Kumashumi eminyaka adlulileyo, kuye kwenziwa izifundo ezininzi kutshintshiselwano lweegesi ze-greenhouse phakathi kweatmosfera kunye ne-biosphere. Kwezi gesi, ikharbon diokside (CO2) yeyona nto iphononongwayo, ngenxa yokwanda kwayo okuqhubekayo kwiatmosfera kunye negalelo layo ekwandeni kobushushu behlabathi.
Isinye kwisithathu sezinto ezikhutshwayo zeCO2 ezibangelwa zizenzo zabantu zifunxwa yinkqubo yendalo esemhlabeni. Imixokomelwano yendalo efana namahlathi, imigxobhozo kunye namahlathi idlala indima ebalulekileyo kolu kufunxa. Noko ke, into edla ngokungaphawulwa kukuba iintlango kunye ne-tundras Zikwabalulekile kule nkqubo, nangona ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
Indima yemimandla eyomileyo kumjikelo wekhabhoni
Imimandla eyinkqantosi, efana neentlango, ngokwesiko ibingahoywa malunga nendima yayo kumjikelo wekhabhoni. Oku kungenxa yokuba, xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto eziphilayo, umsebenzi wayo webhayoloji usezantsi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba ezi nkqubo zendalo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwibhalansi yekhabhoni yehlabathi, hayi nje ngokufunxa i-CO2. Uphando olukhokelwa IBhunga eliPhakamileyo loPhando lwezeNzululwazi (CSIC) utyhile ukuba i Ukukhutshwa kweCO2 kwiindawo ezibharhileyo kunokubangelwa ngumoya, ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba 'yi- underground ventilation'.
Le nto yenzeka xa umoya olayishwe nge-CO2 uvaleleke kumhlaba ongaphantsi ugxothwa emoyeni ngenxa yesiphithiphithi somoya esibangelwa ngumoya. Le nkqubo ibukhali ngakumbi ngexesha lonyaka elomileyo kwiindawo ezinobumanzi obuphantsi komhlaba. Ukukhutshwa kweCO2 kolu hlobo kwiindawo eziyinkqantosi akujongelwa phantsi kakhulu, kwaye uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba banokuba negalelo elikhulu ekwandeni kweegesi zegreenhouse.
Indawo yovavanyo eCabo de Gata
Olunye lolona phando lufanelekileyo malunga nokungena komoya ongaphantsi komhlaba luye lwenziwa kwihlathi le-espartal eliyinkqantosi kwiCabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park, eAlmería. Esi siza sikhethwe ngenxa yeemeko ezimandundu zebhayoloji kunye nomsebenzi ophantsi webhayoloji, oko kusenza ukuba ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yokukhangela umlinganiselo weCO2 ekhutshwayo kwimozulu eyomileyo. Kwiminyaka emithandathu, phakathi ko-2009 no-2015, abaphandi balinganise amanqanaba e-carbon dioxide emhlabeni kunye nomoya.
Iziphumo zibonise ukuba, kwiimeko ezinomoya kunye nezomileyo, ukukhutshwa okukhulu kweCO2 kwenzeka ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya kwi-atmosfera, iguqula ibhalansi yekhabhoni. Enyanisweni, kwaphawulwa ukuba ngamaxesha athile I-CO2 ivaleleke ngaphantsi komhlaba ikhutshwa ngobuninzi, isenza umjelo owongezelelweyo wokukhupha izinto ezikhutshwayo.
Ukuba sesichengeni kwekhabhoni egcinwe kumhlaba owomileyo
Ngokwezifundo zamva nje, Ikhabhoni yendalo egcinwe kumhlaba owomileyo isengozini kakhulu kunokuba bekucingelwa ngaphambili. Iiminerali zomhlaba bekulindeleke ukuba zisebenze njengezikhuselo zokukhusela ukukhutshwa kwale khabhoni. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olwenziwa yi-Institute of Agrarian Sciences (ICA) ye-CSIC lubonise ukuba izimbiwa ezikhoyo kwezi ndawo azisebenzi ngendlela ebekukholelwa ngayo. Ngenxa yoko, ukwanda kobume kunye namaqondo obushushu ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu kubangela ilahleko yekhabhoni engalindelekanga kwezi nkqubo zendalo.
Ezi lahleko zekhabhoni zinefuthe eliphindwe kabini. Kwelinye icala, bakhulula ngakumbi i-CO2 emoyeni, leyo inegalelo kubushushu behlabathi. Kwelinye icala, le lahleko ikwachaphazela ngokuthe ngqo izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuchuma komhlaba kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu, ekubeni i-organic carbon ibalulekile kwezi zixokelelwano zendalo.
Impembelelo yokutshintsha kwemozulu kwiindawo ezomileyo
Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kuyichaphazela kakhulu imixokomelwano yendalo eyinkqantosi neyinkqantosi. Uqikelelo lwe ukwanda kwembalela nokwandiswa kwemimandla eyinkqantosi inokunyusa ngokubonakalayo isenzeko sokungena komoya ongaphantsi komhlaba, apho ezi ndawo zinokusuka ekubeni zizitsiki zekhabhoni ziye ekubeni yimitshi ye-CO2 eshiyekileyo.
Uphononongo olwenziwa yiKing Abdullah University yeSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji iqikelela ukuba le meko inokutshintsha ngokupheleleyo ibhalansi yekhabhoni yehlabathi. Ngaphandle kokuba amanyathelo athathiweyo ukuthomalalisa ifuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu, imixokomelwano yendalo eyomileyo inokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokufudumala kwehlabathi, ibe negalelo kwizixa ezibalulekileyo zeCO2 eyongezelelweyo emoyeni.
Ngaphezu koko, kwezi ndawo apho i ukufuma komhlaba ngaphantsi kwe 30%, umoya kunye nokungabikho kwezityalo kuququzelela ukuphunyuka kwe-CO2 evaleleke kwi-subsoil. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba uqikelelo lwemozulu kumashumi eminyaka azayo lunokwenza imeko ibe mandundu ngakumbi kwindawo eyomileyo, inyuse ukukhutshwa kweCO2 kwihlabathi liphela.
Kwelinye icala, uphononongo oluthile lucebisa ukuba iindawo ezomileyo zinokubamba i-CO2 eninzi kunokuba bekucingelwa ngaphambili ukuba 'bezihlaza'. Izityalo ezilungelelaniswe kwindawo eyomileyo, kunye ne-microorganisms ezithile zomhlaba, zinokuba ngundoqo ekubuyiseleni amandla okufunxa i-carbon kule mimandla.
Isishwankathelo, nangona iindawo ezomileyo ziye zatyeshelwa kwizifundo zomjikelo wekhabhoni, uphando lwakutsha nje luqaqambisa ukubaluleka kunye nobunzima obukhulu. Ukunyuka kwe-CO2 ekhutshwayo ngenxa yokungena komoya ongaphantsi komhlaba kunye nokuba sesichengeni kwekhabhoni egciniweyo kwenza le mimandla ibe yingqwalasela eyimfuneko kumxholo wokutshintsha kwemozulu.