Ulwandle ngumthombo wamandla ongatshiyo nonamandla amakhulu okuvelisa umbane ovela kubugcisa obahlukeneyo obunokuhlaziywa. Phakathi kwazo, amandla amaza kunye namaza agqama njengezinye iindlela ezizinzileyo ezinokuba negalelo elikhulu kutshintsho lwamandla ehlabathi. Ngombulelo kwimpembelelo eqhubekayo yamaza kunye namaza, ezi ntlobo zesizukulwana zibonelela ngokuqikelelwa kunye nokuhamba kwamandla okuzinzileyo.
Ngaphandle kokubhenela kwabo, obu bugcisa bujongene nemingeni emininzi, ukusuka kwiindleko zabo eziphezulu zokuphumeza ukuya kwisidingo sokunciphisa impembelelo yabo kwizinto eziphilayo zaselwandle. Nangona kunjalo, ngenkqubela phambili yobunjineli kunye notyalo-mali olukhulayo, amazwe amaninzi nangakumbi atyala imali kuphuhliso lwawo ukuze aguqule amandla olwandle abe sisisombululo sexesha elide.
Yintoni amandla olwandle?
Amandla olwandle Yiloo nto ifunyenwe ekuhambeni kwamanzi okubangelwa ngamaza, avela ngokudibana komxhuzulane phakathi koMhlaba, iNyanga kunye neLanga La mandla asetyenziswe kangangeenkulungwane kusetyenziswa i-tidal mills, kodwa ngoku sele ehlaziywe ngee turbines ezingaphantsi kwamanzi kunye neejenereyitha.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokusebenzisa amandla olwandle, ngakumbi ngokusebenzisa:
- Izandi zamaza: Iidike zakhiwe kumachweba ukuze kuthatyathwe inzuzo yomahluko wobude phakathi kwamaza aphezulu naphantsi.
- Iijeneretha zangoku: Zisebenza ngokufanayo kwiiinjini zomoya, kodwa ngaphantsi kwamanzi, zibamba amandla ekinetic emisinga yolwandle.
- Amandla amaza aguqukayo: Itekhnoloji esephantsi kophuhliso ezama ukusebenzisa umahluko woxinzelelo oveliswa kukushukuma kwamaza.
Iindawo ezinesakhono esikhulu samandla olwandle
Amaza anamandla afanayo kuyo yonke indawo emhlabeni, ngoko ukusebenza kwamandla olwandle kuxhomekeke kwindawo. ESpeyin, amanqaku anamandla amakhulu afumaneka kwi Strait of Gibraltar kunye nonxweme Galician, apho imisinga ifikelela kwizantya ezifanelekileyo.
Kwinqanaba lehlabathi, oku kulandelayo kuyabonakala:
- EUnited Kingdom: Iprojekthi yeMeyGen eSkotlani, enee turbines zangaphantsi kwamanzi kwiPentland Strait. Ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nale nkqubela phambili, unokufunda malunga isikhululo samandla olwandle eFransi.
- IFrance: Ihlala esona sikhululo samandla esikhulu saseYurophu eLa Rance.
- ECanada: Iiprojekthi kwiBay of Fundy, enye yezona ndawo ziphakamileyo ezinamaza emhlabeni.
Yintoni amandla amaza?
Amandla amaza, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngamaza amandla, ifumaneka ekuhambeni kwamaza. Oku kuhamba rhoqo kwamanzi kuqulethe isixa esikhulu samandla e-kinetic anokuguqulwa abe ngumbane usebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.
Itekhnoloji eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo zezi:
- IiKholamu zaManzi eziJikizayo (OWC): Amagumbi avaliweyo apho ukuhamba kwamaza kutyhala umoya, ukuqhuba ii-turbines.
- Iinkqubo zeendawo zokufunxa: Iibhoyi ezidadayo ezibamba amandla macala onke.
- Iziguquli zamaza obuso: Izakhiwo ezidadayo eziguqula intshukumo yamaza ibe ngamandla oomatshini.
- Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo: Amagumbi angaphantsi kwamanzi apho iinguqu zoxinzelelo ziqhuba ii-injini zomoya.
Iiprojekthi zamandla amaza abonakalisiweyo
Spain nguvulindlela ekusebenziseni le teknoloji, kunye nomzekelo ocacileyo kwi Mutriku wave plant power, kwiLizwe laseBasque, eyayiyindawo yokuqala yorhwebo yohlobo lwayo eYurophu. Amanye amaphulo aquka:
- I-Eco Wave Power (Mallorca): Phantsi kophuhliso, nomthamo ocetyiweyo we-2 MW.
- Iiprojekthi eGalicia nakwiCanary Islands: Uvavanyo luyaqhubeka ukufumanisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokusetyenziswa kwamaza. Ezi nzame ziyinxalenye yentshukumo eya iqonga lehlabathi lamandla ahlaziyekayo.
Izinto eziluncedo kunye nezingeloncedo zamandla olwandle
Inzuzo
- Umthombo ongaphelelwayo: Ulwandle sisixhobo esihlaziyekayo esingasoze siphele.
- Ukukhutshwa okuphantsi: Ayivelisi iigesi zegreenhouse.
- Ukuqikelelwa okuphezulu: Amaza kunye namaza alandela iipateni eziqhubekayo, eziququzelela ukucwangciswa kwamandla.
- Ukuhambelana namanye amandla ahlaziyekayo: Inokudibaniswa neenkqubo zelanga okanye zomoya, ezibonakala ekwandiseni amandla omoya olwandle.
Iingxaki
- Iindleko eziphezulu: Ukwakhiwa nokugcinwa kweziseko zophuhliso kubiza imali eninzi.
- Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo: Inokuchaphazela i-ikhosistim yolwandle.
- Unyino lwejografi: Isebenza kuphela kwiindawo ezineempawu ezifanelekileyo.
- Imingeni yezobuchwepheshe: Izisombululo ezininzi zisekwinqanaba lophuhliso.
Amandla olwandle amele enye yeendlela ezithembisayo kwicandelo elinokuhlaziywa. Nangona isajongene nemiqobo, amandla ayo okubonelela umbane ococekileyo y ezinzileyo Ayinakuphikiswa. ISpain, kunye nonxweme lwayo olubanzi, inethuba elikhethekileyo lokukhokela uguquko lwamandla olwandle, iqhuba amandla amaza kunye namaza kwinkqubo yayo Utshintsho lwamandla.
