, ukungena ngokutsha, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla ngo-2030, isebenza njengesikhokelo sotyalo-mali lukarhulumente kunye nolwabucala.
- Isicwangciso seSizwe sokuZiqhelanisa noTshintsho lweMozulu: ikhuthaza ulungelelwaniso lwemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu ukunciphisa ukuba sesichengeni kwemimandla kunye namacandelo kwiimpembelelo zemozulu esele zingenakuphepheka.
- Isicwangciso soTshintsho nje: iqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi kunye nemimandla echatshazelwa kukuvalwa kwemizi-mveliso yefosili iyaxhaswa ngoqeqesho, utyalo-mali, kunye neendlela ezizezinye zengqesho ukuthintela ifuthe elibi kubumbano loluntu.
- Isicwangciso sokuGcinwa kwamandla: ichonga iimfuno kunye nemilinganiselo yokubeka iteknoloji yokugcina eqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo yombane.
- Iindlela zecandeloUkuzisebenzisa ngokwakho, i-hydrogen enokuhlaziywa, i-biogas, umoya ongaselunxwemeni, ulawulo lwemathiriyeli yeminerali, njl.
- Isicwangciso segridi yamandla: iziseko ezitsha zombane ukuqinisekisa ukudityaniswa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nokhuseleko lokubonelela.
- Isicwangciso sesizwe sokulwa nobuhlwempu bamandla: ibandakanya imilinganiselo yokukhusela amaqela abuthathaka kakhulu, ukuqinisekisa ilungelo elisebenzayo kumandla.
- UkuBuyisela kwakhona, iSicwangciso soTshintsho kunye noBuyiselo (PRTR): ilawula utyalo-mali olukhulu, ngakumbi ngengxowa-mali ye-European Next Generation EU, ebhekiselele kwinguqu yendalo, idijithali kunye nobumbano loluntu.
Amanyathelo amacandelo okuqhubela phambili ekungathathi hlangothi kwemozulu
I-Decarbonization ifuna intshukumo kuwo onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho. Makhe sijonge iindawo eziphambili:
Ukuguqulwa kwenkqubo yombane
El icandelo lombane yeyona vector iphambili yotshintsho. Ukuvalwa okucetyiweyo kwemizi-mveliso yamandla amalahle nawenyukliya, ukudityaniswa okukhulu kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, kunye nokuthunyelwa kweziseko zoncedo zokugcina kunye neegridi ezikrelekrele kuya kunceda ukuveliswa kombane ohlaziyekayo nge-2050% ngowama-100. Kwelinye icala, ukonyuka kokufakwa kombane kwezothutho, kwisimo somoya, kunye neenkqubo zemizi-mveliso kuya kwenza kube lula ukuncitshiswa okubanzi kokukhutshwa kombane.
Ishishini kunye noqoqosho lwesetyhula
La imboni Imele umceli mngeni othile xa inikwe amandla ayo anamandla kunye neenkqubo zemveliso entsonkothileyo. I-Decarbonization apha ibandakanya:
- Ukwamkela Itekhnoloji ecocekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwamafutha efosili kufakwe ahlaziyekayo.
- Impulse ye Uqoqosho olujikelezayo, ukukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nokuhlaziywa kwezinto zokunciphisa inkunkuma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo enyulu.
- Uphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcina itekhnoloji (CCUS) kwiinkqubo apho i-decarbonization inzima kakhulu.
- Ukukhuthazwa kwezinye imathiriyeli ekrwada kunye nenkqubo yedijithali.
- Inkxaso rhoqo kwi R + D + i ukubeka ishishini laseSpain kwindawo yexabiso lehlabathi elinxulumene notshintsho lwamandla.
Ukuhamba kunye nokuhamba
El zokuthutha, uxanduva lwenxalenye enkulu yokukhutshwa, kufuneka iguqulwe:
- Ukufakelwa kombane okuqhubelekayo yezithuthi zabucala nezikawonke-wonke.
- Ukomelezwa kwe izithuthi ezikhutshwayo eziphantsi okanye zero (iimoto zombane, i-plug-in hybrids, i-hydrogen, njl.).
- Ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zikawonke-wonke ezisebenzayo, ukushukuma okwabelwanayo kunye nokusebenzayo (ibhayisekile, ukuhamba) kwizixeko ezininzi ezinokuhlala.
- Ukwenziwa ngokutsha kwezinye izibaso (i-biofuels ezinzileyo, i-hydrogen eluhlaza) kuthutho olunzima kunye nomthwalo.
