Imeko yangoku ye Amahlathi aseAmazonian kunye nezinye i-ecosystems eLatin America ziye zakhalisa iintsimbi. Ngelixa kwamanye amazwe i ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ibonakala iphantsi kolawulo ngenxa yeendlela ezingcono zokubeka iliso kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu, into eyenzekayo ukuthotywa kwehlathi kunye nezoyikiso ezintsha ezifana imigodi engekho mthethweni bayenza buthathaka ngokunzulu imfezeko yendalo yemimandla yonke. Kwangaxeshanye, kukho ukuqondwa okukhulayo kwendima esisiseko edlalwe ngamaqela athile oluntu, ngakumbi Abantu abayinzala yama-Afro kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, ekunciphiseni amaxabiso okulahleka kwehlathi kunye nokugcina izinto eziphilayo kunye ne-carbon stocks.
Uphando lwamva nje lwenzululwazi lubonisa ukuba ukonakaliswa kwendalo akuphelelanga ekugawulweni kwemithi ngokupheleleyo. Imililo eqhubekayo, imbalela ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, ukutsalwa kwezixhobo zokusebenza, kunye nokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungekho mthethweni zonke zisebenza ngokuzolileyo, zithob’ isidima samahlathi angaphakathi kwaye zibeka esichengeni intlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yendalo kwizigidi zabantu.
Ukuqhubela phambili okuthe cwaka kokuwohloka kwamahlathi
Kwimeko Brasil, nangona izinga le ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ifikelele kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi kwiminyaka elishumi, ukuthotywa isidima yeAmazon ikhule nge-163% kwiminyaka nje emibini, ngokutsho kwedatha evela kumaziko aliqela kazwelonke nakwamanye amazwe. Engaphezulu kwe I-25.000 yeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha zehlathi baye bafumana umonakalo omkhulu, olingana nommandla omkhulu kunamazwe onke afana noSirayeli.
I-66% yayo yonke ithotyiwe inxulumene imililo yamahlathi ebangelwa ikakhulu yimisebenzi yabantu nembalela ixesha elide. Olu xinzelelo luyayitshabalalisa impilo yemithi, lwenza buthathaka amandla ehlathi okubamba ikharbhon, yaye lubeka emngciphekweni ukuzinza kwezinto eziphilayo zasekuhlaleni.
Ngoxa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kubandakanya ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kohlaza, ukuthotywa isidima Isebenza ngokuqhubekayo. Ihlathi lisenokubonakala liqhelekile ngaphandle, kodwa ngaphakathi lijongwa ilahleko yokusebenza kwendalo kunye nokomelela, echaphazela ukubunjwa kweentlobo, umgangatho womhlaba, kunye nokuveliswa kweenkonzo eziphambili zokusingqongileyo, ezifana nolawulo lwemozulu okanye ukubonelela ngamanzi.
Iziphumo zokusingqongileyo zibi kakhulu: ziyavela ukukhutshwa konyaka phakathi kwe-50 kunye ne-200 yezigidi zeetoni ze-CO₂, okunefuthe kumlo ochasene nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ngaphezu koko, ilahleko yezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphilayo ikhula ngokukhawuleza, yaye iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo—ukususela kwiijaguar ukusa kwiintaka ezikweleenjiko namahlengesi asemlanjeni—zijamelene nezisongelo kubomi bazo. Ukubuyisela ezi ndawo kunokuthatha amashumi eminyaka, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi, i-ecosystem yokuqala ayiphinda ibuyele ngokupheleleyo.
Omnye weyona mingeni iphambili yokuthotywa kwesidima bubunzima bokubeka iliso kuko. Ukuyifumanisa kufuna itekhnoloji ephucukileyo, imifanekiso enezisombululo eziphezulu, kunye nomsebenzi onzima, nto leyo eyenza nzima iimpendulo zikarhulumente. Ngoko ke, iingcali zigxininisa ukubaluleka kokomeleza ukongamela, ukubuyisela iindawo ezonakeleyo, nokukhuthaza ezolimo ezinoxanduva kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba koluntu.
Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ngokungekho mthethweni nokwembiwa kwemigodi njengesisongelo esikhulayo
En Argentina, imimandla efana neSantiago del Estero kunye neChaco ibhalisiwe Iihektare ezingama-31.000 zigawulwe ngokungekho mthethweni kwiinyanga nje ezintandathu, ngokutsho kweGreenpeace. La manani awuphinda ngaphezu kwesiqingatha esinye nesiqingatha ubukhulu besixeko saseBuenos Aires. Imibutho ejongene nemekobume ikhalazela ukuba izohlwayo zezoqoqosho ayisosithintelo yaye ukuthobela koorhulumente basekuhlaleni kukhuthaza ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ngokufuthi kwimimandla ekhuselwe ngumthetho welizwe.
