Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfuneko yezakhiwo ezizinzileyo nezisebenzayo iye yanika izixhobo ezithile ukubalasela ngokukhethekileyo kwihlabathi lokwakha. Omnye wabo, i uboya belitye, ibonakalise ukuba lukhetho olubalaseleyo kuyo iimpawu zokugquma, ukuziphatha kwayo phambi komlilo kunye neenzuzo zayo zendalo.
Esi sixhobo, esivela kwiinkqubo zendalo kunye nezizinzileyo, aziphuculi nje kuphela intuthuzelo thermal y acoustic yezithuba, kodwa imele inzuzo enkulu ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nezinto ezikhutshwayo ezingcolisayo. Apha ngezantsi, sijonga nzulu ukuba yintoni, iveliswa njani, iimpawu zayo zobugcisa, kunye nazo zonke iingenelo ezibonelela ngazo kwiiprojekthi zokwakha ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo.
Yintoni uboya belitye kwaye yenziwa njani?
Uboya bamatye a izinto ezikhuselayo zemvelaphi yezimbiwa efunyenwe kwi-fusion ye amatye e-volcanic afana ne-basalt kwaye, kwiimeko ezininzi, kunye nokufakwa kwe inkunkuma yamashishini esetyenzisiweyo, njenge-slag yentsimbi. Le nkqubo yemveliso ikhuthazwa yindlela apho, ngokwendalo, umoya kunye nodaka olunodaka olunokuvelisa ukwakheka koboya emva kogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo.
Kwishishini, le fusion iqhutywa kwiziko ezifikelela kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga 1500 ºC, apho izinto zijika zibe yilava engamanzi. Umatshini ojikelezayo ke usetyenziselwa ukuguqula udaka olunyibilikisiweyo lube yimisonto ecolekileyo, efana nefayibha, edityaniswe ndawonye yenze ubume obunemingxuma.
Ukuphucula ukuhambelana kwayo kunye nokunika iimpawu ezongezelelweyo, a isisombululo esibophezelayo elungisa imicu kunye, kunye nee-oyile bayawagxotha amanzi. Uboya ke buye bucinezelwe, bomiswe, bupholiswe, kwaye ekugqibeleni busikwe bube kubungakanani obufunekayo phambi kokuba bupakishwe ukuze busasazwe.
Iimpawu zobuchwephesha boboya bamatye
Le mathiriyeli ayiphumeli nje kuphela ngenxa yayo indalo yendalo, kodwa nangenxa yayo ukusebenza kobugcisa obuphezulu kakhulu. Ngezantsi, sijonga ezinye zeempawu zayo ezifanelekileyo:
- I-Thermal conductivity: Inexabiso phakathi kwe-0.033 kunye ne-0.042 W/m·K, iyenza ibe sisigqubuthelo esigqwesileyo.
- Ukufunxa okuvakalayo: Ngee-coefficients ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.00, iqinisekisa ukugquma kwengxolo ephezulu.
- Ukumelana nomlilo: ihlelwe njenge I-Euroclass A1, ayinakutsha kwaye inokumelana namaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-1000 ºC.
- Uzinzo lweDimensional: igcina imilo yayo kunye nokwahluka kokufuma okanye ubushushu.
- Into evikela amanzi: ifunxa ngaphantsi kwe-1 kg/m², inqanda iingxaki ezifana nokubunjwa kokungunda.
- Ukumelana nomphunga wamanzi: ivumela umphunga ukuba udlule, unceda iindonga ukuba ziphefumle.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwicandelo lokwakha
Enkosi kuwe ukuguquguquka, Uboya belitye bunokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezininzi ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo:
- Iifacades ezinomoya y iindonga zangaphandle ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla.
- Izahlulo zangaphakathi, iisilingi kunye nemigangatho ye-thermal kunye ne-acoustic insulation.
- Iindonga zomlilo kunye neendawo ezifuna ukuxhathisa umlilo.
- Ukulungiswa kwekhaya, ukuvuselelwa kwamandla okanye ukuphuculwa kwe-insulation kwizakhiwo ezindala.
Ikwanazo nezicelo ezingaphaya kwendawo yokuhlala, njengakwi iindawo zokugcina zoshishino, ezikolweni, izibhedlele, ofisi kwaye nakwi icandelo lomkhosi wamanzi.
Ukufakwa kwe-thermal kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamandla
Enye yeenzuzo ezinkulu zoboya bamatye kukukwazi ukunciphisa ukutshintshana kobushushu phakathi komphandle nangaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Ngokunciphisa i ilahleko thermal ebusika kunye neenzuzo ehlotyeni, indawo ekhululekile yangaphakathi iphunyezwa ngaphandle kwesidingo sokusetyenziswa kakhulu kokufudumeza okanye ukupholisa umoya.
Oku kubangela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi kwaye, ngoko ke, ukucuthwa okubalulekileyo kweendleko zomoya. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kwenza uboya belitye lube yintsika esisiseko yaso nasiphi na isicwangciso sozinzo kulwakhiwo, olufana noko kubonwa kwi izakhiwo ze-eco kunye namandla ahlaziyekayo abasebenzisa ezi zenzo.