- Ukudityaniswa kocwangciso lwedolophu ukunciphisa imfuno yohambo olungcolisayo.
Ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla
Isitokhwe sezindlu sinoxanduva lwenxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Ukususwa kwekhabhoni kweli candelo kufuna:
- Ukubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili esikhulu nesisebenzayo zezakhiwo esele zikhona (i-insulation engcono, ufakelo olusebenzayo, iinkqubo ezikrelekrele).
- Isakhiwo esitsha nge phantse i-zero ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.
- Ukusasazwa kwe ukuhlaziya umoya kunye nokufudumeza (impompo yobushushu esebenzayo, iisistim ze-thermal zelanga, ukufudumeza okuvuselelekayo kunye nothungelwano lokupholisa).
- Ukunyusa "amaza okuhlaziya" aseYurophu ukuba aphindwe kabini amaxabiso okuhlaziya kunye nokuvelisa imisebenzi eluhlaza kwicandelo lokwakha.
Ezolimo, imfuyo kunye nolawulo lwenkunkuma
Icandelo lezolimo nolawulo lwenkunkuma luzisa imingeni namathuba:
- ukuphuculwa kwe ulawulo lwesityalo, isichumiso kunye nomgquba ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwemethane kunye ne-nitrous oxides.
- Ukukhuthazwa kwe i-biogas kunye ne-biomethane kwinkunkuma yezinto eziphilayo.
- Ukufakwa kwedijithali kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe iteknoloji smart kunkcenkceshelo, ukuchumisa nokulawula iifama.
- Ukuqhubela phambili ukuya Ukutya kweMeditera kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya.
- Ukubuyiswa kunye nokubuyiselwa komhlaba kunye nemigxobhozo njengezinki zekhabhoni.
Ukongeza, i Uqoqosho olujikelezayo kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma ngundoqo ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo kwimithombo kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa okuhambelana nokulahla inkunkuma.
Izixhobo zemali notyalo-mali kwinguqu yendalo
Inkqubo yokususwa kwekhabhoni ibandakanya ukuhlanganisa izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo zezoqoqosho nezemali, ezikarhulumente nezabucala. Imithombo ephambili ibandakanya:
- Imali yaseYurophu Isizukulwana se-EU esilandelayo iqhutywe ngesiCwangciso sokuBuyisela kwakhona, iNguqu kunye noBuyiselo.
- Iimali-mboleko eziluhlaza kunye neebhondi, iingxowa-mali zotyalo-mali ezinoxanduva loluntu kunye neemveliso zebhanki ezitsha zokuxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi zotshintsho lwamandla.
- Inkuthazo yerhafu kutyalo-mali lwabucala kubuchwephesha obucocekileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nezinto ezivuselelekayo.
- Ndiyaxhasa R + D + i kumaziko ophando, iiyunivesithi kunye neenkampani ukukhawulezisa ukufika kwezisombululo eziphazamisayo.
- Isicwangciso sexesha eliphakathi kunye nexesha elide ukubonelela ngengqiniseko kunye nemiqondiso ecacileyo kubatyali-mali.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba utyalo-mali oluyimfuneko phakathi kuka-2031 no-2050 luya kuba malunga ne-500.000 yeebhiliyoni zee-euro, apho malunga ne-300.000 yeebhiliyoni ziya kwabelwa ngokuthe ngqo ekuphunyezweni kweSicwangciso se-Decarbonization. Ukongeza koku yi-250.000 yeebhiliyoni zee-euro ze-PNIEC kwiminyaka elishumi ye-2021-2030.
Ukuqinisekisa inguqu enobulungisa kunye nobumbano loluntu
Enye yezinto eziphambili ezixhalabisayo kukuqinisekisa ukuba utshintsho kumandla kunye nemodeli yemveliso ayishiyi ngasemva abasebenzi, amacandelo, okanye imimandla exhomekeke kakhulu kumafutha efosili. Ngoko ke, ingcamango ye Utshintsho nje Ingundoqo kwisicwangciso saseSpain kunye neYurophu.
Oku kuthetha:
- Ukuqikelela kwaye ucwangcise ukuvalwa kwezibonelelo zokungcolisa kunye neendlela ezisebenzayo zemizi-mveliso kunye nezabasebenzi.
- Qalisa uqeqesho kunye nezicwangciso zohlengahlengiso lobuchule kubasebenzi abachatshazelwe yinguqu.
