
Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kobutyebi bendalo ngomnye wemingeni emikhulu yemekobume kwixesha lethu. Phakathi kwabo, i ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwesanti ifumene ukubaluleka okukhulu ngenxa yeziphumo zayo ezibi kokusingqongileyo kunye noluntu. Isanti sisixhobo esisisiseko kumashishini amaninzi kwaye, ngenxa yokunyuka kwemfuno yayo, ivelisa iingxaki ezinzulu ukusuka ekuwohlokeni kwendalo ukuya kwiingxaki zentlalo nezoqoqosho.
Ukubaluleka kwesanti njengesixhobo
Isanti efumaneka elunxwemeni, emilanjeni nakwiilwandle idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwi-ikhosistim. Likhaya kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezixhomekeke kuyo ngokuthe ngqo ukuze ziphile. Ukongezelela, isebenza njengesithintelo sokukhusela kwizinto zendalo ezifana izaqhwithi, ukhukuliseko lonxweme kunye nokunyuka komphakamo wolwandle. Ngokutsho kohlolisiso lwakutshanje, isanti ibalulekile ukunqanda ukhukuliseko, ukukhusela izakhiwo nokugcina ulungelelwano lwendalo oluyimfuneko kwizinto eziphilayo.
Iyamangalisa kwabaninzi into yokuba isanti sesona sixhobo sitsalwayo sikwindawo yesibini kwihlabathi liphela, sandulelwa kuphela ngamanzi. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso ye ikhonkrithi, i-asphalt kunye neglasi, kubalulekile kulwakhiwo. Ikwasetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezinjengokuvuselelwa kolwandle kunye nokuqhekeka kwehydraulic (fracking), enyusa ngokubonakalayo ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Enyanisweni, imfuno yehlabathi yesanti iye yaphindaphindeka kathathu kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo.
Ukuxhaphaza kakhulu isanti
La ukuxhaphaza ngokugqithisileyo okungalawulwayo yesanti ineziphumo ezibi kwi-ikhosistim yasemanzini naselunxwemeni. Xa kutsalwa izixa ezikhulu, ukuqukuqela kwendalo kwentlenga kuyatshintshwa, nto leyo ebangela ukhukuliseko kwiilwandle nakwiindawo eziselunxwemeni. Le nkqubo ishiya iindawo ezisesichengeni semozulu efana neetsunami okanye izaqhwithi. Ngaphaya koko, imfuno ekhulayo yentlabathi iguqula iindawo zokuhlala emilanjeni naselwandle, nto leyo echaphazela izinto eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo xa zizonke.
Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo yi ukuguqulwa kwekhonkco lokutya. Ukuncipha kwentlenga emilanjeni, ngenxa yokutsalwa kwesanti, kubeka esichengeni ukuphila kweentlobo ezininzi zaselwandle, ezinjengeentlanzi namafudo. Oku kunefuthe elithe ngqo kuluntu lwasekuhlaleni, oluxhomekeke kwezi ntlobo zezilwanyana ukuze ziphile, ezichaphazela ukuveliswa kokutya kunye nokunyusa intlupheko kwimimandla yonxweme.
Ukuthutha isanti ukusuka kolunye ulwandle ukuya kolunye, umkhuba oqhelekileyo wokunqanda ukhukuliseko, nako kungunobangela wokukhathazeka. Nangona kubonakala ngathi isisombululo esisebenzayo, kudala iingxaki ezintsha, ezifana nokwandiswa kwe iintlobo ezingenelelayo ukukhuphisana neentlobo zezilwanyana zalapha kunye nokudala imizimba emileyo yamanzi, eququzelela ukwanda kwezifo ezifana nemalariya.