Kwinxalenye yayo, kwifayile ye- IAmazon yaseEcuador, la imigodi engekho mthethweni iye yaphinda kabini ukususela 2020 kwaye kuqikelelwa ukuba kwiphondo Napo kuphela ngaphezu I-1.700 yeehektare zehlathi ukususela ngo-2017Lo msebenzi awupheleli nje ekupheliseni uhlaza kodwa utshabalalisa nokuma komhlaba, ungcolisa iindlela zamanzi nomhlaba ngemekyuri, kwaye ubeka emngciphekweni imithombo engundoqo yamanzi. Iingxelo zigxininisa impembelelo kwiindawo zokukhusela amanzi kunye noxinzelelo olukhulayo kuluntu lweMveli kunye noluntu lwasemaphandleni, olubona okusingqongileyo kunye nendlela yokuphila ewohlokayo.
Izindululo zokumisa ukwanda kwemigodi kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ziquka ukomeleza ukubeka iliso kwisathelayithi, usetyenziso olungqongqo lwezohlwayo, ukudalwa kweendawo zokungabandakanywa ezijikeleze imilambo kunye nokuguqulwa kwemimiselo yokusingqongileyo, ngaphezu kokuqatshelwa okusebenzayo kwamalungelo abantu bendawo.
Indima ephambili yenzala yama-Afro kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni
Imimandla elawulwa yi Abantu abayinzala yama-Afro EBrazil, eColombia, e-Ecuador naseSuriname babonisa amazinga okutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi ukuya kutsho kuma-55% ngaphantsi xa kuthelekiswa ne-avareji kazwelonke, ngokophononongo olupapashwe kwi Unxibelelwano ngeNdalo Umhlaba kunye neNdaloLe mihlaba, nangona ithatha i-1% kuphela yommandla womphezulu wala mazwe, iqulethe ubutyebi bebhayoloji kunye nekhabhonidayoksayidi engafumanekiyo (ikhabhoni ethi, ukuba ilahlekile, ayinakubuyiselwa amashumi eminyaka) ephezulu kakhulu kunomndilili.
Ingcaciso ilele kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zolawulo ezizuzwe njengelifa kwiinkulungwane: ukusuka kwiinkqubo zemveliso eyohlukeneyo (iindawo zokutya, i-agroforestry, i-enjoy ezolimo) ukuya kwintlonipho yezityalo nezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nokudityaniswa kolwazi lwe-ethnobotanical kunye nomoya onxulumene ngokunzulu nokusingqongileyo. Ezi zicwangciso ziye zaphumelela ekugcineni imihlaba enempilo kunye neyomelele ngakumbi ebusweni boxinzelelo lwangaphandle.
Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zilumkisa ukuba ukuvunywa ngokusemthethweni kwale mimandla kuhlala kunganelanga kwaye kubiza ukumelwa okukhulu kwabantu be-Afro-decendant kwiiforamu zamazwe ngamazwe, kunye nokwandisa izixhobo zophando kunye nenkxaso yolawulo loluntu. Inzululwazi ixhasa imfuno yokudibanisa ezi zenzo kunye neembono kwimozulu yehlabathi kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yolondolozo.
Imingeni yezomthetho nethekhinoloji ekuthinteleni ilahleko yamahlathi
Idatha ibonisa ukuba ukulwa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kwaye ukuthotywa kufuna a impendulo elungelelanisiweyo kumanqanaba amaninzi. Imibutho yezendalo efana neGreenpeace ifuna ukuba izohlwayo kunye nezohlwayo zitshintshwe okanye zikhatshwe ukohlwaywa okusebenzayo kolwaphulo-mthetho lokusingqongileyoUkungohlwaywa kunye nezikroba zolawulo zivumela iinkampani nabantu ngabanye ukuba baqhubeke betshabalalisa amahlathi, bebona izohlwayo njengeendleko nje zokusebenza.
Brazil, umzekelo, iye yazibophelela kumazwe ngamazwe ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwerhasi ye-greenhouse ekhutshwayo ngama-59% ukuya kuma-67% ngowama-2035. Ulawulo lwamahlathi oluzinzileyo kunye nokubuyiselwa kweendawo ezonakeleyo kuya kuba ngundoqo ekufezekiseni ezi njongo nokugcina ukuzithemba kumazwe ngamazwe phambi kweziganeko ezifana nenkomfa ezayo ye-UN yokutshintsha kwemozulu (COP30).
Okokugqibela, ubuchwephesha bokubona obuphuculweyo-ukusuka kumfanekiso wesathelayithi okwisisombululo esiphezulu ukuya kwimifuziselo yokubeka iliso yokusetyenziswa komhlaba ephucukileyo-yenza ukuba kube lula ukuchonga iindawo ekuxhaphake kuzo. ukuthotywa isidima nangokuchaneka okukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubela phambili yobugcisa kufuneka ihambisane nemigaqo-nkqubo eqinile yoluntu, inkuthazo yezoqoqosho eyaneleyo yolondolozo (ingakumbi ngeemarike zekhabhoni eziyilwe kakuhle) kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo koluntu lwengingqi kunye nelomthonyama.
