Utshintsho olubhekiselele kwimodeli yamandla esekelwe kwimithombo ehlaziyiweyo luye lwaba lubalulekileyo kwisakhelo se-Ajenda ye-2030 Iinjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo (SDG) ezikhuthazwa yiZizwe eziManyeneyo zibalaselisa imfuneko yokutshintsha kakhulu indlela esivelisa ngayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla. Le nkqubo ayifuni nje ukunqanda iimpembelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, kodwa nokuqinisekisa a ukufikelela jikelele kumandla afikelelekayo, akhuselekileyo kunye nokusingqongileyo.
Namhlanje, ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili kusaqhubeka kugquba ekuveliseni amandla ehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, i amandla ahlaziyekayo ziya zisanda, ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe, ukuhla kweendleko zemveliso kunye nokwandisa ukuzinikela koorhulumente, amashishini kunye nabemi. Okulandelayo, siza kuphonononga ukuba la manyathelo aphunyezwa njani kwaye inzuzo yolu tshintsho lwesakhiwo.
Yintoni ukuzinza kwamandla kwaye kutheni kubalulekile?
Uzinzo lwamandla Ibhekisela ekukwazini ukulinganisa imiba emithathu engundoqo: ukhuseleko lokunikezelwa kwamandla, ukufikeleleka kwezoqoqosho kunye nefuthe elincinci lokusingqongileyo. Le ngcamango, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"energy trilemma", yenye yeentsika ze-Ajenda ye-2030.
Phezu kwayo nje inkqubela eyenziweyo, kusekho indawo yokuphucula. Ngokwe-UN, malunga ne-13% yabemi behlabathi abakafikeleli kumbane. Uninzi lwaba bantu bahlala emaphandleni apho imingeni yolungiselelo noqoqosho yenza uphuhliso lweziseko zombane lubenzima.
Enye yeenjongo eziphambili kukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantu bayafikelela kumthombo wamandla wale mihla nozinzileyo ngo-2030. Nangona kunjalo, kuqikelelwa ukuba kuseza kubakho. 600 yezigidi zabantu ngaphandle kokufikelela kumbane ngaloo mhla ukuba isantya samanyathelo ehlabathi asikhawuleziswa.
Amandla ahlaziyekayo njenge-axis esembindini yotshintsho
Imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, efana nelanga, umoya, amanzi kunye ne-geothermal, idlala indima ebalulekileyo Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa iigesi zegreenhouse. Ngaba imithombo yamandla ecocekileyo Ayipheleli nje ekuyikhathaleleni indalo, ikwanceda ekuguquleni uqoqosho ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwamazwe kumafutha efosili asuka kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokwengxelo ye-Arhente yaMandla aHlaziywayo yamazwe ngamazwe (IRENA), i 90% yemveliso yombane yehlabathi inokuveliswa kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo ngo-2050 ukuba izibonelelo eziyimfuneko zityaliwe. Okwangoku, le mithombo ibonelela nge 29% yombane wehlabathi jikelele, inani eliqhubeka nokunyuka.
Ukwengeza, phambili kwezobuchwepheshe baye bakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko ezinxulumene nokuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo. Umzekelo, iindleko zamandla elanga zehla nge 85% phakathi kuka-2010 no-2020, ngelixa amandla omoya elunxwemeni nangaselunxwemeni afumene ukwehla 56% y 48%, ngokulandelanayo.
Iinzuzo ezongezelelweyo zamandla ahlaziyekayo
Ukuya kwimodeli yamandla ahlaziyekayo kuneziphumo ezilungileyo kwiindawo ezininzi:
- Impilo yoluntu: Ukutshintshela kumandla acocekileyo kunceda ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya, nto leyo enciphisa izifo zokuphefumla kunye nentliziyo.
- Ukudalwa kwengqesho: Utshintsho lwamandla kulindeleke ukuba ludale izigidi zemisebenzi emitsha, ingakumbi kumacandelo afana nofakelo lweepaneli zesola, ukwenziwa kweeinjini zomoya kunye nophando lobuchwephesha obucocekileyo.
- Ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho: Amandla ahlaziyekayo anciphisa iindleko zemveliso kwixesha elide kuba akaxhomekeke ekuguquguqukeni kwamaxabiso e-oyile, igesi okanye amalahle.
Indlela i-Ajenda ye-2030 ikhuthaza ngayo ukuzinza kwamandla
IiNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo, ngakumbi i-SDG yesi-7, zijolise ekuqinisekiseni amandla afikelelekayo kwaye azinzileyo kubo bonke. Le njongo ikwaquka ukukhuthaza ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla kunye nokwandisa umlinganiselo wamandla ahlaziyekayo kumxube wamandla.
Kwi-European Union, imigaqo-nkqubo eyahlukeneyo, efana ne-Green Deal, ifuna ukuphumeza ukungathathi hlangothi kwemozulu ngo 2050. ESpain, amandla ahlaziyekayo sele emele 50,3% yokuveliswa kombane, inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo ebonisa ukuzibophelela kwelizwe kuzinzo.
Ngenkxaso elungelelanisiweyo yoorhulumente, amashishini kunye nabemi, ukutshintshela kwimodeli yamandla ahlambulukileyo akunakwenzeka kuphela, kodwa kunye noqoqosho oluyimfuneko kunye noluntu oluyimfuneko. Iinzame ezidibeneyo kuphando, ukuxhaswa ngemali kunye nokukhuthazwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuya kuba ngundoqo ekufezekiseni iinjongo ezimiselweyo kunye nokuqinisekisa iplanethi enempilo kunye nenokuhlala kuyo kwizizukulwana ezizayo.