Ukugquma isandi: ukuthuthuzela ngaphandle kwengxolo
Omnye umba apho uboya belitye bugqwesa kukukwazi kwabo ukufunxa amaza esandi, ukuthintela ingxolo ekudluleni kwiindonga okanye kwiisilingi. Ngee-coefficients zokufunxa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1.00, isebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngokuchasene nesandi somoya (njengamazwi okanye i-traffic) kunye nengxolo yempembelelo (ienyawo okanye izithonga).
Oku kugquma kuluncedo ngakumbi kwi izindlu zeentsapho ezininzi, ii-ofisi ezivulekileyo, hotele, izitudiyo zokurekhoda o ezikolweni, apho intuthuzelo ye-acoustic iyimfuneko ekhulayo. Ukuphunyezwa kwezisombululo ezifana noboya bamatye kunegalelo a uyilo lwangaphakathi oluzinzileyo.
Ukumelana nomlilo: ukhuseleko oluqinisekisiweyo
Uboya bamatye, obuqulunqwe ngeeminerali, bu engatshiyo kwaye ayikhuphi iigesi eziyityhefu xa itshisiwe. Oku kwenza kube ngumhlobo omkhulu kumacandelo apho i ukuthintela umlilo ibalulekile.
Isetyenziswa kwi firewalls, iisilingi, imigangatho ephakanyisiweyo okanye iimvulophu zobugcisa kwizakhiwo zikawonke-wonke nezabucala. Ukulinganisa kwayo umlilo we-A1 kuqinisekisa ukuba, xa kukho umlilo, kunceda ukulibazisa ukusasazeka kwamadangatye kwaye unikeze ixesha elingakumbi lokukhutshwa. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kumxholo we izindlu ezizinzileyo, ebeka phambili kokubili ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko.
Ukuxhathisa ukufuma: impilo kunye nokuqina
Olunye uphawu oluphambili loboya bamatye bububo ukuxhathisa amanzi kunye nokufuma. Ngokungafaniyo nezinye i-insulators, ayigcini amanzi kwaye ngoko ayikhuthazi ukukhula kwesikhunta okanye ibhaktheriya, igcina iipropati zayo zokukhusela zihamba kakuhle ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Oku kuyenza ilungele ukubeka iindawo ezinomswakama njengamagumbi angaphantsi, amagumbi okuhlambela, amakhitshi okanye izakhiwo ezibekwe kwindawo engaselunxwemeni ezinomswakama ophezulu. Ngokufana nezinye izisombululo, ukuqina kwayo okuphezulu kunegalelo kuzinzo kwicandelo lokwakha.
Uzinzo kunye neenzuzo zokusingqongileyo
Uboya bamatye bunojoliso olucacileyo lwendalo. Akwenziwanga kuphela ukusuka izinto ezininzi eziluhlaza ezifana ne-basalt, kodwa kwakhona inokuphinda isetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo ekupheleni kobomi bayo obuluncedo.
Ukongeza, imveliso yayo ivelisa ukukhutshwa kweCO2 ephantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto zokugquma, kunye nokuqina kwayo kunciphisa imfuno yokutshintshwa rhoqo okanye ukulungiswa, igalelo kuqoqosho lwesetyhula. Ngokwale ngqiqo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ezinye iindlela ezifana nokusetyenziswa kwe biomethane ukuphucula ngakumbi uzinzo.
Ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa
Enye yeengongoma ezomeleleyo zoboya bamatye kukuba bunjalo kulula ukuyifaka. Inokunqunyulwa ngezixhobo ezilula kwaye ilungelelanise naluphi na uhlobo lomphezulu okanye ifomathi, ngaphandle kwemfuneko yomatshini onzima okanye iinkqubo ezinzima.
Ngokumalunga nesondlo, kuyenzeka engekhoyo. Ngenxa yokuzinza kwayo, ukuchasana nee-arhente zangaphandle, kunye nokuqina, igcina iimpawu zayo zokukhusela iminyaka emininzi.
Kulo lonke olu hlalutyo, sibonile indlela uboya belitye obubekwe ngayo njengenye yezona zixhobo zibanzi kwicandelo lolwakhiwo oluzinzileyo. Iimpawu zayo zobugcisa, ezidibaniswe nefuthe eliphantsi lokusingqongileyo, zenza inxalenye ephambili yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla, ukwandisa ukhuseleko, kunye nokubonelela ngenduduzo enkulu kuzo zonke iintlobo zezakhiwo.
Ngaphaya koko, ukuguquguquka kwayo kufakelo kunye nokumelana nomlilo, ingxolo, ukufuma, kunye nokuhamba kwexesha kuyenza ibe lutyalo-mali olukrelekrele nolukhuselekileyo kwiiprojekthi ezizinikele kokusingqongileyo kunye nentlalontle yabantu.