Iimpembelelo zoqoqosho nezentlalo
Impembelelo yokusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwesanti ayikho nje indawo engqongileyo. iqalile iingxaki ezinzulu zezoqoqosho nezentlalo. Ngokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwemfuno yesi sixhobo, imarike emnyama elawulwa yi-mafias iye yavela. Kumazwe afana neIndiya, iKhambodiya kunye naliqela eAfrika, ukuthatha inxaxheba iimafia ezinikezelwe ekutsalweni kwesanti ngokungekho mthethweni, nto leyo ebangele ukruthakruthwano lwentlalo nongquzulwano olunogonyamelo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaqambisa ukuba ezi mafiya zihlala zisebenza kwiindawo ezikhuselweyo, ziqhubela phambili ukuwohloka kwenkqubo yendalo. Uluntu lwasekuhlaleni, oluxhomekeke kwimithombo yabo yonxweme, lufuduswa okanye lunyanzeliswe ukuba lusebenze kwiimeko ezinzima, lukhumbuza uhlobo lwanamhlanje lobukhoboka. Ngaphezu koko, imfuno yamazwe ngamazwe kunye neendleko eziphantsi zokutsalwa ngokungekho mthethweni ziyayenza mandundu le ngxaki, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukunqanda ukwanda kwayo.
Kwimimandla enophuhliso oluphezulu lwedolophu, njengeCosta del Sol eSpain, ukutsalwa kwesanti ngokugqithiseleyo kube ngumcimbi oqhubekayo ngenxa yeemfuno zonyaka zokuhlaziywa kolwandle. Ezi zenzo azichaphazeli kuphela i-ecosystem, kodwa kunye nokhenketho lwasekhaya, enye yemithombo yezoqoqosho ephambili kule mimandla.
Amanyathelo achasene nokuxhaphaza ngokugqithisileyo
U-Aurora Torres, umphandi oyingcali kulo mbandela, ugcina ukuba kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo angxamisekileyo ukunqanda ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwesanti. Okokuqala, oorhulumente kufuneka basebenzisane kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe ukuphuhlisa imimiselo elawula ukutsalwa kunye nokuthengiswa kwezi zinto zikrwada. Imigaqo-nkqubo kufuneka igxile ekukhuthazeni ukurisayikilishwa kwezinto zokwakha, ezifana nengqushu, enokuthi ithathe indawo yenxalenye ebalulekileyo yesanti esetyenziswa kwicandelo lokwakha.
Ngapha koko, iiprojekthi ezintsha ezifana uphuhliso lwezinye izinto zesamente, ezingaxhomekeke kwisanti njengesithako esiphambili, zifumana ukubaluleka. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziphanda ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha. Olu tshintsho lunokuba ngundoqo ekwehliseni uxinzelelo kumanzi amatsha kunye nenkqubo yendalo engaselunxwemeni.
Enye inqaku eliphambili yi ukubeka iliso nolawulo olusebenzayo yemithombo yesanti. Okwangoku, kumazwe amaninzi, imimiselo ayonelanga okanye ayinyanzeliswa ngokungqongqo. Kubalulekile ukuba iinkqubo ziphuhliswe ukulandelela ukutsalwa nokuqinisekisa ukuba imigaqo yamazwe ngamazwe iyahlangatyezwa. Ukwenziwa kweenkqubo-sikhokelo zolawulo oluluqilima kunganceda ukuthomalalisa iziphumo zokusingqongileyo nezentlalo zale ngxaki.
Ekugqibeleni, i-UN icele oorhulumente ukuba baqaphele isanti njengomthombo wobuchule. Ukuphunyezwa kwemimiselo ethintela ukutsalwa kwesanti kwiindawo ezithile ezikhuselweyo, ezifana neelwandle, kunye nokuzibophelela kuqoqosho olujikelezayo ngamanyathelo aphambili abhekiselele kwikamva elizinzileyo.
Ngamafutshane, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwesanti imele isoyikiso esibalulekileyo kwi-ikhosistim kunye noluntu oluxhomekeke kuyo. Intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nendlela ebanzi equka imigaqo-nkqubo, ukubeka iliso kunye nezisombululo ezizezinye zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kwesi sixhobo kwixa elizayo.