- Khusela imimandla esemngciphekweni ngotyalo-mali olujoliswe kuyo kunye neenkqubo zophuhliso lwasemaphandleni.
- Hlanganisa imbono yesini kunye nokulingana kuyo yonke imigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu, ukukhuthaza ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabasetyhini kwimisebenzi kunye namacandelo eqhinga lenguqu yendalo.
- Ukujongana nomceli mngeni wabemi kunye nokuncipha kwabemi ngokuvelisa amathuba amatsha engqesho nemisebenzi yezoqoqosho kwimimandla yasemaphandleni.
La ubulungisa bentlalo nommandla Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa impumelelo kunye nokwamkelwa koluntu kwinguqu yendalo.
Izibonelelo zentlalo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo kwe-decarbonization
Iinzuzo zokukhupha ikhabhoni zidlulela ngaphaya kokunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo kunye nokulwa nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Phakathi kwezona mpembelelo zifanelekileyo zifanelekileyo zezi:
- Ukudala imisebenzi eluhlaza: Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukwamkelwa kwamanyathelo acwangcisiweyo kunokuvelisa malunga ne-300.000 yemisebenzi eshiyekileyo ngonyaka ngo-2050.
- Ukongiwa kokungeniswa kwamandla ngaphandle: Ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuxhomekeka kwi-hydrocarbons kunokukhokelela kulondolozo lwe-344.000 yebhiliyoni ye-euro.
- Ukonyuka kokhuphiswano kwezoshishinoUkuphuculwa kunye nedijithali kweenkqubo zoshishino kuya komeleza ubunkokeli baseSpain kumacandelo aphezulu-amaxabiso afana nokuhlaziywa, ukugcinwa, kunye nedijithali.
- Ukuphucula impilo yoluntu: Ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya kunokunciphisa ukufa kwangaphambi kwexesha nge-60% ngo-2050 xa kuthelekiswa no-2010.
- Ulondolozo lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezohlukeneyo: Ukubuyisela nokulawula ngokuzinzileyo amahlathi nemigxobhozo kuya kunceda ukukhusela iintlobo zezilwanyana neendawo zokuhlala ezixabisekileyo.
- Ukomelela ngakumbi kwiingxaki ezizayoUqoqosho olunekhabhoni ephantsi lusesichengeni kancinci kuguquguquko lwezelizwe kunye namaxabiso amandla ehlabathi.
Izitshixo ezongezelelweyo kunye neengcebiso kuqoqosho lwe-decarbonized
Ukufezekisa iinjongo zamabhongo ezibekiweyo, kubalulekile ukwamkela uluhlu lweengcebiso ezinqamlezileyo:
- Chaza ngokutsha imodeli yamandla esizwe, uyilungelelanise nendalo entsha kunye nobunyani bobuchwepheshe.
- Lungelelanisa inguqu yamandla kunye ne isicwangciso soshishino esiluqilima eqinisekisa ukukhuphisana kunye nokudalwa kwexabiso elongezelelweyo.
- Qinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla asemgangathweni kumaxabiso akhuphisanayo, ngakumbi kumacandelo avuleleke kakhulu kukhuphiswano lwehlabathi.
- Khusela imimandla echatshazelwa kakhulu kukuvalwa kwemizi-mveliso yefosili nge izicwangciso zenguqu nje phambi kokuvalwa kwezibonelelo.
- Ukuphuhlisa i-100% yezithuthi zokuvelisa umbane ohlaziyekayo ngo-2050, ukubonelela ngeziseko zophuhliso kunye nomthamo oyimfuneko wobuchwepheshe kunye nokugcinwa.
- Nyusa ukususwa kwekhabhoni kwizixeko ukubheja kucwangciso lwedolophu olusebenzayo, ulwakhiwo oluzinzileyo, ukushukumiseka kombane, iziseko ezingundoqo eziluhlaza, kunye nolawulo lwezixhobo ezikrelekrele.
- Ukuhlanganisa uqoqosho olujikelezayo kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma njengeentsika zokunciphisa uxinzelelo lokusingqongileyo.
- Ukukhuthaza ukubandakanyeka kwecandelo lezoshishino, ukudibanisa i-decarbonization kwisicwangciso sayo sezemali kunye nokusebenza.
- Ukukhuthaza ukutsha kunye netalente ngokutshala imali kwi-R&D, ukukhawulezisa ukufika kwezisombululo ezitsha kwimarike.
- Ukudala iindlela ezintsha zezimali zemozulu, ukugaya kungekuphela nje izixhobo zoluntu kodwa nezabucala.